Restorative Justice and Technology

Author(s):  
Pedro Miguel Freitas ◽  
Pablo Galain Palermo

In civil law countries, criminal justice is beginning to experience a shift from retributive justice towards restorative justice. Amongst other goals, restorative justice aims to give the victim a pivotal role in the administration of justice, which until now, with the traditional criminal justice, has not happened at a desirable level. It covers very different processes, but victim-offender mediation is certainly the most established one. Although an online version of the victim-offender mediation model is yet to be implemented, we believe that it could be a relevant alternative to an offline setting. It is nevertheless clear that further studies are necessary to fully comprehend the extent of the structure and implications of a ODR system for criminal conflicts.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
I Nyoman DIPA RUDIANA ◽  
I Ketut RAI SETIABUDHI

The renewal of the orientation of punishment for children in conflict with the law from a retributive justice approach to restorative justice is a good start for efforts to restore a victim-oriented situation by giving the perpetrator the opportunity to express his regret to the victim with the concept of diversion. However, not all cases of children are entitled to diversion. In accordance with Article 7 paragraph (2) of the SPPA Law, the requirement for diversion is a criminal act punishable by imprisonment of under 7 (seven) years and not a repetition of a criminal act. Meanwhile, criminal acts that are punishable by more than 7 (seven) years and repetition of criminal acts are not entitled to diversion. The concept of diversion and the terms of diversion are interpreted very narrowly so that they do not reflect dignified justice. The law cannot only regulate legal certainty. The law must provide a sense of justice with dignity and justice that humanize humans. This writing aims to determine the concept of diversion of the juvenile criminal justice system based on dignified justice. The type of research used is literature, the nature of this research is descriptive, the results of the research are the reconstruction of the concept of diversion based on dignified justice must be reconstructed by expanding the concept of diversion so that every child without exception has the right to get diversion.


Obiter ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
PN Makiwane

To date, South Africa’s criminal justice system has been about crime and the punishment of offenders, and not about redress for crime victims. This can be ascribed to the nature of a criminal system that perceives crime to be a matter between the State and the accused, with the victim playing the marginal role of a witness. The retributive nature of our criminal justice has played a crucial role in the marginalization of the very person who was victimized, namely the crime victim. A number of countries have recently developed practices of restorative justice and therapeutic jurisprudence that have introduced an all-inclusive justice system that allows for participation by offenders, crime victims, their family members, the community and the State. Sadly, our country has been but tentative in its acceptance of restorative justice processes, with only a few thousands of individuals having benefitted from it since its inception. Although restorative justice is acclaimed as a system that allows for meaningful participation of victims in criminal processes, the author argues that the system favours mostly offenders, young offenders in particular, and is applied in respect of minor offences. For serious crimes, courts have been reluctant to embrace restorative justice processes, preferring to revert to the retributive system which is believed to have failed in reducing the crime rate in any country. In this article the author develops the idea that a lukewarm reception of restorative processes is detrimental to the administration of justice. It defeats the very purpose of victim involvement in the criminal justice system, and deprives the crime victim of the very benefits restorative justice is acclaimed for, namely healing and satisfaction.


Utilitas ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M. Baker

Restorative justice should have greater weight as a criterion in criminal justice sentencing practice. It permits a realistic recognition of the kinds of harm and damage caused by offences, and encourages individualized non-custodial sentencing options as ways of addressing these harms. Non-custodial sentences have proven more effective than incarceration in securing social reconciliation and preventing recidivism, and they avoid the serious social and personal costs of imprisonment. This paper argues in support of restorative justice as a guiding idea in sentencing. As part of this defence, it considers whether the use of the idea of restorative justice will conflate criminal law with civil law or displace the authority of the criminal courts, and whether the sentences it recommends are best thought of as punishments or alternatives to punishment.


Hukum Islam ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ludfi Ludfi ◽  
Jumati Jumiati ◽  
Febriana Hidayati

AbstractSettlement of domestic violence cases in Indonesia still uses the retributive justice approach, the settlement of these cases is solely intended to impose sanctions on perpetrators of domestic violence without considering the loss suffered by the victim. Therefore, Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Elimination of Domestic Violence regulates the rights of victims in obtaining justice through the criminal justice system so that the aim is not only to take action against perpetrators but also protect victims of domestic violence.Further, Government Regulation Number 4 of 2006 concerning the Implementation and Cooperation of the Recovery of Victims of Domestic Violence intersects with the concept of restorative justice. This can be seen by the regulation of the recovery of victims of domestic violence involving collaboration with various parties. However, when compared, it is still considered not enough to provide protection and recover victims of domestic violence, because only one goal is set from restorative justice, the recovery of victims. This regulation still puts victims as objects by putting the victims away to participate in the criminal justice system, and not explaining the recovery process, which is the ultimate goal of restorative justice.


Obiter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Charlene Lubaale

The exact meaning, place and role of “restorative justice” (hereinafter “RJ”) in criminal matters remain largely unclear. Often, RJ is reduced to a sentencing option, an alternative to retributive justice and an approach, which cannot co-exist alongside custodial sentences. This oversimplification of the concept of RJ seems to have trickled down to the decisions of courts. Notably, although over the years the use of RJ in criminal matters has grown in its stature and impact, with countries like Canada and South Africa constituting prime examples of the few embracing this system in criminal matters, a critical analysis of the jurisprudence of both countries reveals that its application to criminal matters is shrouded with ambiguity. Most of these courts have reduced RJ to a mere sentencing option, an option that cannot rest comfortably alongside custodial sentences and an alternative to retributive justice. Nowhere is this ambiguity more eminent than in cases of serious offending. Given that custodial sentences are often deemed relevant in cases of serious offending, when RJ is oversimplified, it is often excluded from the overall criminal justice framework, making it impossible for it to co-exist alongside a retributive system of justice. Put differently, the manner in which RJ is being conceptualised is having major implication for its role in the prosecution of cases of serious offending. This article analyses case law that grapples with these issues in Canada and South Africa and on the basis of this analysis, it is argued that for RJ to have a meaningful role, especially in cases of serious offending, it should be perceived as a guiding principle that provides a foundation in the overall criminal justice process rather than a mere sentencing option, an alternative and an approach totally against custodial sentences.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Nur Rohman ◽  
Fransiska Novita Eleanora

AbstrakAnak merupakan generasi penerus bangsa yang berhak atas perlindungan hukum yakni sejak berada dalam kandungan ibunya, sampai dilahirkan. Pemenuhan hak-hak yang paling pokok diberikan adalah berhak atas kebutuhan pokoknya (sandang, pangan, dan papan), berhak atas pendidikan, pengajaran, kesehatan, tidak diskriminasi, dan menghargai pendapat anak khususnya anak yang ada di Kelurahan Bekasi Jaya Kecamatan Bekasi Timur. Selain mendapatkan pendidikan di Kelurahan Bekasi Jaya Kecamatan Bekasi Timur, ini, perlu juga didapatkan hak-hak lainnya seperti yang diatur dalam UU No. 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Secara jelas, pengaturan pemenuhan hak anak ada dalam bidang perdata dan pidana. Perlindungan hukum atas bidang hukum perdata adalah identitas diri (akte kelahiran), yang sangat sulit untuk didapatkan khsusnya bagi mereka yang tergolong tidak mampu (keluarga miskin), dan seharusnya pemerintah menyediakan sarana pembuatan akte kelahiran secara gratis tanpa dipungut biaya sebegai bentuk perlindungan terhadap warganya, dan yang ke-2 dalam bidang hukum perdata adalah berhak untuk mendapatkan kewarganegaraan yaitu seorang anak yang dilahirkan dari perkawinan campuran berhak untuk mendapatkan kewarganegaraan, jika masih dibawah umur, mengikuti warganegara ibunya, tetapi jika usianya diatas 18 tahun dan sudah dewasa, berhak untuk menentukan mengikuti warganegara ayah atau ibunya. Perlindungan hukum akan pemenuhan hak-hak anak dibidang hukum pidana, melindungi anak baik sebagai pelaku ataupun korban dari suatu tindak pidana yang terjadi, hak yang diberikan kepada anak sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (SPPA) yaitu Diperlakukan secara manusiawi dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan sesuai dengan umurnya. Dipisahkan dari orang dewasa, memperoleh bantuan hukum dan bantuan lain secara efektif melakukan kegiatan rekreasional, Bebas dari penyiksaan, penghukuman atau perlakuan lain yang kejam, tidak manusiawi, serta merendahkan martabat atau derajatnya baik dilingkungan keluarga atau masyarakat, hukuman mati atau seumur hidup tidak dijatuhi/diberikan kepada anak,  Upaya terakhir yang diberikan adalah ditangkap, ditahan dan dituntut dimuka pengadilan,  memberikan keadilan yang objektif dan tidak memihak, identitasnya tidak boleh dipublikasikan untuk umum dan sidangnya harus bersifat tertutup agar dapat kejiwaan/psikologinya tidak terganggu. Serta memperoleh pendampingan dari orang tua/wali dan orang yang dipercaya oleh anak, memperoleh advokasi, memperoleh kehidupan pribadi serta dapat menyelesaikan kasusnya diluar pengadilan melalui diversi dengan menempuh restorative justice, yaitu prose penyelesaian perkara pidana anak dari proses peradilan pidana ke proses di luar peradilan pidana. Diversi dilakukan selama 30 hari untuk mencapai kesepakatan antar kedua belah pihak.kata kunci : Perlindungan, Hukum, Hak, Anak  Abstract The child is the next generation of the nation who is entitled to the protection of the law that is since being in the womb of his mother, until birth. The fulfillment of the most basic rights given is entitled to his basic needs (clothing, food, and boards), is entitled to education, teaching, health, non-discrimination, and respect the opinions of children, especially children in Jaya Bekasi Sub-District, East Sub district in Bekasi. In addition to obtaining education in Jaya Bekasi Sub-District, Bekasi East Sub district, it is necessary to obtain other rights as regulated in Law no. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights (HAM). Clearly, the arrangement of the fulfillment of the rights of the child is in the civil and criminal field. Legal protection of civil law is a self-identity (birth certificate), which is very difficult to obtain especially for those who are classified as poor (poor families), and the government should provide the means of making birth certificates for free of charge as a form of protection against its citizens, and the second in the field of civil law is entitled to a nationality of a child born of a mixed marriage entitled to acquire citizenship, if still under age, following his mother's citizenship, but if he is over 18 years old and an adult, the citizen of his father or mother. Legal protection for the fulfillment of the rights of the child in the field of criminal law, protecting the child either as the perpetrator or the victim of a criminal act, the rights granted to the child in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 11 Year 2012 on the Criminal Justice System Treated humanely with attention to the needs according to age. Separated from adults, obtaining legal assistance and other assistance effectively undertaking recreational activities, Freedom from torture, punishment or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or degradation either in the family or community environment, death penalty or life imprisonment not served / given to the child, the last endeavor is to be arrested, detained and prosecuted before the court, giving objective and impartial justice, his identity shall not be publicly published and his trial shall be closed to his psychology unaffected. As well as obtaining assistance from parents / guardians and people trusted by the Child, getting advocacy, obtaining personal life and can solve his case outside the court through diversion through restorative justice, the process of settling criminal cases of children from the criminal justice process to proceedings outside the criminal justice. Divers conducted for 30 days to reach agreement between both parties.Keywords: Protection, Legal, Rights, Child  


Author(s):  
Airlangga Justitia

Sistem Peradilan Pidana (Criminal Justice System), harus dikaji ulang guna melihat kepentingan yang lebih luas, tidak hanya terfokus pada pembalasan bagi pelaku tindak pidana saja, akan tetapi juga kepentingan korban tindak pidana sudah selayaknya di perhatikan. Perlindungan yang ada dalam KUHAP lebih banyak melindungi hak asasi pelaku tindak pidana dari pada hak asasi/kepentingan korban tindak pidana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hakikat penyelesaian perkara di luar pengadilan antara pelaku dan korban kejahatan; dan reformulasi kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam mengimplementasikan hakikat penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar pengadilan antara korban dan pelaku kejahatan. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan hukum dan kajian kepustakaan yang dikuatkan data lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan  Hakikat penyelesaian di luar pengadilan adalah restoratif justice. sistem yang dianut oleh KUHAP adalah retributive justice yang titik perlindungannya adalah pelaku tindak pidana (offender oriented) bukan restorative justice. Rekonseptualisasi dan Rekoordinasi dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana (Criminal Justice System) perlu dan sangat mendesak untuk dilakukan, agar tercipta suatu penegakkan hukum yang berlandaskan keadilan semua untuk semua.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Suzuki ◽  
William R Wood

Restorative justice conferencing (RJC) has demonstrated strengths over traditional criminal justice approaches, including victim satisfaction and redress, and offender perceptions of legitimacy and fairness. However, less is known about how and why. This research examines conference convenor perspectives concerning how and why RJC ‘works’ in terms of such outcomes. The convenor perspective is a poorly investigated area in RJC research, despite the pivotal role that convenors play as ‘key’ participants in RJC practice. Based on semi-structured interviews with convenors involved in the Youth Justice Group Conferencing program in Victoria, findings highlight that not only face-to-face dialogue, but also preparation and follow-up play distinct and important roles in the outcomes of RJC. As preparation and follow-up phases are often dismissed or compromised in practice, this article suggests that RJC should be clearly articulated and implemented as a ‘holistic’ process that requires equal attention to all three phases.


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