Teachers as Researchers

2018 ◽  
pp. 82-98
Author(s):  
Patricia Cranton
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Teacher Research ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Arts Based Research ◽  
Main Research

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce readers to how teachers can be taught about research in ways that are meaningful for them and relevant to their practice. The three main research paradigms are described, paradigms that are defined based on the kind of knowledge being sought. Mixed methods research is also acknowledged as possibly being in a fourth paradigm. It is action research and participatory action research (also called “teacher research”) that most closely illustrates how teachers can meaningfully engage in research relevant to their practice. These methodologies are described, and then a template for a research course for teachers is provided. Finally, practical examples of participatory and action research are provided, followed by suggestions for the future development of teacher research, including narrative inquiry and arts-based research.

Teachers as Researchers

2015 ◽  
pp. 312-328
Author(s):  
Patricia Cranton
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Teacher Research ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Arts Based Research ◽  
Main Research

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce readers to how teachers can be taught about research in ways that are meaningful for them and relevant to their practice. The three main research paradigms are described, paradigms that are defined based on the kind of knowledge being sought. Mixed methods research is also acknowledged as possibly being in a fourth paradigm. It is action research and participatory action research (also called “teacher research”) that most closely illustrates how teachers can meaningfully engage in research relevant to their practice. These methodologies are described, and then a template for a research course for teachers is provided. Finally, practical examples of participatory and action research are provided, followed by suggestions for the future development of teacher research, including narrative inquiry and arts-based research.

Paradigms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia O'Cathain
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
World View ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation ◽  
The Status

A paradigm is a world view held by members of a research community. It determines what humans can know and how to undertake research to generate knowledge. It shapes how research is undertaken and how quality is judged. In mixed methods evaluations combining qualitative research and RCTs, the implicit paradigm is often post-positivism. There are alternative paradigms such as participatory action research and realist evaluation. The status of qualitative research within a mixed methods evaluation may depend on the paradigm adopted. Researchers undertaking qualitative research may adopt a different philosophical stance from those undertaking the RCT. It is important to have team discussions about paradigms throughout a mixed methods evaluation to understand the variety of stances within the team. This chapter focuses on the range of paradigms researchers adopt and some of the challenges researchers face when combining qualitative research and RCTs within different paradigms.

scholarly journals Evaluating a novel Integrated Community of Care (ICoC) for patients from an urbanised low-income community in Singapore using the participatory action research (PAR) methodology: a study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Leng Low ◽  
Adlina Maulod ◽  
Kheng Hock Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Action Research ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Acute Hospital ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hospital Use

IntroductionPoorer health outcomes and disproportionate healthcare use in socioeconomically disadvantaged patients is well established. However, there is sparse literature on effective integrated care interventions that specifically target these high-risk individuals. The Integrated Community of Care (ICoC) is a novel care model that integrates hospital-based transitional care with health and social care in the community for high-risk individuals living in socially deprived communities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the ICoC in reducing acute hospital use and investigate the implementation process and its effects on clinical outcomes using a mixed-methods participatory action research (PAR) approach.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre prospective, controlled, observational study performed in the SingHealth Regional Health System. A total of 250 eligible patients from an urbanised low-income community in Singapore will be enrolled during their index hospitalisation. Our PAR model combines two research components: quantitative and qualitative, at different phases of the intervention. Outcomes of acute hospital use and health-related quality of life are compared with controls, at 30 days and 1 year. The qualitative study aims at developing a more context-specific social ecological model of health behaviour. This model will identify how influences within one’s social environment: individual, interpersonal, organisational, community and policy factors affect people’s experiences and behaviours during care transitions from hospital to home. Knowledge on the operational aspects of ICoC will enrich our evidence-based strategies to understand the impact of the ICoC. The blending of qualitative and quantitative mixed methods recognises the dynamic implementation processes as well as the complex and evolving needs of community stakeholders in shaping outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board (CIRB 2015/2277). The findings from this study will be disseminated by publications in peer-reviewed journals, scientific meetings and presentations to government policy-makers.Trial registration numberNCT02678273

scholarly journals Management and Point-of-Care for Tobacco Dependence (PROMPT): a feasibility mixed methods community-based participatory action research project in Ottawa, Canada

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e018416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Pakhale ◽  
Tina Kaur ◽  
Catherine Charron ◽  
Kelly Florence ◽  
Tiffany Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Polysubstance Use

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of a Community-Based Participatory Tobacco Dependence Strategy (PROMPT) in the inner city population of Ottawa (Canada).DesignA feasibility mixed methods prospective cohort study following principles of community-based participatory action research.InterventionRecruited 80 people whouse drugs, followed them for 6 months while providing access to counselling, nicotine replacement therapy and peer-support in a community setting.SettingCommunity research office in downtown Ottawa, adjacent to low-income housing, shelter services and street-based drug consumption.Primary outcomeRetention rate at 6-month follow-up.Secondary outcomeBiochemically validated 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 26 weeks, self-reported abstinence in the past 7 days with exhaled carbon monoxide ≤10 ppm.ResultsThe average age of participants was 43.8 years. The 6-month follow-up rate was 42.5%. The mean number of smoking years reported was 27.3 years. The participants were 70% male, 33.7% reported less than a high-school education, 21% identified as indigenous and 43.8% reported an income between US$1000 and US$1999 per month. The baseline mean daily cigarette use was 20.5 and 9.3 cigarettes at study end, with mean reduction of 11.2 cigarettes at 6 months (P=0.0001). There was a considerable reduction in self-reported illicit substance use (18.8%), including a reduction in the opioids heroin (6.3%), fentanyl (2.6%) and Oxycontin (3.8%). The study findings also reveal psycho-socioeconomic benefits such as improved health, return to work and greater community engagement.ConclusionsThe PROMPT project describes socioeconomic variables associated with tobacco and polysubstance use. A programme focused on tobacco dependence, easily accessible in the community and led by community peers with lived experience is feasible to implement and has the potential to support positive life changes. PROMPT’s patient engagement model is an effective harm-reduction strategy for the growing opioid use crisis and can improve the health outcomes of marginalised at-risk populations worldwide.

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