A Scale of Relative Institutional Challenge During MNC Global Expansion

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-124
Author(s):  
Ehsan Derayati ◽  
Rick Molz ◽  
Gwyneth Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Standardized Measure ◽  
Broad Scale

This chapter develops a reliable and valid scale of relative institutional challenge between 40 country pairs by drawing on three measures of institutional uniqueness. The single measure can be used by researchers and practitioners to assess the relative institutional challenge that a multinational corporation (MNC) may face in the internationalization process between their home and potential host country. The value of this single scale includes (1) a more comprehensive and broad scale than three separate scales, (2) demonstrated reliability and validity, (3) a standardized measure of institutional challenge that can be used by different researchers in different research settings, and (4) a tool for practitioners that is easily applied and robust when considering alternative off-shore investment opportunities.

scholarly journals Strategic view of internationalization process, a case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Sertif DEMİR ◽  
Associate Prof. Dr. R. Dilek KOÇAK
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Free Entry ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
Locational Advantage ◽  
Oli Paradigm

This study aims at examining the Slovenian airdrome multinational corporation construction Company, in OLI paradigm factors, notably focusing on how the OLI paradigm can be utilized to explain the course of the company for the decision of internationalization production. The major outcome of this study demonstrates that among the OLI paradigm, ownership and location advantages can best explain the Company’s internationalization of production as the Company has the monopolistic advantage in production airdrome in Balkans, at old Soviets countries, and the Middle East and those regions present locational advantage because of their effective demand capacity, low labor costs, free entry markets.

scholarly journals The Role Of Guatemalan Crisis Management Attitudes In Foreign Direct Investment Initiatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle G. Hough ◽  
John E. Spillan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Resource Environment

Improvements in communication, transportation, and technology continue to drive business globalization. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one way in which firms can globalize. Although firms seeking FDI opportunities may investigate the commercial, economic, political, and natural resource environment of the potential host country, cultural issues including crisis management attitudes are sometimes overlooked. This study reviews crisis management considerations, investigates attitudes of indifference displayed by Guatemalan businesses with respect to crisis management, and discusses the implications for firms seeking FDI opportunities in Guatemala.

scholarly journals Reversal of language hierarchy and the politics of translation in a multinational corporation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna Ristolainen ◽  
Virpi Outila ◽  
Rebecca Piekkari
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Colonial Theory ◽  
Corporate Language

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the reversal of language hierarchy in a Finnish multinational corporation (MNC) from a political perspective. This paper situated the language hierarchy in the historical context of the colonial-style relationship between Finland and Russia. From a post-colonial perspective, the colonial legacy of Russia has had an influence on language strategy and everyday translation work in the Finnish multinational until the present day. Design/methodology/approach This paper undertook a case study based on qualitative secondary analysis of existing data sets. These data sets originated from two previously conducted studies of the same Finnish MNC. Findings The findings revealed a reversal of the traditional corporate language hierarchy. Russian, as the host country language of powerful local subsidiaries, rose to the top of the hierarchy at the expense of English, the common corporate language, and other languages. The colonial-style relationship was enacted by professional and paraprofessional translators who collaborated by using “the master’s language and imitating the master’s voice” to reap the strategic benefits of local responsiveness. Originality/value In contrast to previous work drawing on post-colonial theory in the study of MNCs, this paper represents the headquarters in Finland as the “colonised” party and the Russian subsidiaries as the “coloniser.” Owing to its colonial legacy, Russian, the host country language, became very powerful and influenced the language strategy of the entire MNC. This paper conceptualized translation as a multilevel phenomenon and offers a holistic explanation of why the language hierarchy in the Finnish MNC was reversed.

Reliability and Validity of a Standardized Measure of Influenza Vaccination Coverage among Healthcare Personnel

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya E. Libby ◽  
Megan C. Lindley ◽  
Suchita A. Lorick ◽  
Taranisia MacCannell ◽  
Soo-Jeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Project Staff ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Physician Practices ◽  
Standardized Measure ◽  
Facility Staff

Objective.To evaluate the reliability and validity of a standardized measure of healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination.Setting.Acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, physician practices, and dialysis centers from 3 US jurisdictions.Participants.Staff from 96 healthcare facilities randomly sampled from 234 facilities that completed pilot testing to assess the feasibility of the measure.Methods.Reliability was assessed by comparing agreement between facility staff and project staff on the classification of HCP numerator (vaccinated at facility, vaccinated elsewhere, contraindicated, declined) and denominator (employees, credentialed nonemployees, other nonemployees) categories. To assess validity, facility staff completed a series of case studies to evaluate how closely classification of HCP groups aligned with the measure's specifications. In a modified Delphi process, experts rated face validity of the proposed measure elements on a Likert-type scale.Results.Percent agreement was high for HCP vaccinated at the facility (99%) and elsewhere (95%) and was lower for HCP who declined vaccination (64%) or were medically contraindicated (64%). While agreement was high (more than 90%) for all denominator categories, many facilities' staff excluded nonemployees for whom numerator and denominator status was difficult to determine. Validity was lowest for credentialed and other nonemployees.Conclusions.The standardized measure of HCP influenza vaccination yields reproducible results for employees vaccinated at the facility and elsewhere. Adhering to true medical contraindications and tracking decimations should improve reliability. Difficulties in establishing denominators and determining vaccination status for credentialed and other nonemployees challenged the measure's validity and prompted revision to include a more limited group of nonemployees.

Currency internationalization in the BRICS’ space

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Zharikov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Assets ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Currency Internationalization ◽  
Financial Transactions

The article analyzes the mechanism of settling trade and financial transactions in national currencies of the BRICS. The purpose of this article is to reveal the special features of the BRICS’ currencies’ internationalization process in the frames of this mechanism. The article proves that having various investment opportunities in yuan’s transactions including bonds, investment and financial assets is a crucial factor of creating the BRICS’ settlements system which goal it is to more broadly use their national currencies internationally.

Globalization and the Failure of Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Host Country ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Risky Technology

Abstract:As the 21st century breaks upon us, no ethical issues in business appear as significant as those being created by the rapid globalization of business. Globalization has created numerous ethical problems for the manager of the multinational corporation. What does justice demand, for example, in the relations between a multinational and its host country, particularly when that country is less developed? Should human rights principles govern the relations between a multinational and the workers of a host country, and if so, which principles are the correct ones? How should a multinational deal with a government in which corruption is rife? What are the ethical considerations involved in determining whether and how to transfer a risky technology to a country whose people may not be able to safely absorb that technology? What kind of labor and environmental standards should a multinational adopt when operating in a country whose government legislates only very low standards?

Reliability of the Perceive, Recall, Plan, and Perform (PRPP) assessment in community-dwelling dementia patients: test consistency and inter-rater agreement

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. J. Steultjens ◽  
Sebastian Voigt-Radloff ◽  
Rainer Leonhart ◽  
Maud J. L. Graff
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Criterion Referenced ◽  
Four Quadrant

ABSTRACTBackground: The aim of this study is to evaluate aspects of inter-rater reliability of the Perceive, Recall, Plan, and Perform (PRPP) system of task analysis for assessing daily functioning of home-dwelling dementia patients.Method: Videotaped recordings of 30 German patients with dementia performing a relevant daily task in their own homes were scored independently by ten Dutch PRPP trained occupational therapists, randomly selected from a pool of 25. Intra-class correlations (ICC) (one-way single measure) were calculated for PRPP Stage One independence score, and PRPP Stage Two information processing scale, quadrant scales, and subquadrant scales from a total of 300 PRPP scores.Results: ICCs for Stage One PRPP independence score were good to excellent (0.63; 0.94) for both individual rater and test reliability. The Stage Two PRPP total score showed moderate correlations (0.46) for the single rater absolute agreement and excellent agreement (0.90) for test reliability. The four quadrant scale scores of the PRPP showed limited single rater absolute agreement (0.37–0.39) but excellent average test agreement (0.85–0.87). All subquadrants of information processing showed limited single rater absolute agreement (0.26–0.38) and good to excellent average test agreement (0.78–0.86). This suggests that the PRPP total is reliable in assessing information processing during activity performance in dementia patients.Conclusions: The PRPP is a reliable measure to evaluate individual performances of routines and tasks in community-living dementia patients by multiple raters. Future research should address reliability and validity features of the PRPP for dementia patients with incorporation of criterion-referenced test characteristics.

The Asthma Belief Survey: Development and Testing

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Velsor-Friedrich ◽  
Therese D. Pigott ◽  
Brenda Srof ◽  
Robin Froman
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Survey Development ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Asthma Knowledge ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Care Practices

Accurate evaluation of asthma self-efficacy is essential to the effective management of asthma. This article describes the development and testing of the Asthma Belief Survey (ABS). The instrument is a 15-item tool that uses a 5-point self-report scale to measure asthma self-efficacy in relation to daily asthma maintenance and an asthma crisis. This instrument was tested with a sample of 79 African American school children, who attended eight inner-city elementary schools. The mean age of the sample was 11.05 years with a range of 8 to 14 years. The majority of students had been diagnosed with asthma prior to the age of 5 years. The Asthma Belief Survey demonstrated good psychometric properties: good Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient (.83), coherence as a single scale measuring children’s self-efficacy in treating their own asthma, and significant relationships with scales of asthma knowledge (r= .51,p< .000) and asthma self-care practices (r= .52,p< .001). The Asthma Belief Survey has sound reliability and validity evidence to support its use to measure a child’s asthma self-management self-efficacy. The practitioner can use this instrument to assess a child’s self-efficacy in the areas of asthma health maintenance and avoidance of asthma episodes.

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