Development and Implementation of an HPV Vaccination Survey for American Indians in Cherokee Nation

Improving human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates is a public health priority and a crucial cancer prevention goal. We designed a survey to estimate HPV vaccination coverage and understand factors associated with HPV vaccination among American Indian adolescents aged 9 to 17 years in Cherokee Nation, United States. The final survey contains 37 questions across 10 content areas, including HPV vaccination awareness, initiation, reasons, recommendations, and beliefs. This process paper provides an overview of the survey development. We focus on the collaborative process of a tribal–academic partnership and discuss methodological decisions regarding survey sampling, measures, testing, and administration.

Factors Affecting Outbound Tourism from Bangladesh: A Study on Young Bangladeshi Tourists

The aim of this study is to identify the factors for young Bangladeshi tourists to participate in outbound tourism. This study also attempted to create a young tourist profile. The target population for this study encompassed young Bangladeshi outbound travellers from 18 to 35 years old and who took at least one foreign tour. The questionnaire was formulated in the online survey development platform known as Google form and was distributed to the respondents. In total, 145 completed questionnaires were collected. To evaluate the responses of the respondents a five-point likert scale was used. This study used SPSS 26.0 to analyze the data. The results of the demographic characteristics of the respondents were analyzed by the frequency distribution and percentage. However, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA tests were employed to analyze the variables of this study. The survey results indicate that ‘for visiting and experiencing new places & its culture’ and ‘for traveling with my friends’ are the most influencing motivations to travel among young Bangladeshi tourists: in the same time ‘lack of money’, ‘family responsibilities’ and, ‘mode of transportation’ are the most concerning factors for obstructing travel decisions for them. The other concerning limiting factors which can’t be overlooked are ‘safety and security concerns’ ‘accommodation availability’ and ‘lack of time for travel’. The findings of this study will help the business operator to formulate strategy and offer a suitable travel package for the young tourist market.

Household Food and Water Emergency Preparedness Practices Across the United States

Objective: To evaluate food and water storage practices in the United States, including the extent that government emergency preparedness guidelines were followed. Methods: Qualtrics panelists (n = 572) completed a 142-item online survey in August 2014. Cognitive interviews (n = 5) and pilot data (n = 14) informed survey development. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Open-ended responses related to water storage preparation were classified into 5 categories. Results: Many respondents reported being somewhat or well prepared to provide food and water for their households during a large-scale disaster or emergency. Only 53% met Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidelines to have water last at least 3 days. Based on respondents’ self-report, it appeared that those who prepared personally-filled containers for water did not carefully follow FEMA instructions. Most respondents had non-perishable foods available, with 96% meeting the FEMA guidelines of at least 3 days of storage. Conclusion: Households were generally prepared to provide food and, to a lesser extent, water in emergency situations, but were not consistently following FEMA guidelines. Additional easy-to-follow, evidence-based information may better help citizens accurately implement food and water storage emergency preparedness guidelines.

Survey Instrument for Measuring Level of Preparedness amongst Healthcare Personnel in Radiation Emergency

Drills and exercises are globally practiced to investigate the level of preparedness towards disaster events. However, these activities are rarely conducted because they require substantial investment, specifically to budget and time. A self-reported survey may serve as an alternative approach, although it may not be as effective as drills and exercises. As part of the survey development process, this article discusses preliminary validation of a survey instrument to measure the level of preparedness towards radiation emergency amongst healthcare personnel. Prior to this validation process, extensive literature reviews pointed out that the instrument consists of three constructs of preparedness, namely readiness, willingness, and ability. A total of seven subject matter experts were invited to judge the contents for verification purposes. Randolph Kappa analysis was then conducted to analyse their judgment to allow irrelevant items to be filtered from the rest prior to any improvements. Initially, the survey instrument consisted of 69 items; however, the analysis omitted 16 of them. The following values for each preparedness construct were: Readiness (0.77), Willingness (0.70), and Ability (0.73). These findings indicate that contents of the instrument are valid. Further analysis should be fulfilled to complete validation process to ensure its practicality prior to using it as an evaluation tool.

Evaluating Conscious Consumption: A Discussion of a Survey Development Process

This paper is the outcome of a course project for Economics of Sustainability (Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts). Facilitated and under the direction of the instructor, course participants designed a survey instrument where questions and responses were developed to be indicators of behavioral bias related to the environment. The consumer good targeted in the survey was convenience-based coffee consumption, and convenience was defined by the use of single-use disposable coffee cups. The discussion highlights the survey development process including literature review-based expectations specific to each question. The paper concludes with next steps, which involve the administration of the instrument and evaluation of the survey results.

An Illustration of the Actual Steps in Development and Validation of a Multi-Item Scale for Quantitative Research

This chapter describes in detail the process used to develop and validate a scale that measures servant leadership. The steps covered include construct identification from previous studies, review of previously proposed and developed measures, item selection, survey development, collection of data, scale identification, and evaluation of convergent, discriminant, predictive validity. The chapter provides a hands-on example of the steps required for scale measure development and assessment and includes description of the mechanics involved in completing each step of this process.