Globalization and the Failure of Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Host Country ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Risky Technology

Abstract:As the 21st century breaks upon us, no ethical issues in business appear as significant as those being created by the rapid globalization of business. Globalization has created numerous ethical problems for the manager of the multinational corporation. What does justice demand, for example, in the relations between a multinational and its host country, particularly when that country is less developed? Should human rights principles govern the relations between a multinational and the workers of a host country, and if so, which principles are the correct ones? How should a multinational deal with a government in which corruption is rife? What are the ethical considerations involved in determining whether and how to transfer a risky technology to a country whose people may not be able to safely absorb that technology? What kind of labor and environmental standards should a multinational adopt when operating in a country whose government legislates only very low standards?

scholarly journals The ethical issues in the clinical application of stem cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa-guang Huang ◽  
Jian Hu ◽  
Jia-fu Liu ◽  
Jian Ping Gong ◽  
Yong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
New Research

The current scientific research directing at the stem cells is being a new research hotspot of life science in the 21st century due to its advantages in clinical treatment. While the clinical application of stem cells brings new hope to the patients, it also brings a lot of medical ethics issues. Therefore, it is necessary that making reasonable efforts on the clinical application of stem cells to meet the requirement of normalization and standardization. This paper covers the clinical application of stem cells and the its ethical problems.

Ethical considerations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Streiner ◽  
Geoffrey R. Norman ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Consequential Validity ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Majority Population

Although studies of the psychometric properties of scales do not have the same ethical challenges as those involving interventions, there are still areas that researchers need to be sensitive to. These include issues such as informed consent, especially with vulnerable populations, and deception. This chapter also discusses confidentiality, and when this can be breached for legal reasons. It also returns to the issue of consequential validity and the ethical issues that may arise when minority or disadvantaged groups attain scores that are different from those of the majority population. This chapter discusses these and other ethical problems that may arise within the context of developing and validating scales.

scholarly journals Ethical Considerations in Global Health for Obstetrician-Gynecologists

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. CMWH.S7721
Author(s):  
Mary Rockers ◽  
John Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Problems

There is growing interest in the area of global health by obstetricians-gynecologists. As more of these physicians become involved in this important and exciting undertaking, the physicians are potentially exposed to situations in which they may have to deal with ethical questions that they may not have previously considered. Some of the principles which frame the ethical problems that obstetricians-gynecologists may encounter include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice. We believe that exposure to ethical principles and study of cases involving ethical issues will be of benefit to the physicians and their patients, and that this exposure takes place before these doctors are placed in the environments and circumstances they might face as they travel to distant locations.

scholarly journals Standard of Care in Clinical Research Involving Human Subjects: A Perspective from Developing World

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waseem Khan ◽  
Sanam Zeib Khan ◽  
Afrasiab Khan Tareen ◽  
Imrana Niaz Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Conducting Research

Standard of care is an ordinary, reasonable formal treatment and diagnostic process that a physician should follow for his/her patient with specific disease. Standard of care followed in one country may not suit to other country; the reason may involve economic conditions, certain norms, beliefs, tradition and culture of that society. It may be considered ethical if it does not exploit human rights and poor vulnerable population, once it exploits the human rights it creates ethical dilemmas that need to be sort out to protect vulnerable population and to make the research more ethical. Patients attending medicine department of Bolan Medical Complex (BMC) Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan were selected randomly interviewed and requested to fill the questionnaire. The ethical issues in clinical research conducted on human population have been perplexing and remains to be the same in clinical research settings. Exploitive use of research participants in resource poor developing countries has intensified the debate on the ethics of international research and led to increasing attention to exploitation of vulnerable study subjects. The issues of conducting research in developing countries will remain and need to be focused and debated where and whenever require. One has to try sincerely to sort out the ethical problems while conducting a research study, he might fail to solve all the issues but the situation may improve by the time if tried sincerely.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v5i2.19617 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014 Vol.5(2):68-72 

Utilising Indigenous Knowledge or Crime against Humanity?: A Critical Engagement with the Debate Generated by Alick Macheso’s Use of Manhood to Treat Nhova (Sunken Fontanelle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Tembo ◽  
Allan Maganga ◽  
Peterson Dewah
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
African Ethics ◽  
Cultural Grounding ◽  
The Face ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Points Of View

 This article presents various points of view regarding the treatment of sunken fontanelle by various communities as ignited by the controversial practice of kutara(a practice that involves the father of a child sliding his penis from the lower part of the left and right cheeks to the top of the head, as well as from the lower part of the face to the top of the head, and from the lower back part of the head to the top). The story of Alick Macheso’s use of his manhood to treat nhova (sunken fontanelle) opened a Pandora’s box. The story not only attracted the attention of critics from diverse cultural and ethical backgrounds, but revealed multi-ethnic positions. That is, reactions were steeped in a multiplicity of intellectual, religious and even cultural grounding. Reactions ranged from accusations of backwardness and absurdity, through to medical and Christian orientations toward the treatment of nhova. The overarching idea is that there is a general tendency to dismiss the age-old practice of kutara,coupled with an uncritical celebration of certain positions. The debate that ensued following publication of the story seemed to revolve around ethical considerations. The school of thought that dismisses kutara with disdain regards it as unethical and unimaginable in the present-day world—it is redolent with insinuations of absurdity on the part of those that live and celebrate it. We contend that the raging debate that followed the publication of the story can best be conceptualised within the context of African ethics. We note that kutara has relevance to the spirituality, ethical values, privacy, and protection of children’s rights, among other ethical issues. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among information practitioners, scholars and researchers into the ethical issues surrounding the treatment of sunken fontanelle in various African communities. It argues for an Afrocentric conceptualisation of phenomena in order to contribute to debates on the renaissance of African cultures, and stresses that it is imperative to harness the life-furthering age-old traditions in African ontological existence.

Crime-Preventing Neurointerventions and the Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
Health Legislation

Anti-libidinal interventions (ALIs) are a type of crime-preventing neurointervention (CPN) already in use in many jurisdictions. This chapter examines different types of legal regimes under which ALIs might be provided to sex offenders. The types of legal regimes examined are dedicated statutes that directly provide for ALI use, consensual ALI provision under general medical law principles, mental health legislation providing for ALI use (exemplified by the mental health regime in England and Wales), and European human rights law as it pertains to ALI provision. The chapter considers what we might learn from ALIs in respect of likely or possible arrangements for the provision of other CPNs, and draws attention to some ethical issues raised by each of these types of regime, worth keeping in mind when considering arrangements for CPN provision.

Recruitment Policies of Non-EU/EEA Nurses and Ethical Issues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angèle Flora Mendy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Ethical Argument ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Institutional Legacies

By examining policies of recruiting non-EU/EEA health workers and how ethical considerations are taken into account when employing non-EU/EEA nurses in the United Kingdom, France, and Switzerland, this chapter intends to show that the use of the so-called ‘ethical’ argument to convince national public opinion of the relevance of restrictive recruitment policies is recent (since the 1990s). The analysis highlights the fact that in addition to the institutional legacies, qualification and skills—through the process of their recognition—play an important role in the opening or restriction of the labour market to health professionals from the Global South. The legacy of the past also largely determines the place offered to non-EU/EEA health professionals in the different health systems of host countries.

Ethical Issues in Clinical Psychology

2010 ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Ethics Code ◽  
Canadian Psychological Association

This chapter examines how ethical issues are approached differently by two prominent psychological associations, how they are encountered by psychologists, the formal complaints they give rise to, and how they can be approached systematically to avoid missteps. Included are basic assumptions about ethics; the unique approaches to developing a ethics code taken by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA), and what each of these two codes provides; empirical data about what ethical problems psychologists encounter and what formal complaints they face; four major sets of ethical issues that are particularly complex and challenging (confidentiality, informed consent, competence, and boundaries); an area of major controversy (clinical psychology and national security); steps in ethical decision-making; and four possible lines of future research.

scholarly journals Ethical Considerations on Pediatric Genetic Testing Results in Electronic Health Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
Shibani Kanungo ◽  
Jayne Barr ◽  
Parker Crutchfield ◽  
Casey Fealko ◽  
Neelkamal Soares
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Genetic Results

Abstract Background Advances in technology and access to expanded genetic testing have resulted in more children and adolescents receiving genetic testing for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. With increased adoption of the electronic health record (EHR), genetic testing is increasingly resulted in the EHR. However, this leads to challenges in both storage and disclosure of genetic results, particularly when parental results are combined with child genetic results. Privacy and Ethical Considerations Accidental disclosure and erroneous documentation of genetic results can occur due to the nature of their presentation in the EHR and documentation processes by clinicians. Genetic information is both sensitive and identifying, and requires a considered approach to both timing and extent of disclosure to families and access to clinicians. Methods This article uses an interdisciplinary approach to explore ethical issues surrounding privacy, confidentiality of genetic data, and access to genetic results by health care providers and family members, and provides suggestions in a stakeholder format for best practices on this topic for clinicians and informaticians. Suggestions are made for clinicians on documenting and accessing genetic information in the EHR, and on collaborating with genetics specialists and disclosure of genetic results to families. Additional considerations for families including ethics around results of adolescents and special scenarios for blended families and foster minors are also provided. Finally, administrators and informaticians are provided best practices on both institutional processes and EHR architecture, including security and access control, with emphasis on the minimum necessary paradigm and parent/patient engagement and control of the use and disclosure of data. Conclusion The authors hope that these best practices energize specialty societies to craft practice guidelines on genetic information management in the EHR with interdisciplinary input that addresses all stakeholder needs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document