Information Technology and the Law

Author(s):  
Samreth Mammoun

In today's globalized society, it is impossible for any country to be isolated and remain disconnected from the information chain. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the growth of information technology and related laws in Cambodia. Additionally, this chapter gives readers an overview of laws related to information technology, explores how information technologies are transforming Cambodian society, and how the Cambodia government interacts with these technologies. This chapter recommends two main actions that Cambodia can implement to enhance freedom of information: honor the guarantee of freedom of expression by ensuring that Internet filters are not introduced and censorship of critical Websites is not allowed and create a clear legal framework that protects and promotes freedom of expression on the Internet. Limitations on Internet content should only be introduced in accordance with international human rights standards.

Author(s):  
Samreth Mammoun

In today's globalized society, it is impossible for any country to be isolated and remain disconnected from the information chain. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the growth of information technology and related laws in Cambodia. Additionally, this chapter gives readers an overview of laws related to information technology, explores how information technologies are transforming Cambodian society, and how the Cambodia government interacts with these technologies. This chapter recommends two main actions that Cambodia can implement to enhance freedom of information: honor the guarantee of freedom of expression by ensuring that Internet filters are not introduced and censorship of critical Websites is not allowed and create a clear legal framework that protects and promotes freedom of expression on the Internet. Limitations on Internet content should only be introduced in accordance with international human rights standards.


BESTUUR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Saidah Fasihah Binti Che Yussoff ◽  
Rohaida Nordin

<p>Malaysia is likely to introduce new laws on freedom of information. However, the important questions are whether the said laws are effective and will have enough bite with the public looking forward to opening government policy. Freedom of information has developed under international human rights law as the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive and impart knowledge and ideas through media, regardless of any frontier. This paper aims to examine freedom of expression under the international realm, scrutinize the said freedom in the Malaysian legal framework, and discuss the proposed enactment of freedom of information laws in Malaysia in conformity with international human rights law. This research uses the qualitative research method. This paper concludes that freedom of information in Malaysia is severely impeded by the enforcement of the Official Secret Act. This paper calls for the repeal or amendment to the Act in conformity with international standards.  </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong> Expression; Freedom; Expression; Human Right.</p>


2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIETRO SULLO

AbstractThis article discusses the Rwandan Law 18/2008 on genocide ideology in the light of international human rights standards. In order to put the genocide ideology law into context, it sketches a brief overview of the post-genocide scenario. Because of the influence that provisions restricting freedom of expression aimed at fighting negationism might exert on testimonies during genocide trials, it pays particular attention to the transitional justice strategies adopted in Rwanda. Finally, it assesses the law on the genocide ideology against the background provided by the measures implemented in some European countries to deal with the phenomenon of negationism.


Author(s):  
Stephen Coleman

This chapter discusses the monitoring of employee e-mail and Internet usage in the context of the international nature of most modern business. Its three main aims are: (1) to highlight the problems involved in discussing an essentially philosophical question within a legal framework, and thus to show that providing purely legal answers to an ethical question is an inadequate approach to the problem of privacy on the Internet; (2) to discuss and define what privacy in the medium of the Internet actually is; and (3) to apply a globally acceptable ethical approach of international human rights to the problem of privacy on the Internet, and thus to answer the question of what is and is not morally permissible in this area. It concludes that the monitoring of an employee’s e-mail and Internet usage is, in the vast majority of cases, an unjustified infringement of the employee’s right to privacy.


Author(s):  
Rhona K. M. Smith

This chapter examines freedom of expression in international human rights law. It discusses the freedom of the press and media; overlap with other rights (correspondence, privacy, and association); and exceptions to freedom of expression. The chapter concludes that the scope of the freedom of expression is still evolving and that international bodies are struggling with the challenges of the information technology age.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Daniel Capodiferro Cubero

Resumen:El objetivo de este trabajo es confrontar la caracterización constitucional y jurisprudencial de la libertad de información con la realidad de su ejercicio a través de Internet, donde no es posible aplicar directamente las soluciones que el Ordenamiento ha ido construyendo para la comunicación por medios analógicos, ya que ésta se basa en la intervención preponderante de los medios de comunicación como canalizadores de la información y moduladores de la opinión pública, otorgando una mínima capacidad de intervención al ciudadano,que esencialmente venía ocupando una posición pasiva. Las nuevas tecnologías de la información han acabado con el monopolio de estos medios, permitiendo a cualquier no profesional convertirse en sujeto activo y participativo de un proceso que ya no es unidireccional, sino que se articula a través de una Red donde todos los intervinientes son receptores y creadores de contenidos, lo cual plantea nuevos retos desde el punto de vista jurídico que son particularmente difíciles de abordar. La regulación de la comunicación, diseñada para un contextoconcreto, se enfrente ahora a una situación donde los mecanismos de control que permiten proteger los derechos de terceros frente a injerencias excesivas o el propio sistema democrático ya no resultan efectivos teniendo en cuenta que más que un proceso social, la comunicación en el entorno digital se plantea en clave individual. La premisa de la información de origen periodístico que se presentaba a través de un medio, que permitía considerar a las libertades comunicativas como una garantía institucional del sistema y les otorgaba una protección reforzada, ya no se cumple, de manera que es necesario cuestionarse si el alcance de la libertad de información de los individuos debe ser equiparable al de los profesionales o hasta qué punto estos pueden seguir gozando de un papel especial en la sociedad digital. En la Red, la vinculación con un medio ha dejado de ser un requisito previo para poder informar de manera efectiva. Basta con gozar de acceso a determinada tecnología para poder hacerlo, lo que lleva a tener que preguntarse en primer lugar hasta qué punto el poder público debe garantizar a los particulares tal posibilidad. En cuanto a la protección de la libertad de información en Internet, quizá convendría focalizar la atención en la formación del sujeto como periodista para identificar a quienes poseen un determinado conocimiento de la técnica y la deontología y, por tanto, están en condiciones de actuar de manera que su aportación no incurra en excesos y contribuya verdaderamente al debate público en términos constructivos. Del mismo modo, conceptos como la veracidad de la información, que además puede tener una nueva aplicación en relación a la publicidad, o la prohibición de censura deben repensarse para poder ser aplicados al entorno digital, pues en ningún caso parece conveniente prescindir de su vigencia. Summary:1. Introduction. 2. The decontextualization of the freedom of expression and information constitutional regulation in the digital environment. 3. Differences between the citizens’ freedom of information and the journalistic activity. 4. The particularities of exercising the freedom of information in the internet. 4.1 The previous constraints for the full exercise of the right. 4.2 The adaptation of the veracity criterion to the Internet reality. 4.3 The possible control of information contents. 5. The commercial communications as a manifestation of the freedom of information in the internet. 6. Conclusions. 7. Bibliography.Abstract:The aim of this paper is to compare the constitutional and jurisprudential characterization of the freedom of information with the reality of its exercise in the Internet, where the classic legal solutions cannot be implemented directly because they are designed for an analogical communication developed by media, which used to work as the only channels of information and modulators of public opinion, putting citizens in a passive position with a minimum capacity to act. The new information technologies have broken the media monopoly, allowing anyone to become an active and participatory subject of a process that is no longer unidirectional, but articulated through a network where all the participants are receivers and creators of content, which poses new legal challenges that are particularly difficult to address. The communication regulations, designed for a specific context, is now facing a reality where its mechanisms of control, intended to protect fundamental rights against excessive interferences and the democratic system itself, are no longer effective considering that now communication is an individual process more than a social one. The premise of the journalistic information presented through a media that substantiated the privileged position of communicative freedoms as institutional guarantees with a reinforced protection is no longer fulfilled, so key questions now are whether the scope of individual freedom of information should be comparable to the professionals’ oneor what role should play journalists in the digital society. Subjects no longer need mass media for effective reporting. They simply have to get access to a specific technology to do so, which opens a new debate: if the public powers should guarantee the access to it and how. With regard to the protection of freedom of information in the Internet, it may be useful to focus attention on the training of the subject as a journalist to identify who possess certain knowledge of the technique and deontology and, therefore, is able to act in a responsible manner contributing to public debate in constructive terms. Likewise, concepts such as the veracity of information, which may also have a new application in relation to advertising, or the prohibition of prior censorship must be reconsidered to their implementation in the digital environment, since it does not seem appropriate to renounce them in digital communications.


2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna Kozhamberdiyeva

AbstractAgainst the framework of international human rights law, this article studies the regulatory approach towards the exercise of the human right to freedom of expression on the Internet in the legal system of the Central Asian state of Uzbekistan. The mechanisms of state censorship of Internet communication for Uzbek citizens and the restrictions that narrow the scope of freedom of expression in the context of the Internet are the issues in focus. The article argues that the Uzbek government, although publicly committed to democracy and respect for the rule of law under the Constitution, favors regulation that undermines the human right to freedom of expression on both legal and ideological grounds—namely, by enforcing the legal rules on information security and the ideological 'idea of national independence'. The article demonstrates that the absence of legal guarantees of the effective exercise of freedom of expression on the Internet reflects upon the general weakness of Uzbekistan's domestic system of human rights protection. This system gives absolute priority to state interests in legitimizing restrictions upon human rights. The article concludes that the impairment of the right to freedom of expression is inevitable in Uzbekistan unless the government makes an effort to pay full respect to human rights and implement in practice its obligations under international human rights law.


Author(s):  
Caterina Flick

Hate speech includes all forms of expression which spread, incite, promote or justify hatred towards a person or group. The expansion of the Internet has marked an important change in the phenomenon, insofar as content is no longer mediated by editors. Hate speech based on ethnic, racial and religious hatred is recognized as a violation of the human rights set out by the European and international standards. This is not the case for sexist hate speech, although this difference is not justified by the data. The lack of a shared regulatory definition leads to shortcomings in, or even the complete absence of victim protection. Gender equality and freedom of expression are interconnected: enabling hate speech against women and girls to go unpunished limits women’s freedom of information and deprives society of their voices. The balance must be struck by finding the tools for free speech. An overview of such tools is the goal of this contribution.


Author(s):  
Rhona K. M. Smith

This chapter examines freedom of expression in international human rights law. It discusses the freedom of the press and media; overlap with other rights (correspondence, privacy, and association); and exceptions to freedom of expression. The chapter concludes that the scope of the freedom of expression is still evolving and that international bodies are struggling with the challenges of the information technology age.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document