On-Orbit Servicing and Active Debris Removal

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
P. J. Blount
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issues ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Space Activities

This chapter examines the legal issues associated with the activities of on-orbit servicing and active debris removal. It addresses these legal issues from the perspective of military, civil, and commercial space activities. It argues that the major international legal challenges for these technologies are avoiding their weaponization in order to use them to provide for the sustainability of the space environment. Further, it argues that the development of domestic authorization regimes will be necessary precursor to the deployment of OOS and ADR.

scholarly journals Assessing the Liability Convention and the Indonesian Space Act in Light of Active Debris Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Runggu Prilia Ardes ◽  
Ridha Aditya Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
High Level

As the orbit in outer space becomes denser, the drive to actively preserve the outer space increases. Active debris removal is the answer to this issue. It serves solemn purposes to maintain the space environment and prevent collision between space objects. This action requires high-level technology and techniques which make it prone to accidents. This article examines the applicability of Liability Convention of 1972 and Indonesian Space Act of 2013 for active debris removal and whether its provisions are sufficient for any future legal issues on this matter. A normative juridical method is used for the analysis. The Space Act from other States like France and Austria will also be briefly mentioned and compared to. At the end, it is concluded that although both of the legal instruments are suitable and applicable for active debris removal, there are still some essential aspects that need to be defined namely property and proof of fault. The paper suggests that it should be emphasized that only catalogued debris can be regarded as property, and that the term “fault” at the minimum should have a modest definition that captures the “deviation from the normal operation”.

scholarly journals THE DIRECTION OF SPACE REGULATION IN GLOBAL DYNAMICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Agus Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Space Tourism ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Remote Sensor ◽  
Space Activities

Space regulation initially acts as the orientation for activities in space which primarily concerns with research and development. As space exploration progresses, the regulation took a more practical direction which covers not only civil but also commercial activities. In line with this, development in commercial space activities took place such as telemetrics, remote sensor, space transportation, space industry, space tourism, space insurance, etc. To ensure that the commercialization of space activities is performed in a peaceful and safe manner as well as in ways that benefit all people, regulations in the form of anticipative laws are needed. These measures cover legal issues. Space commercialization is closely related to many aspects of life such as politics, social, economy, and security and defense which have been experiencing rapid development in that the presence of regulation for modern space law regime becomes an absolute necessity. 

scholarly journals Thermal analysis of space debris for infrared-based active debris removal

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-822
Author(s):  
Özgün Yılmaz ◽  
Nabil Aouf ◽  
Elena Checa ◽  
Laurent Majewski ◽  
Manuel Sanchez-Gestido
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Algorithm Design ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Infrared Signature

In space, visual-based relative navigation systems suffer from dynamic illumination conditions of the target (eclipse conditions, solar glare, etc.) where most of these issues are addressed by advanced mission planning techniques. However, such planning would not be always feasible or even if it is, it would not be straightforward for active debris removal missions. On the other hand, using an infrared-based system would overcome this problem, if a guideline to predict infrared signature of space debris based on the target thermal profile could be provided for algorithm design and testing. Spacecraft thermal design is unique to every platform. This means every active debris removal target will have a different infrared signature, which changes over time not just only due to orbital dynamics but also due to its thermal surface coatings. In order to provide a space debris infrared signature guideline for most of the possible active debris removal targets, we introduce an innovative grouping system for thermal surface coatings based on their behaviour in space environment. Through the use of this grouping system, we propose a space debris infrared signature estimation method, which was extensively verified by our simulations and experiments. During our verifications, we have also discovered very important problem so-called ‘signature ambiguity’ that is unique to infrared-based active debris removal systems, which we have also discussed in our work.

The Impact of Emerging Technologies on the Law of Armed Conflict

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Emerging technologies have always played an important role in armed conflict. From the crossbow to cyber capabilities, technology that could be weaponized to create an advantage over an adversary has inevitably found its way into military arsenals for use in armed conflict. The weaponization of emerging technologies, however, raises challenging legal issues with respect to the law of armed conflict. As States continue to develop and exploit new technologies, how will the law of armed conflict address the use of these technologies on the battlefield? Is existing law sufficient to regulate new technologies, such as cyber capabilities, autonomous weapons systems, and artificial intelligence? Have emerging technologies fundamentally altered the way we should understand concepts such as law-of-war precautions and the principle of distinction? How can we ensure compliance and accountability in light of technological advancement? This book explores these critical questions while highlighting the legal challenges—and opportunities—presented by the use of emerging technologies on the battlefield.

scholarly journals Laws and Emerging Technologies

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Esther Salmerón-Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Way

New technologies and so-called communication and information technologies are transforming our society, the way in which we relate to each other, and the way we understand the world. By a wider extension, they are also influencing the world of law. That is why technologies will have a huge impact on society in the coming years and will bring new challenges and legal challenges to the legal sector worldwide. On the other hand, the new communications era also brings many new legal issues such as those derived from e-commerce and payment services, intellectual property, or the problems derived from the use of new technologies by young people. This will undoubtedly affect the development, evolution, and understanding of law. This Special Issue has become this window into the new challenges of law in relation to new technologies.

Satellite System Design Considering the Blocking Effect: Application to Active Debris Removal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yusuke Oki ◽  
Hiroyuki Okamoto ◽  
Takahiro Sasaki ◽  
Toru Yamamoto ◽  
Keiichi Wada
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal

Active Debris Removal for Mega-constellation Reliability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1043-1061
Author(s):  
Nikita Veliev ◽  
Anton Ivanov ◽  
Shamil Biktimirov
Keyword(s):  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal

scholarly journals International Legal Regulation of Military Outer Space Activities

2012 ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
A. I. Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
International Level ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Space Activities

The publication is devoted to legal issues and prospects of banning weapons in outer space. The international legal basis currently existing in this field governs only certain aspects of use of outer space for military purposes, and it is obviously not enough to prevent the emergence of weapons in outer space. Attempts on the international level in recent years to put legal provisions in place that would establish barriers to an arms race in outer space so far have not been successful. The time is ripe to implement initiatives contributing to the institutionalization of verification activities on non-weaponization of outer space

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