scholarly journals Thermal analysis of space debris for infrared-based active debris removal

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-822
Author(s):  
Özgün Yılmaz ◽  
Nabil Aouf ◽  
Elena Checa ◽  
Laurent Majewski ◽  
Manuel Sanchez-Gestido
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Algorithm Design ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Infrared Signature

In space, visual-based relative navigation systems suffer from dynamic illumination conditions of the target (eclipse conditions, solar glare, etc.) where most of these issues are addressed by advanced mission planning techniques. However, such planning would not be always feasible or even if it is, it would not be straightforward for active debris removal missions. On the other hand, using an infrared-based system would overcome this problem, if a guideline to predict infrared signature of space debris based on the target thermal profile could be provided for algorithm design and testing. Spacecraft thermal design is unique to every platform. This means every active debris removal target will have a different infrared signature, which changes over time not just only due to orbital dynamics but also due to its thermal surface coatings. In order to provide a space debris infrared signature guideline for most of the possible active debris removal targets, we introduce an innovative grouping system for thermal surface coatings based on their behaviour in space environment. Through the use of this grouping system, we propose a space debris infrared signature estimation method, which was extensively verified by our simulations and experiments. During our verifications, we have also discovered very important problem so-called ‘signature ambiguity’ that is unique to infrared-based active debris removal systems, which we have also discussed in our work.

A study of a target identification method for an active debris removal system

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Dong Seong ◽  
Hae-Dong Kim ◽  
Ha-Yeon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Line Element ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Object Type ◽  
System A ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Primary Mission ◽  
Removal System

In a preparatory study conducted prior to the development of an active space debris removal system, a method for selecting target debris based on information such as the cumulative collision probability, the operational condition of objects, and their sizes and launch dates was developed for use in the protection of four Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite constellation satellites. This method can be used to select candidate removal targets. Two-line element data are used to identify threatening objects with high cumulative collision probability. Using information in the Satellite Catalog database, objects smaller than a certain size or objects that are currently operational were excluded from the selection range. The results of an analysis of the cumulative collision probability, object size, object type, and primary mission information showed that the COSMOS 1328, COSMOS 1862, COSMOS 375, and COSMOS 1606 satellites were suitable targets for an active debris removal mission.

scholarly journals Space Debris Removal under Spatial Grasp Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Peter Simon Sapaty
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Satellite Constellations ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Combined Solution ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Minimum Interaction ◽  
High Level

The threats of space debris are enormously high, which are increasing due to launch of multi-satellite constellations, especially in low-Earth orbit, with millions of pieces of junk there. Different passive and active debris removal methods are being developed like self-deorbiting of used satellites, drag sails, mechanical grasps, tethers and nets, also directed energy, lasers including. Space junk is the responsibility of the whole mankind, and the problem of managing space debris is both the international challenge and the opportunity to preserve the space environment for future space exploration missions. The paper shows how self-organized constellation networks of deorbiting satellites can organize multiple cleaning operations autonomously under the developed Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT), with cooperative involvement of the whole network and minimum interaction with costly ground antennas and stations. It also offers a unique solution where most dangerous junk items can themselves be treated as active virtual-physical items freely moving through terrestrial and celestial environments and ultimately finding, by their own initiative, the proper cleaning satellites. This can effectively organize the global junk management and removal problem, where the active junk items can keep initiative of self-removal for any time needed and using any distributed resources. A combined solution is also offered with initial global search for approximate satellite-debris matching, after which the junk is delegated its own initiative to find the absolute match by traveling around the globe as far and as long as required. The paper shows and explains different practical cleaning scenarios in the high-level Spatial Grasp Language (as key element of SGT) and possibilities of quick implementation of the approach.

scholarly journals Assessing the Liability Convention and the Indonesian Space Act in Light of Active Debris Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Runggu Prilia Ardes ◽  
Ridha Aditya Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
High Level

As the orbit in outer space becomes denser, the drive to actively preserve the outer space increases. Active debris removal is the answer to this issue. It serves solemn purposes to maintain the space environment and prevent collision between space objects. This action requires high-level technology and techniques which make it prone to accidents. This article examines the applicability of Liability Convention of 1972 and Indonesian Space Act of 2013 for active debris removal and whether its provisions are sufficient for any future legal issues on this matter. A normative juridical method is used for the analysis. The Space Act from other States like France and Austria will also be briefly mentioned and compared to. At the end, it is concluded that although both of the legal instruments are suitable and applicable for active debris removal, there are still some essential aspects that need to be defined namely property and proof of fault. The paper suggests that it should be emphasized that only catalogued debris can be regarded as property, and that the term “fault” at the minimum should have a modest definition that captures the “deviation from the normal operation”.

On-Orbit Servicing and Active Debris Removal

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-178
Author(s):  
Martin J. Losekamm
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Modelling Methods

This chapter introduces the challenge of space debris and the concepts of on-orbit servicing and active debris removal. The evolution of the debris population is put into a historical perspective, observation and modelling methods are described, and internationally agreed mitigation strategies are briefly introduced. Proposed mission types and the required technologies for servicing and removal activities are detailed and their challenges explained. Where applicable, past, current, and proposed activities are summarized to illustrate the concepts.

scholarly journals Tutorial Review on Space Manipulators for Space Debris Mitigation

Robotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellery
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Space Robotics ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Space Manipulators ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Debris Mitigation ◽  
Physical Manipulation

Space-based manipulators have traditionally been tasked with robotic on-orbit servicing or assembly functions, but active debris removal has become a more urgent application. We present a much-needed tutorial review of many of the robotics aspects of active debris removal informed by activities in on-orbit servicing. We begin with a cursory review of on-orbit servicing manipulators followed by a short review on the space debris problem. Following brief consideration of the time delay problems in teleoperation, the meat of the paper explores the field of space robotics regarding the kinematics, dynamics and control of manipulators mounted onto spacecraft. The core of the issue concerns the spacecraft mounting which reacts in response to the motion of the manipulator. We favour the implementation of spacecraft attitude stabilisation to ease some of the computational issues that will become critical as increasing level of autonomy are implemented. We review issues concerned with physical manipulation and the problem of multiple arm operations. We conclude that space robotics is well-developed and sufficiently mature to tackling tasks such as active debris removal.

On-Orbit Servicing and Active Debris Removal

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
P. J. Blount
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issues ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Space Activities

This chapter examines the legal issues associated with the activities of on-orbit servicing and active debris removal. It addresses these legal issues from the perspective of military, civil, and commercial space activities. It argues that the major international legal challenges for these technologies are avoiding their weaponization in order to use them to provide for the sustainability of the space environment. Further, it argues that the development of domestic authorization regimes will be necessary precursor to the deployment of OOS and ADR.

Active Debris Removal and Space Debris Mitigation using Hybrid Propulsion Solutions

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Stefania Tonetti ◽  
Stefania Cornara ◽  
Martina Faenza ◽  
Onno Verberne ◽  
Tobias Langener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Active Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Debris Mitigation

scholarly journals ORBITAL UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION SUPPORT FOR AUTONOMOUS SPACE DEBRIS OBSERVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 158-160
Author(s):  
H. Jiang ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
H. W. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Line Element ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Human Space Flight ◽  
Conjunction Analysis

The continually increased space debris have posed great impact risks to existing space systems and human space flight. Accurate knowledge of propagation errors of space debris orbit is essential for many types of uses, such as space surveillance network tasking, conjunction analysis etc. Unfortunately, propagation error is not available for a two-line element (TLE). In this paper, a new TLE uncertainty estimation method based on neural network model is proposed. Object properties, space environment and predicted time-span are considered as the input of the network, the propagation errors in the direction of downrange, normal and conormal are as the output of the network. In order to assure the chosen orbit for training is not stable, only debris and rocket bodies are used. The network's effciency is demonstrated with some objects with continuous TLE data. Overall, the method proves accurate, computationally fast, and robust, and is applicable to any object in the satellite catalogue, especially for those newly launched objects.

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