Human Planetary Exploration

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-240
Author(s):  
Sophie Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Hardware Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Planetary Bodies ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Human Exploration

The human exploration of planetary bodies started with the Apollo missions to the Moon, which provided valuable lessons learned and experience for the future human exploration. Based on that, the design of hardware and operations need to further be developed to also overcome the new challenges, which arise when planning crewed missions to Mars and beyond. This chapter provides an overview about the environment and structure of the Red Planet and discusses the challenges on operations and hardware correlated to it. It further provides insights into the considerations regarding the hardware development which need to be investigated and defined before launching a crewed mission to Mars.

Epilogue

2016 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Christian W. McMillen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Challenges

There will be more pandemics. A pandemic might come from an old, familiar foe such as influenza or might emerge from a new source—a zoonosis that makes its way into humans, perhaps. The epilogue asks how the world will confront pandemics in the future. It is likely that patterns established long ago will re-emerge. But how will new challenges, like climate change, affect future pandemics and our ability to respond? Will lessons learned from the past help with plans for the future? One thing is clear: in the face of a serious pandemic much of the developing world’s public health infrastructure will be woefully overburdened. This must be addressed.

scholarly journals The Electron Proton Helium INstrument as an example for a Space Weather Radiation Instrument

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Patrick Kühl ◽  
Bernd Heber ◽  
Raúl Gómez-Herrero ◽  
Olga Malandraki ◽  
Arik Posner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Particle Detectors ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Human Exploration ◽  
Important Design

The near-Earth energetic particle environment has been monitored since the 1970’s. With the increasing importance of quantifying the radiation risk for, e.g. for the human exploration of the Moon and Mars, it is essential to continue and further improve these measurements. The Electron Proton Helium INstrument (EPHIN) on-board SOHO continually provides these data sets to the solar science and space weather communities since 1995. Here, we introduce the numerous data products developed over the years and present space weather related applications. Important design features that have led to EPHINs success as well as lessons learned and possible improvements to the instrument are also discussed with respect to the next generation of particle detectors.

Adapting Tactical Military Structures to the Current and Future Operational Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Paul Tudorache ◽  
Lucian Ispas
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Military Units

AbstractUsing the lessons learned from recent military operations such as Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) from Syria and Iraq, we proposed to investigate the need for tactical military units to adapt operationally to grapple with the most common requirements specific to current operational environments, but also for those that can be foreseen in the future. In this regard, by identifying the best practices in the field that can be met at the level of some important armies, such as USA and UK, we will try to determine a common denominator of most important principles whose application may facilitate both operational and organizational adaptation necessary for tactical military units to perform missions and tasks in the most unknown future operational environments.

Lessons Learned after a Decade of Collaborative Nutrient Removal Research: What’s in the Future?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-623
Author(s):  
JB Neethling ◽  
David Clark ◽  
David Stensel ◽  
Julian Sandino ◽  
Roy Tsuchihashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Bayesian constraints on the origin and geology of exo-planetary material using a population of externally polluted white dwarfs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H D Harrison ◽  
Amy Bonsor ◽  
Mihkel Kama ◽  
Andrew M Buchan ◽  
Simon Blouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
White Dwarf ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
White Dwarfs ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Planetary Bodies ◽  
Nearby Stars

Abstract White dwarfs that have accreted planetary bodies are a powerful probe of the bulk composition of exoplanetary material. In this paper, we present a Bayesian model to explain the abundances observed in the atmospheres of 202 DZ white dwarfs by considering the heating, geochemical differentiation, and collisional processes experienced by the planetary bodies accreted, as well as gravitational sinking. The majority (>60%) of systems are consistent with the accretion of primitive material. We attribute the small spread in refractory abundances observed to a similar spread in the initial planet-forming material, as seen in the compositions of nearby stars. A range in Na abundances in the pollutant material is attributed to a range in formation temperatures from below 1,000 K to higher than 1,400 K, suggesting that pollutant material arrives in white dwarf atmospheres from a variety of radial locations. We also find that Solar System-like differentiation is common place in exo-planetary systems. Extreme siderophile (Fe, Ni or Cr) abundances in 8 systems require the accretion of a core-rich fragment of a larger differentiated body to at least a 3σ significance, whilst one system shows evidence that it accreted a crust-rich fragment. In systems where the abundances suggest that accretion has finished (13/202), the total mass accreted can be calculated. The 13 systems are estimated to have accreted masses ranging from the mass of the Moon to half that of Vesta. Our analysis suggests that accretion continues for 11Myrs on average.

Politics and the Future of ECOSOC

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Padelford
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The United Nations

Economic and social cooperation through the United Nations seems destined to face new challenges and alternatives in the coming years as a result of the changed composition of the United Nations membership, the increased bargaining power of the African, Asian, and other states seeking economic and technical assistance, and the precedent of UN operations in the Congo.

Nutrition as Fuel for Human Spaceflight

Physiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Smith ◽  
Sara R. Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Space Exploration ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Human Spaceflight ◽  
Human Exploration ◽  
History Books

History books are rife with examples of the role of nutrition in determining either the success or the failure of human exploration on Earth. With planetary exploration in our future, it is imperative that we understand the role of nutrition in optimizing health before humans can safely take the next giant leaps in space exploration.

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