The Case of Public Capital Budgeting and Management Process in Germany

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Natalia B. Ermasova
Keyword(s):  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Public Budgeting ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Budgeting Process

This chapter presents an analysis of four main components of the German capital budgeting system including (1) long-term public capital planning, (2) annual public budgeting and financing, (3) project execution, and (4) public infrastructure evaluation. Germany provides good conditions for capital investments. This chapter explains main reasons for it: institutional framework, healthy public finance, structural reform, and special investment and redemption fund that gave a boost to investments in infrastructure. This case describes the capital budgeting process in Germany and explains the recent trends of public capital investments.

Public Capital Budgeting and Management Process in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-133
Author(s):  
Natalia B. Ermasova ◽  
Polina Ermasova
Keyword(s):  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Main Components

This chapter provides a case study from Russia regarding public capital budgeting and management at the federal, state, and local levels. This chapter presents an analysis of four main components of Russian capital budgeting system including (1) long-term public capital planning, (2) annual public budgeting and financing, (3) project execution, and (4) public infrastructure evaluation. This research explains the general challenges of capital budgeting process after the several decades of financial and budget reforms. This chapter presents the structure and classification of the capital budget as well as recent trends in capital expenditure levels in Russia. The authors review the capital resource allocations across sectors based on investment needs and national priorities in Russia. The chapter explains public investment management processes and presents recommendations to improve the efficiency of public capital budgeting in Russia.

The Case of Public Capital Budgeting and Management Processes in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia B. Ermasova ◽  
Carol Ebdon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Positive Theory ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Main Components

This chapter provides a case study from the United States regarding public capital budgeting and management on the federal, state, and local levels. The U.S. case of the public investment process (or positive theory for United States public investment) is described and compared with the normative theory outlined in Chapter 1 to understand the deviation between the positive and normative theories. This chapter presents an analysis of four main components of the USA capital budgeting system including (1) long-term public capital planning, (2) annual public budgeting and financing, (3) project execution, and (4) public infrastructure evaluation. In addition, this chapter shows public infrastructure needs and financing issues in the United States.

scholarly journals A Systematic Public Capital Management and Budgeting Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwiphawee Srithongrung ◽  
Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf ◽  
Kenneth A. Kriz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Normative Practices ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Infrastructure Maintenance ◽  
Budgeting Process

This chapter introduces the readers to a public capital management and budgeting process and its role in generating public infrastructure networks. The main purpose of the chapter is to describe the normative public capital management and budgeting practices that are recommended by the public finance literature. These normative practices are segregated into four main components: (1) long-term capital planning, (2) capital budgeting and financial management, (3) capital project execution and project management, and (4) infrastructure maintenance. Given that the literature recommends specific practices to maximize efficiency in public capital spending, the four main components, combined, are referred to as the systematic capital management and budgeting process. The systematic process discussed in detail in this chapter is used as a common framework for each of the 12 country case studies in describing their respective public capital management and budgeting practices.

Thai Public Capital Budget and Management Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 206-235
Author(s):  
Arwiphawee Srithongrung ◽  
Kenneth A. Kriz
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Capacity

This chapter describes the public capital budgeting process in Thailand. Public infrastructure is very centralized; local governments do not play a large role in public infrastructure investment. The country's long-term physical planning is fragmented and lacks an effective long-term fiscal planning. The budget process is dominated by senior civil servants in the Bureau of the Budget, the Ministry of Finance, Bank of Thailand, and the National Economic and Social Development Board. Expensive projects financed by long-term debt bypass the budget process, and as a result, a comprehensive list of annually approved projects is unavailable to the public. This leads to public investment being driven almost entirely by debt capacity. Because of these factors, Thai governments have invested too little in public infrastructure, and the infrastructure investment is uneven across sectors.

scholarly journals A Systematic Public Capital Management and Budgeting Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 598-619
Author(s):  
Arwiphawee Srithongrung ◽  
Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf ◽  
Kenneth A. Kriz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Normative Practices ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Infrastructure Maintenance ◽  
Budgeting Process

This chapter introduces the readers to a public capital management and budgeting process and its role in generating public infrastructure networks. The main purpose of the chapter is to describe the normative public capital management and budgeting practices that are recommended by the public finance literature. These normative practices are segregated into four main components: (1) long-term capital planning, (2) capital budgeting and financial management, (3) capital project execution and project management, and (4) infrastructure maintenance. Given that the literature recommends specific practices to maximize efficiency in public capital spending, the four main components, combined, are referred to as the systematic capital management and budgeting process. The systematic process discussed in detail in this chapter is used as a common framework for each of the 12 country case studies in describing their respective public capital management and budgeting practices.

Capital Budgeting and Public Investment Projects in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Olha Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

This chapter discusses the budget process for public capital investments in Ukraine, presents controversies in the current process, and offers several avenues for improvement. In doing so, the author provides a description of the country's normative capital public budgeting framework, presents the institutional setup, and tracks Ukraine's public capital expenditure trends for nearly three decades (1991-2016). The study then discusses implementation, audit, and performance issues in Ukraine's public capital expenditure management and provides recommendations. Because of the country's limited fiscal capacity as compared to its massive infrastructure needs, the author posits that Ukraine can no longer afford to delay or ignore its most pressing public capital investment needs. Because the current list of capital investment proposals is underfunded and too long, the author suggests that the government focuses on finishing strategic, high-priority public projects, while other capital spending proposals target private sector financing once it becomes more readily available.

Public Capital Budgeting and Management Process in Moldova

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-156
Author(s):  
Erica Ceka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Investment Management ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
Infrastructure Maintenance

As Moldova works toward building democracy and sustainable development, it is focusing its attention on increasing the effectiveness of public capital investment management. The chapter summarizes the current legal framework and practices in the field of capital management and budgeting in Moldova and compares the processes with a normative framework for effective capital investment management, focusing on capital planning, capital financial management, capital project execution and management, and public infrastructure maintenance. The analysis demonstrates that the public capital management and budgeting process in Moldova at the level of planning, allocation, and implementation of capital budgets falls short of its potential. The case reveals that despite a promising budgetary reform and comprehensive legal framework, the process of capital budgeting and management in Moldova remains ineffective due to institutional, economic, and political constraints.

Recent Trends in Long-Term Bank Funding

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cardillo ◽  
Andrea Zaghini
Keyword(s):  
Bank Funding ◽  
Recent Trends

A Review on Recent Trends in Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Environmental Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
Malolan Rajagopal ◽  
Abhishek Krishnan ◽  
Shweta Kolathur Sreerama
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution

Background: Depletion and contamination of environmental resources such as water, air and soil caused by human activities is an increasingly important challenge faced around the world. The consequences of environmental pollution are felt acutely by all living beings, both on a short and long-term basis, thereby making methods of remediation of environmental pollution an urgent requirement. Objectives: The objective of this review is to dissect the complications caused by environmental degradation, highlight advancements in the field of nanotechnology and to scrutinize its applications in environmental remediation. Furthermore, the review aims to concisely explain the merits and drawbacks of nanotechnology compared to existing methods. Conclusion: The current and potential applications of nanomaterials and nanocomposites in the prevention, control and reduction of air, water and soil pollution and the mechanisms involved have been elucidated, as have their various merits and demerits. The applications of nanotechnology in the fields of carbon capture and agriculture have also received attention in this review.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Youth Concussions: A Brief Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272098505
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Askow ◽  
Jacob L. Erickson ◽  
Andrew R. Jagim
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Large Health Care System

Objectives Concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries are important medical issues, particularly among youth as the long-term health consequences of these injuries can become increasingly problematic. The purpose of this study was to examine recent trends in diagnosed concussions among pediatric patients in a large health care system. Methods This was a retrospective, population-based epidemiology study design that queried all patient files (pediatrics included) using electronic medical health records and further stratified patients based on type of concussion, age, sex, and year from 2013 to 2018. Results Electronic health records from a cohort of 8 832 419 (nmales = 4 246 492; nfemales = 4 585 931) patient visits were assessed for concussion diagnosis and filtered for those whose concussive event led to a loss of consciousness (LOC) or not (nLOC). Of these patients, 12 068 were diagnosed with a concussion (LOC = 3 699; nLOC = 8 369) with an overall incidence rate of 1.37 concussions per 1000 patients. Overall, the number of patients diagnosed with a concussion increased by 5063 (LOC = 1351; nLOC = 3712) from 2013 to 2018. Males and females presented with similar rates of concussions 5919 (49.05%) and 6149 concussions (50.95%), respectively. Of total diagnosed concussions, 4972 (LOC = 815; nLOC = 4157) were under the age of 18 and represented 41.2% of all diagnosed concussions with an incidence rate of 6.79 per 1000 patients. Conclusion The number of concussions diagnosed appear to be on the rise with the largest number of concussions being diagnosed in those under the age of 18. Future studies should seek to determine primary causality and the long-term health implications of concussions with or without LOC.

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