Being and Belonging

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-154
Keyword(s):  
African Women ◽  
Double Jeopardy ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Black African ◽  
The Uk ◽  
African Entrepreneurship

This chapter analyzes the themes of “assimilation” or “alienation” in the UK from the perspective of the Black African entrepreneurship dovetailing into the issue of double jeopardy against women. The objective is to highlight the perceived sense of inclusion or exclusion among the entrepreneurs and incidentally raise the issue of the penalties around African women entrepreneurship in the UK.

scholarly journals Postmodernism, ethnicity, and celebrity culture in women’s symbolic consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayantunji Gbadamosi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
African Women ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Symbolic Consumption ◽  
Black African ◽  
Celebrity Culture ◽  
The Uk

Although postmodernism and celebrity culture are closely linked, research attention on this has not been adequately synthesized with ethnic minority groups. Hence, this article, which is rooted in an interpretive research paradigm, explores the symbolic consumption of Black African women in the UK with specific reference to celebrity culture. Although the study shows some purchase decisions based on products’ functionality, generally, it shows the robust interplay of personal, cultural, social, and commercial factors in the symbolic consumption of these women. This is shown to be linked to the prevalent celebrity culture in the society. They consume to enhance their self-esteem and keep up with the societal trend in the host environment. Hence, the notion of acculturation features prominently in their consumption. The article extends the discourse on the extant ethnic minority studies and augments the current knowledge about symbolic consumption especially with reference to Black African women.

Black African Entrepreneurship in the UK

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-89
Keyword(s):  
Black Africans ◽  
Black African ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
African Entrepreneurship

This chapter appraises the general literature of immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship linking it with the evaluation of the nature and characteristics of the entrepreneurial activities of Black Africans in the UK. It aims to understand, within this context, the process, challenges, attribution, and outcome of their entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Hedonism and luxury fashion consumption among Black African women in the UK: an empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiana Mbang Emmanuel-Stephen ◽  
Ayantunji Gbadamosi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
African Women ◽  
Luxury Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Black African ◽  
Brand Relationship ◽  
Luxury Products ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeAlthough consumption is a universal phenomenon, it is characterised with considerable degree of diversity in relation to various factors such as culture, age, gender, ethnicity and many others. Accordingly, more often than not, these factors underpin consumers' reactions to different market offerings including luxury products. While a plethora of scholarship efforts are evident in the extant literature in regards to luxury consumption, there is dearth of studies around how this is linked hedonism and ethnic consumers. Hence, this paper aims to fill a palpable gap in the literature by exploring the UK Black African women's taste for luxury fashion consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe study is interpretive in nature with the use of 20 in-depth interviews conducted with Black African women through the use of snowballing and purposive sampling methods.FindingsThe study shows that the respondents' motivation for luxury consumption is driven by success and evolutionary motives, belongingness, societal pressures, cultural connection, anthropomorphism, consumer brand relationship and hedonism.Originality/valueApart from the theoretical implication of the study, which revolves around extending the discourse of taste in consumption and ethnic consumer behaviour, the paper will be greatly beneficial for marketing practitioners, especially in the area of segmentation, targeting and positioning vis-à-vis the marketing of luxury products.

Untangling discrimination in the private sector workplace in South Africa: Paving the way for Black African women progression to managerial positions

2021 ◽  
pp. 135822912199056
Author(s):  
Motlhatlego Dennis Matotoka ◽  
Kolawole Olusola Odeku
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
The South ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Black African ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
Action Measures

Black African women in South Africa are poorly represented at managerial levels in the South African private sector since the advent of democracy. Their exclusion at these occupational levels persists despite the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 (EEA) requiring that the private sector must ensure that all occupational levels are equitably represented and reflects the demographics of South Africa. The South African private sector demonstrates its lack of commitment to proliferating black African women into managerial positions by deliberately engaging in race-based recruitment and failing to develop and promote suitably qualified women into managerial positions. As such, the private sector is failing to create upward mobility for black African women to break the glass ceiling. The EEA requires the private sector to apply affirmative action measures in order to achieve equity in the workplace. It is submitted that since 1998, the private sector has been provided with an opportunity to set it own targets in order to achieve equity. However, 22 years later, black African women are still excluded in key managerial positions. However, the EEA does not specifically impose penalties if the private sector fails to achieve the set targets.This approach has failed to increase the representation of black women in managerial positions. However, the EEA does not specifically impose penalties if the private sector fails to achieve the set targets. Whilst this approach seeks to afford the private sector importunity to set its own target, this approach has failed to increase the representation of black women in managerial positions. Employing black African women in managerial levels enhances their skills and increases their prospects to promotions and assuming further leadership roles in the private sector. This paper seeks to show that the progression of black African women requires South Africa to adopt a quota system without flexibility that will result in the private sector being compelled to appoint suitably qualified black African women in managerial levels.

scholarly journals Kawasaki disease: a prospective population survey in the UK and Ireland from 2013 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M R Tulloh ◽  
Richard Mayon-White ◽  
Anthony Harnden ◽  
Athimalaipet V Ramanan ◽  
E Jane Tizard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Ivig Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Black African ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveKawasaki disease (KD) is an increasingly common vasculitis with risk of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). The last UK survey was in 1990, whereas current epidemiology, treatment patterns and complication rates are unknown. The aim of this study was to address this knowledge gap.MethodsA British Paediatric Surveillance Unit survey in the UK and Ireland from 1 January 2013 to 28 February 2015 ascertained demographics, ethnicity, seasonal incidence, treatment and complication rates.Results553 cases were notified: 389 had complete KD, 46 had atypical KD and 116 had incomplete KD; 2 were diagnosed at postmortem with an incidence of 4.55/100 000 children under 5 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1 and a median age of 2.7 years (2.5 months–15 years). Presentation was highest in January and in rural areas. Most were white (64%), and Chinese and Japanese Asians were over-represented as were black African or African mixed-race children. 94% received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The overall CAA rate was 19%, and all-cardiac complications affected 28%. Those with CAA received IVIG later than in those without (median 10 days vs 7 days). Those under 1 year had fewer symptoms, but the highest CAA rate (39%). Overall 8 of 512 cases (1.6%) had giant CAA, and 4 of 86 cases (5%) under 1 year of age developed giant CAA. Mortality from KD was 0.36%.ConclusionsThe UK and Ireland incidence of KD has increased and is more frequently seen in winter and rural areas. Delayed IVIG treatment is associated with CAA, suggesting earlier and adjunctive primary treatment might reduce complications to prevent CAA, particularly in the very young.

scholarly journals Breast cancer screening uptake among women from different ethnic groups in London: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth H Jack ◽  
Henrik Møller ◽  
Tony Robson ◽  
Elizabeth A Davies
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Population Based ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black African ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Caribbean

ObjectiveTo use newly available self-assigned ethnicity information to investigate variation in breast cancer screening uptake for women from the 16 specific ethnic groups within the broad Asian, Black and White groups that previous studies report.SettingNational cancer screening programme services within London.Participants655 516 female residents aged 50–69, invited for screening between March 2006 and December 2009. Ethnicity information was available for 475 478 (72.5%). White British women were the largest group (306 689, 46.8%), followed by Indian (34 687, 5.3%), White Other (30 053, 4.6%), Black Caribbean (25 607, 3.9%), White Irish (17 271, 2.6%), Black African (17 071, 2.6%) and Asian Other (10 579, 1.6%).Outcome measuresUptake for women in different ethnic groups aged 50–52 for a first call invitation to the programme, and for women aged 50–69 for a routine recall invitation after a previous mammography. Uptake is reported (1) for London overall, adjusted using logistic regression, for age at invitation, socioeconomic deprivation and geographical screening area, and (2) for individual areas, adjusted for age and deprivation.ResultsWhite British women attended their first call (67%) and routine recall (78%) invitations most often. Indian women were more likely to attend their first (61%) or routine recall (74%) than Bangladeshi women (43% and 61%, respectively), and Black Caribbean women were more likely than Black African women to attend first call (63% vs 49%, respectively) and routine recall (74% vs 64%, respectively). There was less variation between ethnic groups in some screening areas.ConclusionsBreast cancer screening uptake in London varies by specific ethnic group for first and subsequent invitations, with White British women being more likely to attend. The variation in the uptake for women from the same ethnic groups in different geographical areas suggests that collaboration about the successful engagement of services with different communities could improve uptake for all women.

scholarly journals 925Ethnic differences and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Sutherland ◽  
Ang Zhou ◽  
Matthew Leach ◽  
Elina Hyppönen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Black African ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Summer Time

Abstract Background While controversy remains regarding optimal vitamin D status, the public health relevance of true vitamin D deficiency is undisputed. There are few contemporary cross-ethnic studies investigating the prevalence and determinants of very low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Methods We used data from 440,581 UK Biobank participants, of which 415,903 identified as white European, 7,880 Asian, 7,602 black African, 1,383 Chinese, and 6,473 of mixed ancestry. 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by DiaSorin Liaison XL and deficiency defined as ≤ 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D. Results The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was highest among participants of Asian ancestry (57.2% in winter/spring and 50.8% in summer/autumn; followed by black African [38.47%/30.78%], mixed ancestry [36.53%/22.48%], Chinese [33.12%/20.68%] and white European [17.45%/5.90%], P < 1.0E-300). Participants with higher socioeconomic deprivation were more likely to have 25(OH)D deficiency compared to less deprived (P < 1.0E-300 for all comparisons), with the pattern being more apparent among those of white European ancestry and in summer (Pinteraction<6.4E-5 for both). In fully-adjusted analyses, regular consumption of oily fish was effective in mitigating ≤25 nmol/L 25(OH)D deficiency across all ethnicities, whilst outdoor-summer time was less effective for black Africans than white Europeans (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.12 and OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.42, respectively). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency remains an issue throughout the UK, particularly in lower socioeconomic areas and the UK Asian population, half of whom have vitamin D deficiency across seasons. Key messages The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the UK is alarming, with certain ethnic and socioeconomic groups considered particularly vulnerable.

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