A Normative Practice Approach to Health Care

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-184
Author(s):  
Gerrit Glas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Normative Practice ◽  
Point Of Reference

This chapter explains how and why healthcare might profit from a normative practice approach (NPA). This approach sketches a conceptual and normative framework that helps to locate and identify relevant points of view for clinical practice as well as for policy making in healthcare. The chapter starts in medias res: in the consulting room, in the encounter between clinician and patient. What kinds of relations are relevant for the understanding of what is going in the patient who feels ill and between the patient and the doctor (or nurse)? Are there normative principles and values which guide these relationships? The focus then broadens to the meso- and macro-contexts of current medicine and healthcare. The NPA will be re-introduced. Its relevance is shown for topics like the increase in the administrative burden in medicine, the role of expert knowledge, the hospital and its purposes, and the changing focus of medicine given the rapid changes in the macro-sphere. The chapter ends by saying that the NPA may help in different ways: by taking it as a point of reference; by relating the different normative dimensions to core responsibilities of doctors, other employees, and stakeholders beside medical professionals; and by relating these core responsibilities to the relevant contexts in which these doctors, other employees, and stakeholders are working.

Considering Spirituality in Occupational Therapy Practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Egan ◽  
M. Denise Delaat
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Therapy Guidelines

Despite its prominent place in the Occupational Therapy Guidelines for client-centred practice, the exact role of spirituality in clinical practice has been difficult to delineate. In this paper current concepts of spirituality are outlined and ways in which these concepts have been applied in health care are described. To illustrate these spiritual concepts, the experiences of individuals whom the authors have met in their clinical practice are outlined in a series of vignettes. Finally, a revision of the model of occupational performance which enhances consideration of spirituality in occupational therapy practice is proposed, and some guidelines for occupational therapists wishing to incorporate spiritual concerns in therapy are suggested.

scholarly journals Medical Ethics in Clinical Practice in Nepal: Challenges and Way Forward

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Shristi Raut ◽  
Anand Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Treatment Providers ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Hospital Ethics

Ethics for health care professional have many components. Among them, medical ethics is one of the important but neglected component which deals with issues related to confidentiality, beneficence and non-maleficence between health care providers and stake holders. Four basic principles of medical ethics are autonomy, justice, beneficence and non- maleficence which form the foundation of ethical clinical practice. The level of knowledge on medical ethics that medical students receive during the training is meagre and inadequate. In recent years, clinical practice has become more challenging. This is primarily due to increased opposition, aggression and violence against medical professionals at health care settings. As a result, the gap between clinicians and patients is increasing leading to diminishing trust and real/perceived allegations. In addition, the widening gap between doctors and patients has provided a space for middle men/broker to meddle, oppose and flare up the violence against treatment providers. Doctors and other medical professionals have been increasingly facing such challenges leading to circumspection in their practice, despondence, psychosocial trauma and depression. There is an urgent need of incorporation of medical ethics in undergraduate curriculum and independent hospital ethics committee consisting of experts from the hospital and outside to monitor and provide rational reasons to minimize such challenges.

Antimicrobial Stewardship: The Role of Vascular Access Teams

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Ruth Carrico ◽  
Timothy Wiemken
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Interprofessional Teams

Abstract Interventions that address the increasing threat of multidrug resistance are the responsibility of all health care disciplines. Vascular access teams ensure that vascular access needs are met, facilitating antimicrobial agent administration. Competent vascular access practice includes participation on interprofessional teams and provision of expert knowledge that enables medication administration and process monitoring.

The role of the pharmacist in the treatment of asthma – it’s not just the drug that matters

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-444
Author(s):  
Marek Postuła
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Inhaler Technique ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inhalation Devices

Appropriate selection and correct use of inhalation devices is an integral component in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is well known that there are many challenges with the use of inhalers, and no one device suits all patients. Importantly, education and support is crucial, not only to enable patients to recognize the need for optimal disease management, but also to help them develop good inhaler technique. In addition, health care professionals should also aim to increase their knowledge of the devices they prescribe and develop systems to ensure that they offer comprehensive support to patients in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Role of Reflection in Narrative Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 238212051878530 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Murphy ◽  
Berkeley A Franz ◽  
Christian Schlaerth
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Narrative Medicine ◽  
Medical Encounter ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Vital Part

Reflection has become an important tool for physicians and other medical practitioners. However, many forms of reflection exist in the health care literature, with each having particular implications for successful clinical practice. Very little attention has been given to whether reflection is a vital part of narrative medicine and which forms of reflection might be compatible with this approach to patient care. In this article, the most common types of reflection are compared and discussed, specifically regarding their potential role in narrative medicine. Reflection that encourages practitioners to focus on the various perspectives shared within a medical encounter is both in line with the tenets of narrative medicine and has important consequences for patient empowerment.

Addressing current and future challenges for the NHS: the role of good leadership

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte Elton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medical Leadership

Purpose This paper aims to describe and analyse some of the ways in which good leadership can enable those working within the National Health Service (NHS) to weather the changes and difficulties likely to arise in the coming years, and takes the format of an essay written by the prize-winner of the Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management's Student Prize. The Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management ran its inaugural Student Prize in 2015-2016, which aimed at medical students with an interest in medical leadership. In running the Prize, the Faculty hoped to foster an enthusiasm for and understanding of the importance of leadership in medicine. Design/methodology/approach The Faculty asked entrants to discuss the role of good leadership in addressing the current and future challenges faced by the NHS, making reference to the Leadership and Management Standards for Medical Professionals published by the Faculty in 2015. These standards were intended to help guide current and future leaders and were grouped into three categories, namely, self, team and corporate responsibility. Findings This paper highlights the political nature of health care in the UK and the increasing impetus on medical professionals to navigate debates on austerity measures and health-care costs, particularly given the projected deficit in NHS funding. It stresses the importance of building organisational cultures prizing transparency to prevent future breaches in standards of care and the value of patient-centred approaches in improving satisfaction for both patients and staff. Identification of opportunities for collaboration and partnership is emphasised as crucial to assuage the burden that lack of appropriate social care places on clinical services. Originality/value This paper offers a novel perspective – that of a medical student – on the complex issues faced by the NHS over the coming years and utilises a well-regarded set of standards in conceptualising the role that health professionals have to play in leading the NHS.

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON THE ROLE OF ETHICS EDUCATION FOR THEIR FUTURE MEDICAL PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Leventi ◽  
Alexandrina Vodenitcharova ◽  
Kristina Popova ◽  
Kremena Ivanova ◽  
Svetlin Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Medical Ethics Education

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, in different ways, ethical dilemmas arise in medicine and life sciences. It is critical for medical professionals to respond with confidence when ethical challenges are addressed in their clinical practice. Medical ethics and bioethics education is recognized as an essential course of the medical curriculum. The course aims to provide students with knowledge and competencies on dealing with moral problems. OBJECTIVES: In this article, we aim to explore students’ views about the importance and role of medical ethics education for their future practice. Their suggestions on specific medical ethics and bioethics topics were also considered, as well as previous knowledge on ethics before they enrolled in university. METHODS: A paper questionnaire was developed and distributed among first-year foreign medical students from the Faculty of Medicine in the Medical University-Sofia in Bulgaria. All students participated in the study anonymously and voluntarily. The study was conducted during January and February 2020. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were received from 366 medical students. Data collected demonstrates that only 19% of the students were taught ethics before enrolling in university and covered topics on philosophy and ethics, civil and human rights. The majority (92%) of the responders believe that the study of medical ethics and bioethics helps medical professionals to improve their skills in identifying ethical problems in their everyday practice. Interesting were the suggestions for topics in medical ethics and bioethics that needed further study during lectures and seminars and included principles of medical ethics and bioethics, ethical behavior in medicine and health care, ethical dimensions of new technologies in health care, ethical dimensions of clinical decisions and patients’ quality of life, ethics and health management. CONCLUSIONS: Medical ethics education is significant for future physicians, helping them to improve their skills in identifying ethical issues, and base their decisions on fundamental ethical principals in their everyday practice. Attention should be given to topics related to principles of medical ethics, models of patient-physician relationships, new technologies in health care, ethics and health policy. 

scholarly journals Improving the Formation of the Kazakhstan National Drug Formulary to Increase the Rational Use of Medicines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (37) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Gulzira Zhussupova ◽  
◽  
Didar Baidullayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Drug Formulary ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Medicines ◽  
National Drug

Abstract Kazakhstan national drug formulary form is defined as - a list of medicines with proven clinical safety and efficacy, as well as orphan (rare) drugs, which is a mandatory basis for the development of medicinal formularies of medical organizations and formation of lists of procurement of medicines within the guaranteed volume of free medical care and in the system of compulsory social health insurance in the Code “On public health and health care system”. Health research data show that in 18% of cases, non-KNF drugs were prescribed in Nur-Sultan medical organizations, 86% of healthcare organizations did not analyze rational use of financial costs for medicines and analyzes of drug consumption, 90% of medicines are assigned by trade name. At the same time, polypharmacy, excessive prescription of antibiotics and injection drugs are noted. The lack of a systematic understanding of the role of CNF in the rational use of drugs reduces the effectiveness of the measures taken. The value of the Kazakhstan National Drug Formulary for the health care of the Republic of Kazakhstan is enormous, for example, for clinicians it is a public resource for doctors and serves as a reference book on medicines and pharmacotherapy based on evidence-based medicine, as well as a guide to integrate Kazakhstan's usual clinical practice into international best practice, in addition to educational a guide providing continuing education in clinical pharmacology and a restrictive list of drugs recommended for routine use in routine clinical practice. For the population, it plays the role of a guideline in the provision of medicines within the guaranteed volume of medical care and in the system of compulsory social health insurance, as well as guidance on involving civil society in the process of monitoring the rational use of medicines. This policy brief shows three policy options and visions for implementing policy options. At the same time, the existing legislative framework of Kazakhstan has all the necessary conditions to support the implementation of the proposed policy options, however, the main barriers to the implementation of policy options may be a lack of human resources, unethical promotion of medicines on the market, lack of support from the authorized body in the field of health, and there is also a lack of understanding by medical workers and the public of the role of the Kazakhstan national formulary in the rational use of medicines.

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