The Economic Determinants of Food Security in the MENA Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ali Koç ◽  
Oznur Ozdamar ◽  
Peyman Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Future

This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the food insecurity examining the relationship of important economic,social and natural factors with an overall food insecurity index that derived by dividing the food imports value to the sum of total exports and the net remittance inflows. Overall analysis is made by employing panel-data methods using a dataset that covers 18MENA countries and Turkey for the period of 1990-2014.Emprical results support the evidence of the harmful effect of price increases on food security. Furthermore, significance of education related variables and fresh water withdrawals indicate that the region has had benefit from nearly 30 years investment on education and intensive water exploitation, although poor water management and great waste of irrigation will most likely have negative effects on food security in the near future.

The Economic Determinants of Food Security in the MENA Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ali Koç ◽  
Oznur Ozdamar ◽  
Peyman Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Future

This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the food insecurity examining the relationship of important economic,social and natural factors with an overall food insecurity index that derived by dividing the food imports value to the sum of total exports and the net remittance inflows. Overall analysis is made by employing panel-data methods using a dataset that covers 18MENA countries and Turkey for the period of 1990-2014.Emprical results support the evidence of the harmful effect of price increases on food security. Furthermore, significance of education related variables and fresh water withdrawals indicate that the region has had benefit from nearly 30 years investment on education and intensive water exploitation, although poor water management and great waste of irrigation will most likely have negative effects on food security in the near future.

scholarly journals Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Food

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the largest water deficit in the world. It also has the least food self-sufficiency. Increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water savings and hence to increased water security. However, increased domestic food production is a better way to achieve food security, even if irrigation demands an increase in accordance with projected climate changes. Accordingly, the trade-off between food security and the savings of water and land through food trade is considered to be a significant factor for resource management, especially in the MENA region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of food trade on food security and water–land savings in the MENA region. We concluded that the MENA region saved significant amounts of national water and land based on the import of four major crops, namely, barley, maize, rice, and wheat, within the period from 2000 to 2012, even if the food self-sufficiency is still at a low level. For example, Egypt imported 8.3 million t yr−1 of wheat that led to 7.5 billion m3 of irrigation water and 1.3 million ha of land savings. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products and analyzed the structure of VWT in the MENA region using degree and eigenvector centralities. The study revealed that the MENA region focused more on increasing the volume of virtual water imported during the period 2006–2012, yet little attention was paid to the expansion of connections with country exporters based on the VWT network analysis.

scholarly journals Food Security Condition of Landless People in a Char Area of Rangpur District

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shahiduzzaman ◽  
MZ Rahman ◽  
MJ Hoque ◽  
MS Arefin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Calorie Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of

The study was conducted to investigate the food security condition of households of landless char people at Purba Isli village of Lakshmitary union, Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur District. Data were collected from a random sample of 80 where the total landless char people were 400. A structured interview schedule was used for collecting data during April to May 2012. Food security condition of households of landless char people was measured on the basis of their per capita calorie consumption per day. Coefficient of correlation (r) was computed to explore relationship of the respondents’ selected characteristics and their food security condition. More than half (57.5 per cent) of the households were food secure and energy intake was 2122 kcal/person/day. On the other hand, 21.3 per cent household were food insecure and consumed between 1805 and 2121 kcal/person/ day and 21.3 per cent households were found severely food insecure and calorie intake was less than 1805 kcal/person/day. Thus, it can be concluded that nearly half of the landless char people were food insecure. Landless char people’s year of schooling, landlessness category, annual household income, training experience, and credit received, extension media contact, involvement in NGO, perceived strategies to cope with food insecurity and perception of organizational food insecurity mitigation initiatives had significant positive relationship with their household food security condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19180 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 281 - 289, 2013

scholarly journals Food insecurity among newcomer refugees in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shafique
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Negative Effects

In Canada, grocery stores and supermarket shelves display a wide variety of food for consumers. However, newcomer refugees face different challenges in terms of the availability and accessibility of sufficient, nutritionally adequate and culturally familiar foods for consumption upon arrival to Canada that interrupt their integration process in a new society. This study will provide a review of the literature on food insecurity among newcomer refugees in Canada from 2009-2019. This review, demonstrates that refugees in Canada suffer higher incidents of food insecurity than immigrants and Canadians. Existing research also indicate that food security in the case of refugees need to be perceived more than availability and accessibility of safe and nutritious foods, require provision of culturally acceptable foods. Access to culturally familiar foods may not be possible in many instances, but the negative effects of such challenges put refugees in situations of stress and anxiety in their new home. Key Words: Newcomer; Refugees; Settlement; food insecurity; food security; food availability; accessibility; culturally acceptability.

scholarly journals Importance of fish for food and nutrition security among First Nations in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (S1) ◽  
pp. 64-80
Author(s):  
Lesya Marushka ◽  
Malek Batal ◽  
Constantine Tikhonov ◽  
Tonio Sadik ◽  
Harold Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Environment Study

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationships between fish/seafood consumption patterns and food security status among First Nations (FN) communities in Canada. We estimated the contribution of fish/seafood to daily nutrient requirements. Barriers to traditional food (TF) access including fish were summarized. Methods Data were collected by the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018). The sample of this participatory study comprised 6258 randomly selected FN adults. Fish/seafood consumption was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. Food security status was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module. The contribution of fish/seafood to protein, n-3 fatty acid, vitamin (A, B12, D, niacin) and mineral (selenium, zinc) requirements was assessed by comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes. Results Regional differences were observed in fish/seafood consumption patterns and their relationship with food security status. In the eastern regions (Ontario, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region), consumption of fish/seafood and other TF was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure FN participants. Severely food insecure men (particularly in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region) tended to eat a higher amount of TF, including fish/seafood, compared with food secure and moderately food insecure men, while no difference was observed in women. Fish/seafood provided good sources of selected nutrients. However, the high cost of harvesting equipment, industry-related activities and climate change reduce access to fish/seafood and other wildlife. Conclusion Fish/seafood continues to be vital to the diet of FN communities. Focusing on policies that support FN increased access to fish/seafood has the potential to decrease food insecurity and support sustainable livelihoods. Future policies should focus on socio-economic determinants of food insecurity and support traditional harvesting and sustainable fisheries among FN communities.

scholarly journals Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Food

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the largest water deficit in the world. It also has the least food self-sufficiency. Increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water savings and hence to increased water security. However, increased domestic food production is a better way to achieve food security, even if irrigation demands increase in accordance to projected climate changes. Accordingly, the trade-off between food security and the savings of water and land through food trade is considered as a significant factor for resource management, especially in the MENA. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of food trade on food security and water-land savings in the MENA region. We concluded that the MENA region saved significant amounts of national water and land based on the import of four major crops, namely, barley, maize, rice, and wheat, within the period from 2000 to 2012, even if the food self-sufficiency is still at a low level. For example, Egypt imported 8.3 million ton/year of wheat that led to 7.5 billion m3 of irrigation water and 1.3 million ha of land savings. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products and analyzed the structure of VWT in the MENA region using degree and eigenvector centralities. The study revealed that the MENA region focused more on increasing the volume of virtual water imported during the period 2006–2012, yet little attention was paid on the expansion of connections with country exporters based on the VWT network analysis.

scholarly journals Food insecurity among newcomer refugees in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shafique
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Negative Effects

In Canada, grocery stores and supermarket shelves display a wide variety of food for consumers. However, newcomer refugees face different challenges in terms of the availability and accessibility of sufficient, nutritionally adequate and culturally familiar foods for consumption upon arrival to Canada that interrupt their integration process in a new society. This study will provide a review of the literature on food insecurity among newcomer refugees in Canada from 2009-2019. This review, demonstrates that refugees in Canada suffer higher incidents of food insecurity than immigrants and Canadians. Existing research also indicate that food security in the case of refugees need to be perceived more than availability and accessibility of safe and nutritious foods, require provision of culturally acceptable foods. Access to culturally familiar foods may not be possible in many instances, but the negative effects of such challenges put refugees in situations of stress and anxiety in their new home. Key Words: Newcomer; Refugees; Settlement; food insecurity; food security; food availability; accessibility; culturally acceptability.

Evidence for the age-specific relationship of food insecurity and key dietary outcomes among US children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Eicher-Miller ◽  
Yanling Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Us Children ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractApproximately 6·5 million US children live in food-insecure households, meaning that they have restrained access to the types and amounts of foods they usually eat. The nutrient demands of growth and general sub-par dietary intake of US children by age highlight the importance and difficulty of attaining recommended amounts of critical dietary components to promote health and prevent disease. Evaluation of the evidence for a relationship of food insecurity with key dietary outcomes for the specific stages of child growth at 1–5 years, 6–11 years and 12–19 years has not been previously documented. Bradford Hill criteria of strength, consistency and dose–response were applied to aid evaluation. A comprehensive search of original research on US children using food-security assessment measures indexed to January 2017 was completed and identified sixteen studies that evaluated the relationship of food insecurity with key dietary outcomes. Evidence for a strong, consistent and dose–response relationship of food insecurity with lower vegetable intake compared with food security was determined among children aged 1–5 years and strong and consistent evidence of higher added sugar intake among food-insecure children aged 6–11 years compared with food-secure children was apparent. Adolescent-focused evidence was sparse but revealed adolescence as the paediatric age stage where food insecurity has the most potential for negative impact on child dietary intake. A discussion of future research opportunities includes strengthening the evidence through longitudinal study designs, inclusion of additional nutrients of concern, and stronger mitigation of bias and error.

Household food insecurity in Panamanian subsistence farming communities is associated with indicators of household wealth and constraints on food production

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 2398-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J Krause ◽  
Marilyn E Scott ◽  
Odalis Sinisterra ◽  
Kristine G Koski
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Time Periods

AbstractObjective:To determine if constraints on agricultural production were a novel construct in the Panama Food Security Questionnaire (FSQ) and to characterize agricultural and economic determinants of food insecurity during the planting, growing and harvesting time periods in subsistence farming communities.Design:This longitudinal study followed households during land preparation, growing and harvest periods in one agricultural cycle. Agricultural production and economic variables were recorded and the Panama FSQ was administered. Exploratory factor analysis was used to verify construct validity of the FSQ. A food insecurity score (FIS), ranging from 0 to 42, was derived. Multiple regression analyses of FIS were conducted for each agricultural period.Setting:Fifteen rural villages in Panama.Participants:Subsistence farming households (n 237).Results:The FSQ contained four constructs: (i) ability to buy food; (ii) decreased amount/number of meals; (iii) feeling hungry; and (iv) lower agricultural production because of weather or lack of resources. Although most households were mildly food insecure in all time periods, determinants of food insecurity differed in each. Higher FIS was associated during land preparation with less rice and legumes planted and lower asset-based wealth; during growing months with less rice, more maize and pigeon peas planted and not selling produce; and during harvest with less rice planted, fewer chickens and lower income.Conclusions:Constraints on agriculture was a novel construct of the Panama FSQ. Different income-related variables emerged in each agricultural period. Planting staple foods and raising chickens were associated with food security, but some crop choices were associated with food insecurity.

Food insecurity transitions among rural households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Emem Ime Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Expenditure

Food insecurity dynamics of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using a panel data. Results showed that 44.4% of households that were food secure in the first panel transited into food insecurity in the second panel, while 32.5% that were mildly food insecure transited into food security. Furthermore, 25.7% transited from moderate food insecurity to food security, while 38.2% transited from severe food insecurity to food security. About 35.1% of households were never food insecure; 11.4% exited food insecurity 28.0% entered food insecurity; while 25.48% remained always food insecure. Having primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, household size, share of non-food expenditure and farm size explained food insecurity transition. However, the likelihood of a household being always food insecure was explained by gender, female-to-male-adult ratio, marital status, primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, share of non-food expenditure, farm size, access to credit and access to remittance.

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