Household food insecurity in Panamanian subsistence farming communities is associated with indicators of household wealth and constraints on food production

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 2398-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J Krause ◽  
Marilyn E Scott ◽  
Odalis Sinisterra ◽  
Kristine G Koski
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Time Periods

AbstractObjective:To determine if constraints on agricultural production were a novel construct in the Panama Food Security Questionnaire (FSQ) and to characterize agricultural and economic determinants of food insecurity during the planting, growing and harvesting time periods in subsistence farming communities.Design:This longitudinal study followed households during land preparation, growing and harvest periods in one agricultural cycle. Agricultural production and economic variables were recorded and the Panama FSQ was administered. Exploratory factor analysis was used to verify construct validity of the FSQ. A food insecurity score (FIS), ranging from 0 to 42, was derived. Multiple regression analyses of FIS were conducted for each agricultural period.Setting:Fifteen rural villages in Panama.Participants:Subsistence farming households (n 237).Results:The FSQ contained four constructs: (i) ability to buy food; (ii) decreased amount/number of meals; (iii) feeling hungry; and (iv) lower agricultural production because of weather or lack of resources. Although most households were mildly food insecure in all time periods, determinants of food insecurity differed in each. Higher FIS was associated during land preparation with less rice and legumes planted and lower asset-based wealth; during growing months with less rice, more maize and pigeon peas planted and not selling produce; and during harvest with less rice planted, fewer chickens and lower income.Conclusions:Constraints on agriculture was a novel construct of the Panama FSQ. Different income-related variables emerged in each agricultural period. Planting staple foods and raising chickens were associated with food security, but some crop choices were associated with food insecurity.

Demonstration gardens improve agricultural production, food security and preschool child diets in subsistence farming communities in Panama

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rachel J Krause ◽  
Marilyn E Scott ◽  
Odalis Sinisterra ◽  
Kristine G Koski
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Preschool Child ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Farming Households

Abstract Objectives: To explore impacts of a demonstration garden-based agricultural intervention on agricultural knowledge, practices and production, food security and preschool child diet diversity of subsistence farming households. Design: Observational study of households new to the intervention or participating for 1 or 5 years. Variables measured were agricultural techniques learned from the intervention and used, agricultural production, household food insecurity (FIS) and child diet diversity (DDS), over one agricultural cycle (during land preparation, growing and harvest months). Setting: Fifteen rural subsistence farming communities in Panama. Participants: Households participating in intervention (n 237) with minimum one preschool child. Results: After 1 year, participants had more learned and applied techniques, more staple crops produced and lower FIS and higher DDS during land preparation and growing months compared with those new to the intervention. After 5 years, participants grew more maize, chickens and types of crops and had higher DDS during growing months and, where demonstration gardens persisted, used more learned techniques and children ate more vitamin A-rich foods. Variables associated with DDS varied seasonally: during land preparation, higher DDS was associated with higher household durable asset-based wealth; during growing months, with greater diversity of vegetables planted and lower FIS; during harvest, with older caregivers, caregivers working less in agriculture, more diverse crops and receiving food from demonstration gardens. Conclusions: The intervention improved food production, food security and diets. Sustained demonstration gardens were important for continued use of new agricultural techniques and improved diets.

The Economic Determinants of Food Security in the MENA Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ali Koç ◽  
Oznur Ozdamar ◽  
Peyman Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Future

This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the food insecurity examining the relationship of important economic,social and natural factors with an overall food insecurity index that derived by dividing the food imports value to the sum of total exports and the net remittance inflows. Overall analysis is made by employing panel-data methods using a dataset that covers 18MENA countries and Turkey for the period of 1990-2014.Emprical results support the evidence of the harmful effect of price increases on food security. Furthermore, significance of education related variables and fresh water withdrawals indicate that the region has had benefit from nearly 30 years investment on education and intensive water exploitation, although poor water management and great waste of irrigation will most likely have negative effects on food security in the near future.

Integrated Aquaculture within Agriculture Irrigation for Food Security and Adaptation to Climate Change

2012 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tek Bahadur Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Agriculture Irrigation

In the existing complexities of climate change, biodiversity, subsistence farming and several other issues associated with agriculture production, gaining self sufficiency in food security is challenging. Experiences from many countries suggest that aquaculture integration within agricultural irrigation, where aquaculture is a non-consumptive user of water, has contributed to increase overall productivity. Irrigation purposively provides water for agriculture in other than rain fed conditions. Strategically, however, irrigation should lead to efficient water management for increased agricultural production especially in present context of biodiversity loss, poverty, water, food and nutritional insecurity in the era of climate change. To overcome the problems of food security and many other relevant issues, the integration of aquaculture within agriculture irrigation is highly recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7214 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.73-77

scholarly journals Seasonal food insecurity and perceived social support in rural Tanzania

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Hadley ◽  
Monique Borgerhoff Mulder ◽  
Emily Fitzherbert
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Tanzania

AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether the occurrence of seasonal food insecurity was related to ethnicity, household wealth and perceived social support, and to assess whether social support was more efficacious in protecting against food insecurity in wealthier households. Secondary objectives were to assess the association between past food insecurity, current dietary intake and perceived health.Design, setting and subjectsA sample of 208 randomly selected mothers from two ethnic groups living in the same villages in rural Tanzania participated in a cross-sectional survey.ResultsFood insecurity was highly prevalent in this area, particularly among the poorer ethnic group. Half of ethnically Sukuma households fell into the most food-secure category, compared with only 20% of ethnically Pimbwe households. Among both groups, measures of household wealth and social support were strongly associated with food security. Interestingly, social support appeared to be more effective among the wealthier ethnic group/community. Past food insecurity was also related to current indicators of dietary intake and women's self-perceptions of health.ConclusionGreater social support is associated with food security, suggesting that it may protect against the occurrence of seasonal food insecurity. Social support also interacts with wealth to offer greater protection against food insecurity, suggesting that increasing wealth at the community level may influence food insecurity through both direct and indirect means. Seasonal food insecurity also appears to have lasting effects that likely create and reinforce poverty.

scholarly journals Importance of fish for food and nutrition security among First Nations in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (S1) ◽  
pp. 64-80
Author(s):  
Lesya Marushka ◽  
Malek Batal ◽  
Constantine Tikhonov ◽  
Tonio Sadik ◽  
Harold Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Environment Study

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationships between fish/seafood consumption patterns and food security status among First Nations (FN) communities in Canada. We estimated the contribution of fish/seafood to daily nutrient requirements. Barriers to traditional food (TF) access including fish were summarized. Methods Data were collected by the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018). The sample of this participatory study comprised 6258 randomly selected FN adults. Fish/seafood consumption was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. Food security status was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module. The contribution of fish/seafood to protein, n-3 fatty acid, vitamin (A, B12, D, niacin) and mineral (selenium, zinc) requirements was assessed by comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes. Results Regional differences were observed in fish/seafood consumption patterns and their relationship with food security status. In the eastern regions (Ontario, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region), consumption of fish/seafood and other TF was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure FN participants. Severely food insecure men (particularly in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region) tended to eat a higher amount of TF, including fish/seafood, compared with food secure and moderately food insecure men, while no difference was observed in women. Fish/seafood provided good sources of selected nutrients. However, the high cost of harvesting equipment, industry-related activities and climate change reduce access to fish/seafood and other wildlife. Conclusion Fish/seafood continues to be vital to the diet of FN communities. Focusing on policies that support FN increased access to fish/seafood has the potential to decrease food insecurity and support sustainable livelihoods. Future policies should focus on socio-economic determinants of food insecurity and support traditional harvesting and sustainable fisheries among FN communities.

Factors Hindering Farmers’ Participation and Look for Agricultural Development and Food Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Debella Deressa Bayissa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Government

Agriculture is one of the key drivers of Ethiopia’s long-term development and food security. It supports 85% of the total population, constitutes 43% of GDP and 80% of export value. For the country to reach middle-income prestige by 2025 and make significant inroads against food insecurity, strategic choices and concerted and strategic investments in agricultural sector are vigorous. The government of Ethiopia has put maximum efforts to increase agricultural output. However, increments in agricultural production and productivity, the expected benefits, have not been achieved yet. Low agricultural production and productivity is the major cause of food insecurity in the country emanating from lack of suitable technologies for beneficiaries, low adoption of agricultural innovations, and lack of active participation of farmers in agricultural research. Therefore, this study examines critical factors that hinder farmers’ participation in agricultural research in Ethiopia. A total sample size of 39 respondents comprising 16 farmers, 14 researchers and 9 development agents were interviewed purposively based on snowball sampling technique. Qualitative research design was used in this research. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observations and analysed descriptively. The empirical results reveal that lack of sufficient time, bad experiences in the past, perception of farmers’ for researchers, farmer’s attitude for research, the type of research, lack of stakeholder’s willingness to learn from one another, loose integration of indigenous and scientific knowledge and insignificant change of new technologies to material wealth critically hindered farmer’s participation in agricultural research to bring innovation in agriculture. Innovation in agriculture comes from the interaction of the different actors that are working in agriculture since each actor brings their own knowledge and results in social learning. Insignificant innovation in agricultural research results in food insecurity in the country.

The Economic Determinants of Food Security in the MENA Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ali Koç ◽  
Oznur Ozdamar ◽  
Peyman Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Future

This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the food insecurity examining the relationship of important economic,social and natural factors with an overall food insecurity index that derived by dividing the food imports value to the sum of total exports and the net remittance inflows. Overall analysis is made by employing panel-data methods using a dataset that covers 18MENA countries and Turkey for the period of 1990-2014.Emprical results support the evidence of the harmful effect of price increases on food security. Furthermore, significance of education related variables and fresh water withdrawals indicate that the region has had benefit from nearly 30 years investment on education and intensive water exploitation, although poor water management and great waste of irrigation will most likely have negative effects on food security in the near future.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security: a review on coastal regions of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
AK Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Climate Vulnerability

Bangladesh is severely vulnerable to climate change and its devastation on coastal livelihood and food security has been substantiated. Climate induced hazards will lead to food insecurity directly and indirectly by affecting the coastal biophysical and socioeconomic states. This review article found the potential impacts on coastal agricultural, livestock and fisheries sectors those are the main source of livelihood and food security to coastal people. Furthermore, most of the rural coastal people are hard poor in which women are major in portion and contribute to ensure food security for the entire family. Scrutinizing on ‘vulnerability’ revealed that it is not gender neutral and socio-economically underprivileged groups and marginal people are invaded disproportionately in which women is ranking in the top of the order. Hence, existing gender-poverty nexus along with socio-economic and political aspects make women more endangered to climate vulnerability and food security. It also found that existing policies and adaptation mechanisms failed to address the influence of powers on marginalize women and growing trend of feminization of food insecurity. In addition, also found the necessity for immediate pertinent caucus before the onset of this imminent concernment by aggregating gender and identified vulnerable groups.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (1): 62-69, June, 2018

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY IN FOOD GRAINS PRODUCTION IN INDIA USING DEA AND SFA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Neeraj Mathur ◽  
Swati Raju Ramnath
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Efficiency Measurement ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Super Efficiency ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Sown Area

Aim: Food security is a multi-dimensional issue and is concerned with aspects such as availability, access and utilisation. It would require major interventions that will transform the current patterns and practices of food production, distribution and consumption. Food security can be attained by increasing the level of agricultural productivity and efficiency and improvements in agricultural efficiency are at the core of the quest for food security. This paper seeks to examine the efficiency in food grains production in India for the period 1960-61 to 2013-14. Design / Research methods: The key idea is to employ the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis and the parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis to measure the efficiency of food grains production in India. We have estimated an input oriented single output, multi – input DEA models (CRS – DEA and VRS- DEA) of agricultural production to measure the efficiency in food grains production for two time periods 1960-61 to 1989-90 and 1991-92 to 2013-14. The analysis of super efficiency was conducted for both these time periods helped identify the years in which food grains production was most efficient. Conclusions / findings: We find high average efficiency in farming operations for both the frontier methods. However, the range of efficiency obtained varies considerably for the different frontier methods. The period after 1990 has witnessed improved agricultural performance as can be inferred from the frequency distribution of the efficiency scores which indicates that during this period the overall efficiency scores have been higher and there was not a single year in which the efficiency levels have been less than 0.9. The analysis of super efficiency also vindicates the improved performance of the agricultural sector in the post 1990 periods as greater number of years recorded an efficiency score greater than 1 as compared to the previous period. However, the super efficiency scores recorded in the period 1961-1990 were higher than those in the post 1990 years suggesting thereby that there could be a tapering of the positive impact of the Green Revolution. Efficiency estimates obtained by the SFA model are marginally lower than that of the DEA model and the results of the SFA model indicate net sown area, net irrigated area and pesticides to be statistically significant inputs. Originality / value of the article: This study contributes significantly to the literature on efficiency measurement of agricultural production in India by focussing on efficiency measurement of food grains. Most studies focus on farm level data and /or on individual crops.Implications of the research: This results of this study have implications for the issue of food security in India. Its results indicate that a need to expand irrigation facilities and net sown area to improve efficiency in food grain production which is vital for the issue of food security.

Food insecurity transitions among rural households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Emem Ime Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Expenditure

Food insecurity dynamics of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using a panel data. Results showed that 44.4% of households that were food secure in the first panel transited into food insecurity in the second panel, while 32.5% that were mildly food insecure transited into food security. Furthermore, 25.7% transited from moderate food insecurity to food security, while 38.2% transited from severe food insecurity to food security. About 35.1% of households were never food insecure; 11.4% exited food insecurity 28.0% entered food insecurity; while 25.48% remained always food insecure. Having primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, household size, share of non-food expenditure and farm size explained food insecurity transition. However, the likelihood of a household being always food insecure was explained by gender, female-to-male-adult ratio, marital status, primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, share of non-food expenditure, farm size, access to credit and access to remittance.

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