Intellectual Property Protection and Standardization

Leading Edge ◽

Small Sample ◽

The Other ◽

Theoretical Hypothesis ◽

Strong Position ◽

The One ◽

This chapter presents the first attempt at analyzing the relationship between strategies to protect intellectual property rights and their impact on the likelihood of joining formal standardization processes, based on a small sample of European companies. On the one hand, theory suggests that the stronger the protection of one’s own technological know-how, the higher the likelihood to join formal standardization processes in order to leverage the value of the technological portfolio. On the other hand, companies at the leading edge are often in such a strong position that they do not need the support of standards to market their products successfully. The results of the statistical analysis show that the higher the patent intensities of companies, the lower their tendency to join standardization processes, supporting the latter theoretical hypothesis.

Enhanced Cooperation and Free Movement. Territorial Aspects of ‘Harmonisation’

Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu im Adama Mickiewicza ◽

10.14746/ppuam.2017.7.15 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 249-267

Author(s):

Miłosz Malaga ◽

Anna Wilińska-Zelek

Keyword(s):

Patent Protection ◽

The Other ◽

Free Movement ◽

Eu Law ◽

European Union Law ◽

Free Movement Of Goods ◽

The One ◽

The Relationship ◽

Unitary Patent

In this article we examine the notion of ‘harmonisation’ in its interplay with the application of provisions on the free movement of goods. Due to the introduction of the European unitary patent protection system, we are witnessing the first cases of adopting enhanced cooperation in the internal market. This fact raises new, systemic questions concerning the concept of ‘harmonisation’ in European Union law. Are only legal, substantive aspects covered by its definition or should the territorial range of a legal act be taken into account? If yes – to what extent? Since the adoption of enhanced cooperation covers the field of intellectual property rights, the above questions concern the relationship between exercising those rights on the one hand and the principle of free movement on the other. A closer look at this matter leads to the conclusion that the unitary patent might not provide the solution to one of the problems that created for. More generally, in this article we conclude that when defining the concept of ‘harmonisation’, one should take its territorial scope into account narrowly, so as not to infringe the principles of EU law.

The tradeoff of intellectual property rights reconsidered

Revista Econômica ◽

10.22409/economica.10i2.p109 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Cristiano Antonelli

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Property Rights ◽

The Other ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The One

Intellectual property rights have a twin effect on the economic system.On the one hand they increase the incentives to the introduction of new technologicalknowledge. On the other they increase the costs of the generation ofnew knowledge because they limit the access to an indispensable input such asexisting knowledge. A tradeoff between such positive and negative effects canbe formalized so as to identify of the ‘correct’ levels of knowledge rents...

Can Trade Liberalization Enhance Freedom of Expression? A WTO Perspective on Censorship

DIRITTI UMANI E DIRITTO INTERNAZIONALE ◽

10.3280/dudi2012-003001 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 461-474

Author(s):

Angelica Bonfanti

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Intellectual Property ◽

Trade Liberalization ◽

Freedom Of Expression ◽

The Other ◽

Human Rights Protection ◽

The Public ◽

Rights Protection ◽

The One

Pursuant to their WTO commitments, Member States shall liberalize trade in goods, services and intellectual property rights, without any exceptions apart from those expressly provided by the covered agreements. Among them is the public morals exception. This paper aims to assess whether the implementation of the WTO commitments may have the effect of removing the filters imposed by some States through censorship, and whether the liberalization of international trade may contextually function as a means for enhancing freedom of expression. In so doing the paper examines how the public morals exception should be interpreted when censorship measures, on the one hand, and human rights protection, on the other, are at stake.

Is It Worth to Protect Competition from Intellectual Property Rights?

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2013-8-60-82 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 60-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Shastitko

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Property Rights ◽

Public Procurement ◽

The Other ◽

Intellectual Activity ◽

Market Structures ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

The One ◽

Ipr Protection

Discrete structural alternatives (DSA) of intellectual activity results creation, including specification and protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), are considered through the lens of balancing with competition protection. DSA within the framework of IPR system are studied taking into account differences in incentives depending on market structures where goods are produced with IPR use, on the one hand, and regimes of antitrust, on the other hand. Besides, the open access to results of intellectual activity within the system of prizes and public procurement are presented as DSA. Some recommendations on balancing two ways of economic policy taking into account the state of affairs in Russian antitrust and IPR protection are put forward.

Choice Of Technique And The Volume Of Saving (A Re-Examination Of The Cobb-Douglas Model)

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v8i4pp.606-617 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 606-617

Author(s):

Mohammad Anisur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Production Function ◽

Development Policy ◽

Social Goals ◽

The Other ◽

Economic Development Policy ◽

Labour Intensity ◽

The One ◽

Choice Of Technique ◽

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the relationship between the degree of aggregate labour-intensity and the aggregate volume of saving in an economy where a Cobb-6ouglas production function in its traditional form can be assumed to give a good approximation to reality. The relationship in ques¬tion has an obviously important bearing on economic development policy in the area of choice of labour intensity. To the extent that and in the range where an increase in labour intensity would adversely affect the volume of savings, a con¬flict arises between two important social objectives, i.e., higher rate of capital formation on the one hand and greater employment and distributive equity on the other. If relative resource endowments in the economy are such that such a "competitive" range of labour-intensity falls within the nation's attainable range of choice, development planners will have to arrive at a compromise between these two social goals.

Bastard Feudalism and the Framing of Thirteenth-Century England

10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Coss

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Thirteenth Century ◽

Twelfth Century ◽

The State ◽

The Other ◽

Great Work ◽

Early Middle Ages ◽

The One ◽

In the introduction to his great work of 2005, Framing the Early Middle Ages, Chris Wickham urged not only the necessity of carefully framing our studies at the outset but also the importance of closely defining the words and concepts that we employ, the avoidance ‘cultural sollipsism’ wherever possible and the need to pay particular attention to continuities and discontinuities. Chris has, of course, followed these precepts on a vast scale. My aim in this chapter is a modest one. I aim to review the framing of thirteenth-century England in terms of two only of Chris’s themes: the aristocracy and the state—and even then primarily in terms of the relationship between the two. By the thirteenth century I mean a long thirteenth century stretching from the period of the Angevin reforms of the later twelfth century on the one hand to the early to mid-fourteenth on the other; the reasons for taking this span will, I hope, become clearer during the course of the chapter, but few would doubt that it has a validity.

Evangelical and Catholic Timespace in Work: An Argument against a Homeless Eschatology

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12030199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Maria Ledstam

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Common Good ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

The Other ◽

Faith Based ◽

Business As Mission ◽

Achievable Goal ◽

The Common ◽

The One ◽

This article engages with how religion and economy relate to each other in faith-based businesses. It also elaborates on a recurrent idea in theological literature that reflections on different visions of time can advance theological analyses of the relationship between Christianity and capitalism. More specifically, this article brings results from an ethnographic study of two faith-based businesses into conversation with the ethicist Luke Bretherton’s presentation of different understandings of the relationship between Christianity and capitalism. Using Theodore Schatzki’s theory of timespace, the article examines how time and space are constituted in two small faith-based businesses that are part of the two networks Business as Mission (evangelical) and Economy of Communion (catholic) and how the different timespaces affect the religious-economic configurations in the two cases and with what moral implications. The overall findings suggest that the timespace in the Catholic business was characterized by struggling caused by a tension between certain ideals on how religion and economy should relate to each other on the one hand and how the practice evolved on the other hand. Furthermore, the timespace in the evangelical business was characterized by confidence, caused by the business having a rather distinct and achievable goal when it came to how they wanted to be different and how religion should relate to economy. There are, however, nuances and important resemblances between the cases that cannot be explained by the businesses’ confessional and theological affiliations. Rather, there seems to be something about the phenomenon of tension-filled and confident faith-based businesses that causes a drive in the practices towards the common good. After mapping the results of the empirical study, I discuss some contributions that I argue this study brings to Bretherton’s presentation of the relationship between Christianity and capitalism.

From reflex to reflection: Moving from the space of causes to the space of reasons and back

Open Philosophy ◽

10.1515/opphil-2020-0124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 681-693

Author(s):

Ariel Furstenberg

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Final Part ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Other Hand ◽

Space Of Reasons ◽

The One ◽

The Relationship ◽

Simple Picture

AbstractThis article proposes to narrow the gap between the space of reasons and the space of causes. By articulating the standard phenomenology of reasons and causes, we investigate the cases in which the clear-cut divide between reasons and causes starts to break down. Thus, substituting the simple picture of the relationship between the space of reasons and the space of causes with an inverted and complex one, in which reasons can have a causal-like phenomenology and causes can have a reason-like phenomenology. This is attained by focusing on “swift reasoned actions” on the one hand, and on “causal noisy brain mechanisms” on the other hand. In the final part of the article, I show how an analogous move, that of narrowing the gap between one’s normative framework and the space of reasons, can be seen as an extension of narrowing the gap between the space of causes and the space of reasons.

IPR Law Protection and Enforcement and the Effect on Horizontal Productivity Spillovers from Inward FDI to Domestic Firms: A Meta-analysis

Management International Review ◽

10.1007/s11575-021-00443-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danai Christopoulou ◽

Nikolaos Papageorgiadis ◽

Chengang Wang ◽

Georgios Magkonis

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Property Rights ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Host Countries ◽

Productivity Spillovers ◽

Domestic Firms ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractWe study the role of the strength of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) law protection and enforcement in influencing horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms in host countries. While most WTO countries adopted strong IPR legislation due to exogenous pressure resulting from the signing of the Trade-Related Aspects of IPR (TRIPS) agreement, public IPR enforcement strength continues to vary significantly between countries. We meta-analyse 49 studies and find that public IPR enforcement strength has a direct positive effect on horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between IPR law protection strength and horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms.