Privacy and Confidentiality Issues in Data Mining

2008 ◽  
pp. 2850-2855
Author(s):  
Yücel Saygin
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
New York ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Mining Tools

Data regarding people and their activities have been collected over the years, which has become more pervasive with widespread usage of the Internet. Collected data usually are stored in data warehouses, and powerful data mining tools are used to turn it into competitive advantage. Besides businesses, government agencies are among the most ambitious data collectors, especially in regard to the increase of safety threats coming from global terrorist organizations. For example, CAPPS (Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System) collects flight reservation information as well as commercial information about passengers. This data, in turn, can be utilized by government security agencies. Although CAPPS represents US national data collection efforts, it also has an effect on other countries. The following sign at the KLM ticket desk in Amsterdam International Airport illustrates the international level of data collection efforts: “Please note that KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and other airlines are required by new security laws in the US and several other countries to give security customs and immigration authorities access to passenger data. Accordingly, any information we hold about you and your travel arrangements may be disclosed to the concerning authorities of these countries in your itinerary.” This is a very striking example of how the confidential data belonging to citizens of one country could be handed over to authorities of some other country via newly enforced security laws. In fact, some of the largest airline companies in the US, including American, United, and Northwest, turned over millions of passenger records to the FBI, according to the New York Times (Schwartz & Maynard, 2004).

Privacy and Confidentiality Issues in Data Mining

2011 ◽  
pp. 921-924
Author(s):  
Yücel Saygin
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
New York ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Mining Tools

Data regarding people and their activities have been collected over the years, which has become more pervasive with widespread usage of the Internet. Collected data usually are stored in data warehouses, and powerful data mining tools are used to turn it into competitive advantage. Besides businesses, government agencies are among the most ambitious data collectors, especially in regard to the increase of safety threats coming from global terrorist organizations. For example, CAPPS (Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System) collects flight reservation information as well as commercial information about passengers. This data, in turn, can be utilized by government security agencies. Although CAPPS represents US national data collection efforts, it also has an effect on other countries. The following sign at the KLM ticket desk in Amsterdam International Airport illustrates the international level of data collection efforts: “Please note that KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and other airlines are required by new security laws in the US and several other countries to give security customs and immigration authorities access to passenger data. Accordingly, any information we hold about you and your travel arrangements may be disclosed to the concerning authorities of these countries in your itinerary.” This is a very striking example of how the confidential data belonging to citizens of one country could be handed over to authorities of some other country via newly enforced security laws. In fact, some of the largest airline companies in the US, including American, United, and Northwest, turned over millions of passenger records to the FBI, according to the New York Times (Schwartz & Maynard, 2004).

Privacy and Confidentiality Issues in Data Mining

2008 ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
Yücel Saygin
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
New York ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Mining Tools

Data regarding people and their activities have been collected over the years, which has become more pervasive with widespread usage of the Internet. Collected data usually are stored in data warehouses, and powerful data mining tools are used to turn it into competitive advantage. Besides businesses, government agencies are among the most ambitious data collectors, especially in regard to the increase of safety threats coming from global terrorist organizations. For example, CAPPS (Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System) collects flight reservation information as well as commercial information about passengers. This data, in turn, can be utilized by government security agencies. Although CAPPS represents US national data collection efforts, it also has an effect on other countries. The following sign at the KLM ticket desk in Amsterdam International Airport illustrates the international level of data collection efforts: “Please note that KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and other airlines are required by new security laws in the US and several other countries to give security customs and immigration authorities access to passenger data. Accordingly, any information we hold about you and your travel arrangements may be disclosed to the concerning authorities of these countries in your itinerary.” This is a very striking example of how the confidential data belonging to citizens of one country could be handed over to authorities of some other country via newly enforced security laws. In fact, some of the largest airline companies in the US, including American, United, and Northwest, turned over millions of passenger records to the FBI, according to the New York Times (Schwartz & Maynard, 2004).

scholarly journals Media and Foreign Policy on Pak-Afghan Relations (1997-2005): The Role of US and Pakistani Press

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 4 (Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 454-477
Author(s):  
Ashraf Iqbal ◽  
Dr. Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Javed
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After

The main purpose of the present research is to investigate Pak-Afghan relations in the editorials of US newspapers, The Washington Post & The New York Times and Pakistani newspapers Dawn & The News related to the following issues during the period 1997-2005; A) US as a factor in Pak-Afghan relation, B) Coverage of Islam/Muslims regarding war on terrorism, C) Pakistan’s stance on Pak-Afghan bilateral relations, and D) US’s stance on Pak-Afghan bilateral relations. The time period to be examined in this proposed study spans over eight years regarding the editorial coverage of Pak-Afghan relations in the US and Pakistani leading English Press. Triangulation method based on qualitative and quantitative method was used to conduct the present research. The results show that the editorial contents of USA and Pakistani newspapers were not different regarding Pak-Afghan relations before and after 9/11. The incident of 9/11 changed the American foreign policy towards developing and least developing nations especially Muslims states like Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran etc. Pakistani press highlighted the issues regarding the Pak-Afghan relations before and after 9/11 as a favorable and conducive, related to Muslim/Islam regarding war on terrorism. The study suggested that instead of the focus on military resolution of the different problems, rather social bilateral negations should be prioritized which would be long lasting and full of mutual respects and honor.

scholarly journals Communicating the “Race” for the COVID-19 Vaccine: An Exploratory Study in Newspapers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Massarani ◽  
Luiz Felipe Fernandes Neves
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Understanding Of Science

The search for an effective solution to control the COVID-19 pandemic has mobilized an unprecedented effort by science to develop a vaccine against the disease, in which pharmaceutical companies and scientific institutions from several countries participate. The world closely monitors research in this area, especially through media coverage, which plays a key role in the dissemination of trustful information and in the public’s understanding of science and health. On the other hand, anti-vaccine movements dispute space in this communication environment, which raises concerns of the authorities regarding the willingness of the population to get vaccinated. In this exploratory study, we used computer-assisted content analysis techniques, with WordStat software, to identify the most addressed terms, semantic clusters, actors, institutions, and countries in the texts and titles of 716 articles on the COVID-19 vaccine, published by The New York Times (US), The Guardian (United Kingdom), and Folha de São Paulo (Brazil), from January to October 2020. We sought to analyze similarities and differences of countries that stood out by the science denialism stance of their government leaders, reflecting on the severity of the pandemic in these places. Our results indicate that each newspaper emphasized the potential vaccines developed by laboratories in their countries or that have established partnerships with national institutions, but with a more politicized approach in Brazil and a little more technical-scientific approach in the United States and the United Kingdom. In external issues, the newspapers characterized the search for the discovery of a vaccine as a race in which nations and blocs historically marked by economic, political, and ideological disputes are competing, such as the United States, Europe, China, and Russia. The results lead us to reflect on the responsibility of the media to not only inform correctly but also not to create stigmas related to the origin of the vaccine and combat misinformation.

Handguns: Risks versus Benefits

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-782
Author(s):  
KATHERINE K. CHRISTOFFEL ◽  
TOM CHRISTOFFEL
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
P 16

THE ISSUE There are an estimated 40 to 50 million handguns in the United States, with approximately 2 million more being manufactured annually1 (The New York Times, July 9, 1985, p 16). The high prevalence of handgun injury in the United States is unique in all the world and is increasing. Children are among the growing legions of US citizens harmed by the handgun epidemic.2 The effort to control handguns is focussed on developing laws to control their manufacture, importation, purchase, possession, and use. Opponents of these legal approaches claim that gun control endangers constitutional freedoms. When asked, the US Supreme court has consistently rejected that position in favor of the view that the Second Amendment protects a collective, not a personal, right to bear arms.3,4

Droning Discourse

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Imre-Millei
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
New York University ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
New Yorker ◽  
The Us ◽  
Remotely Piloted Aircraft

How is gendered language utilised to position the United States in relation to target states to morally justify Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) strikes? State discourse of the US during the George W. Bush and Barrack Obama administrations projected an image of remotely piloted systems as mechanisms of masculine protection. US officials assert that RPAs not only protected Americans at home, they protected populations vulnerable to terrorist attack abroad. While the RPA itself was coded as masculine, RPA pilots are feminised because they are protected from battle while using the RPA. The RPA takes the position of the ultimate masculine protector and its operators become feminised in US rhetoric. The surveillant assemblage of pilot, RPA, and sensor-analytics systems sustaining the RPA, is examined through a rigorous discourse analysis of state officials’ statements during the Bush and Obama administrations. Statements are taken from a number of reputable publications including The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, Al Jazeera, CNN, and BCC, among others. Statements are also taken from the report “Living Under Drones,” from the law schools of Stanford and New York University. This research begins to answer the question of how technology is gendered in relation to RPAs and RPA strikes.

Behavioral Targeting Online Advertising

2011 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yan ◽  
Dou Shen ◽  
Teresa Mah ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Behavioral Targeting ◽  
The Us ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Complex Technology

With the rapid growth of the online advertising market, Behavioral Targeting (BT), which delivers advertisements to users based on understanding of their needs through their behaviors, is attracting more attention. The amount of spend on behaviorally targeted ad spending in the US is projected to reach $4.4 billion in 2012 (Hallerman, 2008). BT is a complex technology, which involves data collection, data mining, audience segmentation, contextual page analysis, predictive modeling and so on. This chapter gives an overview of Behavioral Targeting by introducing the Behavioral Targeting business, followed by classic BT research challenges and solution proposals. We will also point out BT research challenges which are currently under-explored in both industry and academia.

scholarly journals One issue, different stories: The construction of GMO issues on Chinese, American and British mainstream media portals

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-275
Author(s):  
Yiqin Ruan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Jianbin Jin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Uk

Biotechnology, as an emerging technology, has drawn much attention from the public and elicited hot debates in countries around the world and among various stakeholders. Due to the public's limited access to front-line scientific information and scientists, as well as the difficulty of processing complex scientific knowledge, the media have become one of the most important channels for the public to get news about scientific issues such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). According to framing theory, how the media portray GMO issues may influence audiences’ perceptions of those issues. Moreover, different countries and societies have various GMO regulations, policies and public opinion, which also affect the way media cover GMO issues. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how GMO issues are covered in different media outlets across different countries. We conducted a comparative content analysis of media coverage of GMO issues in China, the US and the UK. One mainstream news portal in each of the three countries was chosen ( People's Daily for China, The New York Times for the US, and The Guardian for the UK). We collected coverage over eight years, from 2008 to 2015, which yielded 749 pieces of news in total. We examined the sentiments expressed and the generic frames used in coverage of GMO issues. We found that the factual, human interest, conflict and regulation frames were the most common frames used on the three portals, while the sentiments expressed under those frames varied across the media outlets, indicating differences in the state of GMO development, promotion and regulation among the three countries.

The Gift Relationship

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
The Gift ◽  
British System

This book's author was a pioneer in the field of social administration (now social policy). In this reissued classic, listed by the New York Times as one of the 10 most important books of the year when it was first published in 1970, the author compares blood donation in the US and UK, contrasting the British system of reliance on voluntary donors to the American one in which the blood supply is in the hands of for-profit enterprises, concluding that a system based on altruism is both safer and more economically efficient. The argument about how altruism binds societies together has proved a powerful tool in the analysis of welfare provision. This analysis is even more topical now in an age of ever-changing health care policy and at a time when health and welfare systems are under sustained attack from many quarters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the US governors decision when to issue stay-at-home orders [Running title: When to shut down: the Weber-Fechner law describes the timing of U. S. governors decisions to issue stay-at-home orders]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Djulbegovic ◽  
David J Weiss ◽  
Iztok Hozo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Us ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Stimulus Design ◽  
At Home

Objectives To evaluate if the US governors decision to issue the stay-at-home orders reflects the classic Weber-Fechner law of psychophysics, the amount by which a stimulus (such as number of cases or deaths) must increase in order to be noticed-the just noticeable difference- as a fraction of the intensity of that stimulus. Design A prospective observational study using data on the daily number of infected patients and deaths from the New York Times daily database. Setting 50 States and the District of Columbia Participants All individuals judged to be positive for the coronavirus or to have died from COVID19. Main outcome measures Number of people diagnosed with or died from COVID19. Results We found that the decision to issue the state-at-home order reflects the Weber-Fechner law of psychophysics. Both the number of infections (p=<0.0001; R2=0.79) and deaths (p<0.0001; R2=0.63) were highly statistically significantly associated with the decision to issue the stay-at-home orders. The results indicate that for each doubling of infections or deaths within their state, an additional four to six governors will issue the stay-at-home order. We also observed a clear dose-response relationship in the Cox model: the larger the number of cases, or deaths, the higher the probability that the stay-at-home order will be made. When the number of deaths reached 256 or the number of infected people was greater than 16,384, the probability of issuing a stay-at-home order was close to 100%. Conclusions When there are not clearly articulated rules to follow, decision-makers in times of crisis such as COVID19 resort to use of simple heuristics consistent with the Weber-Fechner law of psychophysics. The findings are important for the public to understand how their elected officials make important public health decisions.

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