Underwriting Automobile Insurance Using Artificial Neural Networks

Author(s):  
Fred Kitchens

For hundreds of years, actuaries used pencil and paper to perform their statistical analysis It was a long time before they had the help of a mechanical adding machine. Only recently have they had the benefit of computers. As recently as 1981, computers were not considered important to the process of insurance underwriting. Leading experts in insurance underwriting believed that the judgment factor involved in the underwriting process was too complex for any computer to handle as effectively as a human underwriter (Holtom, 1981). Recent research in the application of technology to the underwriting process has shown that Holtom’s statement may no longer hold true (Gaunt, 1972; Kitchens, 2000; Rose, 1986). The time for computers to take on an important role in the insurance underwriting process may be upon us. The author intends to illustrate the applicability of artificial neural networks to the insurance underwriting process.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref M. al-Swaidani ◽  
Waed T. Khwies

Numerous volcanic scoria (VS) cones are found in many places worldwide. Many of them have not yet been investigated, although few of which have been used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for a long time. The use of natural pozzolans as cement replacement could be considered as a common practice in the construction industry due to the related economic, ecologic, and performance benefits. In the current paper, the effect of VS on the properties of concrete was investigated. Twenty-one concrete mixes with three w/b ratios (0.5, 0.6, and 0.7) and seven replacement levels of VS (0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%) were produced. The investigated concrete properties were the compressive strength, the water permeability, and the concrete porosity. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used for prediction of the investigated properties. Feed-forward backpropagation neural networks have been used. The ANN models have been established by incorporation of the laboratory experimental data and by properly choosing the network architecture and training processes. This study shows that the use of ANN models provided a more accurate tool to capture the effects of five parameters (cement content, volcanic scoria content, water content, superplasticizer content, and curing time) on the investigated properties. This prediction makes it possible to design VS-based concretes for a desired strength, water impermeability, and porosity at any given age and replacement level. Some correlations between the investigated properties were derived from the analysed data. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis showed that all studied parameters have a strong effect on the investigated properties. The modification of the microstructure of VS-based cement paste has been observed, as well.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyao Liang ◽  
Chunxiang Qian ◽  
Huaicheng Chen ◽  
Wence Kang

Engineering structure degradation in the marine environment, especially the tidal zone and splash zone, is serious. The compressive strength of concrete exposed to the wet-dry cycle is investigated in this study. Several significant influencing factors of compressive strength of concrete in the wet-dry environment are selected. Then, the database of compressive strength influencing factors is established from vast literature after a statistical analysis of those data. Backpropagation artificial neural networks (BP-ANNs) are applied to establish a multifactorial model to predict the compressive strength of concrete in the wet-dry exposure environment. Furthermore, experiments are done to verify the generalization of the BP-ANN model. This model turns out to give a high accuracy and statistical analysis to confirm some rules in marine concrete mix and exposure. In general, this model is practical to predict the concrete mechanical performance.


Author(s):  
Fred L. Kitchens

As the heart of the insurance business, the underwriting function has remained mostly unchanged for nearly 400 years when Lloyd’s of London was a place where ship owners would seek out men of wealth. The two would contractually agree to share the financial risk, in the unlucky event that the ship would be lost at sea (Gibb, 1972; Golding & King-Page, 1952).


2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela T. Rocha ◽  
Felipe O. Salle ◽  
Gustavo Perdoncini ◽  
Silvio L.S. Rocha ◽  
Flávia B.B. Fortes ◽  
...  

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for various pathological processes in birds and is considered as one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality, associated with economic losses to the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that it is possible to predict antimicrobial resistance of 256 samples (APEC) using 38 different genes responsible for virulence factors, through a computer program of artificial neural networks (ANNs). A second target was to find the relationship between (PI) pathogenicity index and resistance to 14 antibiotics by statistical analysis. The results showed that the RNAs were able to make the correct classification of the behavior of APEC samples with a range from 74.22 to 98.44%, and make it possible to predict antimicrobial resistance. The statistical analysis to assess the relationship between the pathogenic index (PI) and resistance against 14 antibiotics showed that these variables are independent, i.e. peaks in PI can happen without changing the antimicrobial resistance, or the opposite, changing the antimicrobial resistance without a change in PI.


2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72

Pronóstico de caudales medios mensuales del rio caplina, aplicando redes neuronales artificiales (rna) y modelo autorregresivo periódico de primer orden par (1) Forecast for mean monthly discharge of the caplina river, by applying artificial neural network (rna) and periodic Autoregressive model par (1) Pino Vargas Edwin, Siña Espinoza Luis, Román Arce Carmen Programa de Doctorado en Recursos Hídricos / U.N.Agraria La Molina, Lima Perú, [email protected] Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre G. Tacna, [email protected] Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre G. Tacna, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2011.0025/ RESUMEN El rio Caplina es el principal tributario de la cuenca hidrográfica del mismo nombre; tiene una extensión de 4 239,09 km2, esto hace que sea una de las principales fuentes de abastecimiento de agua para distintos usos en la ciudad de Tacna. Por esta razón diversas entidades se han interesado en conocer la disponibilidad hídrica actual y futura del rio Caplina, ya que conocer dichos valores es de fundamental importancia para el planeamiento y manejo de los sistemas de recursos hídricos. Los modelos estocásticos han sido durante largo tiempo, la alternativa más común en la predicción de caudales. Actualmente, las herramientas de computación inteligente como las redes neuronales artificiales, especialmente las redes multi-capas con algoritmo de retro-propagación. En este contexto, la actual investigación centro sus esfuerzos en la aplicación de las redes neuronales a la predicción de los caudales medios mensuales del río Caplina-Estación Bocatoma Calientes, desarrollo de modelos de redes neuronales a partir de datos de caudales, precipitación y evaporación, así como la evaluación de la capacidad de desempeño frente a modelos estocásticos. De esta manera, se desarrollaron 10 modelos de redes neuronales artificiales con distintas arquitecturas, cuyo entrenamiento se realizo con un primer subconjunto de datos correspondientes al periodo 1939 – 1999, y su validación con un segundo subconjunto de datos del periodo 2000 – 2006. Los modelos de redes neuronales artificiales mostraron comparativamente mejor desempeño en materia de predicción frente a un modelo autorregresivo periódico de primer orden PAR (1). Descriptores: Cuenca Caplina, Redes Neuronales Artificiales, Series de Tiempo. ABSTRACT Caplina river is the main tributary of the hydrographic basin of the same name, It has an extension of 4 239,09 km2, because of this reason it is one of the principal sources of water supply for different uses in Tacna's city. For this reason diverse entities have been interested in knowing the water current and future availability of the river Caplina, because know the above mentioned values performs is the fundamental importance for the planning and managing of the systems of water resources. The stochastic models have been during long time, the most common alternative in the prediction of flows. Nowadays, the tools of intelligent computation like the artificial neural networks, specially the networks you multi-geld with algorithm of retro-spread. In this context, the current investigation center his efforts on the application of the neural networks to the prediction of the average monthly flows of the river Caplina-station Bocatoma Calientes, model development of neural networks from information of flows, rainfall and evaporation, as well as the evaluation of the capacity of performance opposite to stochastic models. So, 10 models of artificial neural networks were developed with different architectures, which training was realize with the first subset of information corresponding to the period 1939 - 1999, and his validation with the second subset of information of the period 2000 - 2006. The models of artificial neural networks showed comparatively better performance as for prediction opposite to a periodic autoregressive model of the first order PAR (1). Keywords: Caplina Basin, artificial neural networks, Series of Time.


2022 ◽  
pp. 648-667
Author(s):  
Tuğba Özge Onur ◽  
Yusuf Aytaç Onur

Steel wire ropes are frequently subjected to dynamic reciprocal bending movement over sheaves or drums in cranes, elevators, mine hoists, and aerial ropeways. This kind of movement initiates fatigue damage on the ropes. It is a quite significant case to know bending cycles to failure of rope in service, which is also known as bending over sheave fatigue lifetime. It helps to take precautions in the plant in advance and eliminate catastrophic accidents due to the usage of rope when allowable bending cycles are exceeded. To determine the bending fatigue lifetime of ropes, experimental studies are conducted. However, bending over sheave fatigue testing in laboratory environments require high initial preparation cost and a long time to finalize the experiments. Due to those reasons, this chapter focuses on a novel prediction perspective to the bending over sheave fatigue lifetime of steel wire ropes by means of artificial neural networks.


1993 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Serra-Ricart ◽  
Xavier Calbet ◽  
Lluis Garrido ◽  
Vicens Gaitan

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