Masking Models and Watermarking

2011 ◽  
pp. 30-63
Author(s):  
Mirko Luca Lobina ◽  
Daniele D. Giusto ◽  
Davide Mula
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Audio Watermarking ◽  
Digital Right Management ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work First

Many audio watermarking techniques, presented in the last years, make use of masking and psychological models derived from signal processing. Such a basic idea is winning because it guarantees a high level of robustness and bandwidth of the watermark as well as fidelity of the watermarked signal. This work first describes the relationship between Digital Right Management, Intellectual Property, and use of watermarking techniques. Then, the crossing use of watermarking and Masking Models is detailed, providing schemes, examples, and references. Finally, the authors present two strategies that make use of a Masking Model, applied to a classic watermarking technique. The joint use of classic frameworks and Masking Models seems to be one of the trends for the future of research in watermarking. Several tests on the proposed strategies with the state of the art are also offered to give an idea of how to assess the effectiveness of a watermarking technique.

Masking Models and Watermarking

2011 ◽  
pp. 93-116
Author(s):  
Mirko Luca Lobina ◽  
Luigi Atzori ◽  
Davide Mula
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Audio Watermarking ◽  
Digital Right Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Many audio watermarking techniques presented in the last years make use of masking and psychological models derived from signal processing. Such a basic idea is winning because it guarantees a high level of robustness and bandwidth of the watermark as well as fidelity of the watermarked signal. This chapter first describes the relationship between digital right management, intellectual property, and use of watermarking techniques. Then, the crossing use of watermarking and masking models is detailed, providing schemes, examples, and references. Finally, the authors present two strategies that make use of a masking model, applied to a classic watermarking technique. The joint use of classic frameworks and masking models seems to be one of the trends for the future of research in watermarking. Several tests on the proposed strategies with the state of the art are also offered to give an idea of how to assess the effectiveness of a watermarking technique.

scholarly journals A Meaningful Compact Key Frames Extraction in Complex Video Shots

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Manar Abduljabbar Mizher ◽  
Mei Choo Ang ◽  
Ahmad Abdel Jabbar Mazhar
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Key Frame Extraction ◽  
Key Frame ◽  
Easy Problem ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Key Frames ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Key frame extraction is an essential technique in the computer vision field. The extracted key frames should brief the salient events with an excellent feasibility, great efficiency, and with a high-level of robustness. Thus, it is not an easy problem to solve because it is attributed to many visual features. This paper intends to solve this problem by investigating the relationship between these features detection and the accuracy of key frames extraction techniques using TRIZ. An improved algorithm for key frame extraction was then proposed based on an accumulative optical flow with a self-adaptive threshold (AOF_ST) as recommended in TRIZ inventive principles. Several video shots including original and forgery videos with complex conditions are used to verify the experimental results. The comparison of our results with the-state-of-the-art algorithms results showed that the proposed extraction algorithm can accurately brief the videos and generated a meaningful compact count number of key frames. On top of that, our proposed algorithm achieves 124.4 and 31.4 for best and worst case in KTH dataset extracted key frames in terms of compression rate, while the the-state-of-the-art algorithms achieved 8.90 in the best case.

Ostatni będą pierwszymi? LNG w polityce energetycznej Rosji

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Szymon Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Energy Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
External Energy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Constant State ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current condition and development prospects for the Russian LNG sector. Taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the Russian state, the author chose the realistic paradigm (neoclassical realism), which is useful in the context of showing the relationship between internal structures and external activity of the state. The author argues that Russian expansion in the LNG sector is the result of the lobbying capacity of Novatek – the largest private gas producer in Russia. Although the state budget incurs significant costs related to the implementation of Novatek projects, in particular due to fiscal preferences, it also achieves the possibility of achieving the objectives in external and internal energy policy. Novatek’s expansion increases Russia’s share in external energy markets; at the same time LNG expansion, it is used for internal purposes. Novatek’s dominant position in the LNG sector is confirmed by both already implemented projects and plans for further expansion. The factors favoring Russian expansion are constant state support for Novatek projects, high level of internationalization of implemented projects and favorable forecasts on energy markets. The strong competition between currently dominant LNG producers and the risk of internal competition between Russian exporters are among the key long-term challenges.

Digital Watermarking Techniques for Audio and Speech Signals

2011 ◽  
pp. 132-160
Author(s):  
Aparna Gurijala ◽  
John R. Deller Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Audio Watermarking ◽  
Speech Signals ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Signal Features

The main objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of existing speech and audio watermarking technology and to demonstrate the importance of signal processing for the design and evaluation of watermarking algorithms. This chapter describes the factors to be considered while designing speech and audio watermarking algorithms, including the choice of the domain and signal features for watermarking, watermarked signal fidelity, watermark robustness, data payload, security, and watermarking applications. The chapter presents several state-of-the-art speech and audio watermarking algorithms and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The various applications of watermarking and developments in performance evaluation of watermarking algorithms are also described.

The role of sustainability in the relationship between migration and smart cities: a bibliometric review

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamad Mouazen ◽  
Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Smart cities attract efficient and profitable economic activities, contribute to the societal welfare of their citizens and foster the efficient use and conservation of natural resources. Developing smart cities has become a priority for many developed countries, but as they are preferred destinations for migrants, this raises sustainability issues. They attract people who are seeking a better quality of life, smart services and solutions, a better environment and business activities. The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the art on the relationship between smart cities and migration, with a view to determining sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric review and text mining analyses were conducted on publications between 2000 and 2019. Findings The results determined the main parameters of this research topic in terms of its growth, top journals and articles. The role of sustainability in the relationship between smart cities and migration is also identified, highlighting the special interest of its social dimension. Originality/value A bibliometric approach has not been used previously to investigate the link between smart cities and migration. However, given the current relevance of both phenomena, their emergence and growth, this approach is appropriate in determining the state of the art and its main descriptors, with special emphasis on the sustainability implications.

scholarly journals Towards Explanatory Interactive Image Captioning Using Top-Down and Bottom-Up Features, Beam Search and Re-ranking

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-584
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Biswas ◽  
Michael Barz ◽  
Daniel Sonntag
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Input Image ◽  
The State ◽  
Beam Search ◽  
Image Captioning ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Interactive Machine Learning ◽  
Joint Embedding ◽  
Bounding Boxes ◽  
High Level

AbstractImage captioning is a challenging multimodal task. Significant improvements could be obtained by deep learning. Yet, captions generated by humans are still considered better, which makes it an interesting application for interactive machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence methods. In this work, we aim at improving the performance and explainability of the state-of-the-art method Show, Attend and Tell by augmenting their attention mechanism using additional bottom-up features. We compute visual attention on the joint embedding space formed by the union of high-level features and the low-level features obtained from the object specific salient regions of the input image. We embed the content of bounding boxes from a pre-trained Mask R-CNN model. This delivers state-of-the-art performance, while it provides explanatory features. Further, we discuss how interactive model improvement can be realized through re-ranking caption candidates using beam search decoders and explanatory features. We show that interactive re-ranking of beam search candidates has the potential to outperform the state-of-the-art in image captioning.

Expletive Negation

2020 ◽  
pp. 254-268
Author(s):  
Denis Delfitto
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Incremental Analysis ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Pragmatic Enrichment ◽  
Temporal Clauses ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides the state-of-the-art around expletive negation (EN), by discussing: (i) the relationship between EN and negative concord; (ii) EN as a real negation; (iii) EN as a special formative linked to an additional evaluative/expressive layer in the semantics of language. Moreover, the chapter offers a potentially unifying analysis of EN in comparative, exclamative, and temporal clauses: EN as an operator of implicature denial. This approach derives the fact that EN is logically and compositionally independent from what is said from the fact that EN shifts the semantics of negation to the layer of implicated meaning. Some of the interpretive effects normally linked to the expressive/evaluative analysis of EN can be arguably derived as side-effects of this semantic analysis. The proposal advanced here has a number of implications regarding the relationship among morpho-syntax, pragmatic enrichment, and the non-incremental analysis of negation in theories of negation processing.

Systems in Prosthetic Hands and the Relationship With Their Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C. Díaz-Montes ◽  
Jesús Manuel Dorador-González
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Upper Limb Prosthesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Limb Prosthesis ◽  
The Way

A review of the state of the art in prosthetic hands is presented; this review covers the most common commercial prosthesis and prototypes under development. In this analysis, prosthetic devices were divided in six systems: actuation, reduction, blocking, transmission, flexion and support. The information obtained is presented according to those systems. The most important features of each system are presented together with their relationship with the performance of the entire prosthesis. An analysis that indicates the way in which prosthesis take advantage of the capabilities of current technologies is presented. Recommendations for improving the performance of upper limb prosthesis are proposed.

Alternativas para superar el hacinamiento carcelario en Colombia con enfoque en derechos humanos

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 176-189
Author(s):  
Fernando Gómez Forero
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
El Alto ◽  
State Liability ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

El presente artículo sobre la situación actual de las cárce- les, se ocupa específicamente de lo relacionado con el ha- cinamiento y las posibles alternativas para su superación. El objetivo es hacer un análisis crítico sobre el verdadero nivel de hacinamiento en que se encuentran ahora los cen- tros penitenciarios, y la relación que existe con la protec- ción de los derechos humanos por parte del Estado, como un imperativo que requiere de su pleno cumplimiento. Esta problemática es una situación permanente, recurren- te y con tendencia a profundizarse, lo que ha ocasiona- do una crisis en materia del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, que ha supuesto necesariamente una responsabilidad del Estado, producto sin duda del estado de cosas inconstitucional que fue establecido por la Corte Constitucional a través de la sentencia T-153 de 1998. Las conclusiones reflejan en su conjunto el alto nivel de inefi- ciencia con la que se ha actuado por parte del ejecutivo y el legislativo en la solución de la crisis de hacinamiento car- celario y la necesidad de emprender acciones afirmativas, libres del discurso propositivo, que no hace otra cosa que simplificar el problema pero no solucionarlo.This article, about the current situation of prisons, spe- cifically related to prison overcrowding and alternatives to overcome them, are part of the goal to make a critical analysis of the true level of overcrowding in which are now centers prisons and the relationship with the protec- tion of Human Rights by the State as an imperative that requires full compliance, this is a permanent, recurrent and tend to deepen situation, which has caused a crisis in the International Law of Human Rights (HR), which has necessarily meant a state liability in this situation, as a re- sult without question of “Unconstitutional Things in the State” established by the Constitutional Court through the final desition T-153 of 1998. The closures as a whole reflect of the high level of inefficiency with which action has been taken by the Executive and legislative branches in the solution of the overcrowding crisis in prisons and the need to undertake purposeful assertive speech affir- mative action, which does nothing to simplify the problem but not in solving it. 

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