Agricultural Runoff and Treatment Methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 550-575
Author(s):  
Yeek-Chia Ho ◽  
Boon-Chin Lim ◽  
Jun-Wei Lim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Global Population

Increasing global population intensifies the food demand pressure while meeting the increasing environmental legislation. To cater for such demand, agriculture sector shifts for mass food production accompanied with the use of a large amount of agrochemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics, and growth hormones. As a result, these agrochemicals' residues pollute the ecosystem and environment through surface runoff. It has been a great challenge in treating agricultural runoff due to its contaminant loadings and wide variability of different compounds in the wastewater to meet the stringent standards in an economically feasible manner. This chapter delineates the current state-of-the-art of wastewater treatment methods for agricultural runoff.

Обезвреживание поверхностного стока – важный вклад в охрану водных объектов

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
G. Variushina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Retention Basin ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Russian Federation

Приводятся сведения о разработанных специалистами АО МосводоканалНИИпроект научных исследованиях и проектных решениях в области очистки поверхностных сточных вод с территории Москвы, причинах загрязнения водоисточников неочищенными поверхностными стоками в 1970х годах. Представлены основные характеристики комплексов глубокой очистки поверхностных стоков, разработанных проектов очистных сооружений для промышленных предприятий с площадью водосбора 0,3 1 5 10 и 15 га. Показано, что эффективность очистки поверхностных сточных вод соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым к водоемам рыбохозяйственного значения. При этом для обезвоживания осадка, образующегося в накопительном резервуаре очистных сооружений, в технологической схеме предусмотрена песковая площадка, а для сбора плавающих нефтепродуктов нефтеразделитель. Новизна разработанной технологии обезвреживания поверхностного стока и обработки осадка была подтверждена пятью патентами РФ, одобрена Госстроем РФ, Центральным управлением по рыбохозяйственной экспертизе и нормативам по сохранению, воспроизводству водных биологических ресурсов и акклиматизации, Городской санитарной службой Москвы и области, службами Москомприроды и Мосгосэкспертизы. Показан вклад специалистов лаборатории обработки природных, промышленнодождевых сточных вод и осадка в решение проблем очистки поверхностного стока. Приведена информация об истории развития и перспективных направлениях научной деятельности лаборатории, ее планах в организационнометодической и воспитательной работе с молодыми специалистами.Information on the research and design solutions developed by the experts of MosvodokanalNIIproject JSC in the field of surface runoff treatment from the territory of Moscow, the causes of water sources pollution with raw surface runoff in the 1970s. The basic characteristics of the complexes for the enhanced treatment of surface runoff, the developed projects of wastewater treatment facilities for industrial enterprises with a catchment area of 0.3 1 5 10 and 15 ha. It is shown that the effectiveness of surface runoff treatment meets the requirements to water bodies of commercial fishing importance. At the same time, for dewatering of sludge generated in the retention basin of wastewater treatment facilities, a grit dewatering bay is included into the process flow scheme, and an oil separator is used to collect floating oil products. The novelty of the developed technology for neutralization of surface runoff and sludge treatment has been acknowledged by five patents of the Russian Federation, approved by Gosstroy of the Russian Federation, the Central Department of Fisheries Examination and Review and Protection and Renewal and Acclimatization Standards, the Moscow City and Moscow Region Sanitary Service, Moskompriroda and Mosgosekspertiza services. The contribution of the research workers of the laboratory for the treatment of natural, industrialstorm wastewater and sludge processing to the solution of problems of surface runoff treatment is demonstrated. The information about the history of development and promising areas of research activity of the laboratory, its plans in the organizational, methodological and educational work with young professionals is given.

Ammonia removal in a pilot-scale WSP complex in Northeast Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Soares ◽  
S. A. Silva ◽  
R. de Oliveira ◽  
A. L. C. Araujo ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
High Degree

Ammonia removal was monitored in a waste stabilisation pond complex comprising ponds of different geometries and depths under two different operational regimes. It was found that a high degree of ammonia removal commenced in the secondary maturation ponds, with the highest removals occurring in the shallowest ponds as a consequence of improved aerobic conditions. The tertiary maturation ponds produced effluents with mean ammonia concentrations of < 5 mg N/l, the maximum permitted recommended by Brazilian environmental legislation for the discharge of effluents of wastewater treatment plants into surface waters. Ammonia removal in the secondary facultative and maturation ponds could be modelled using equations based on the volatilization mechanism proposed by Middlebrooks et al. (1982).

Wastewater Treatment Methods

2016 ◽  
pp. 685-690
Author(s):  
Dana Smith ◽  
Fred Williams ◽  
Scott Moffatt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Methods

Developments in wastewater treatment methods

Desalination ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sonune ◽  
Rupali Ghate
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Methods

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment Methods and Sewage Treatment Facilities in Almaty, Kazakhstan

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-251
Author(s):  
Kairat Ospanov ◽  
Erzhan Kuldeyev ◽  
Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyev ◽  
Anatoly Korotunov
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Sustainability analysis and benchmarking of olive mill wastewater treatment methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris P. Zagklis ◽  
Eleni C. Arvaniti ◽  
Vagelis G. Papadakis ◽  
Christakis A. Paraskeva
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Sustainability Analysis ◽  
Olive Mill

scholarly journals Governing Transactions and Interdependences between Linked Value Chains in a Circular Economy: The Case of Wastewater Reuse in Braunschweig (Germany)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Maaß ◽  
Philipp Grundmann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater

Reusing wastewater in agriculture has attracted increasing attention as a strategy to support the transition towards the circular economy in the water and agriculture sector. As a consequence, there is great interest in solutions for governing the transactions and interdependences between the associated value chains. This paper explores the institutions and governance structures for coordinating transactions and interdependences between actors in linked value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. It aims to analyze how transactions and interdependences shape the governance structures for reusing wastewater at the local level. A transaction costs analysis based on data from semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire is applied to the agricultural wastewater reuse scheme of the Wastewater Association Braunschweig (Germany). The results show that different governance structures are needed to match with the different properties and requirements of the transactions and activities between linked value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. Interdependences resulting from transactions between wastewater providers and farmers increase the need for hybrid and hierarchical elements in the governance structures for wastewater reuse. The authors conclude that aligning governance structures with transactions and interdependences is key to efficiently governing transactions and interdependences between linked value chains in a circular economy.

scholarly journals Utilizing Sewage Wastewater Heat in District Heating Systems in Serbia - Effects on Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Živković ◽  
Dejan Ivezic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Transformation of the heating sector is recognized as being essential for ensuring reliable and affordable energy services provided with reduced consumption of energy sources, diminished impact on the environment and less import dependency. The possibility of utilizing energy sources that otherwise would be wasted needs to be considered and treated as a big advantage of district heating systems. Despite many advantages, sewage wastewater heat is still a mostly unused resource at the global level and a totally unused energy source in Serbia, while data about the potential of this energy source are lacking. This research proposes a methodology for the determination of the technical potential of waste heat from wastewater treatment facilities for use in district heating systems by heat pump application. Data from existing wastewater treatment facilities are used for providing data for replication in cities without wastewater treatment plants but with district heating systems. An estimation of the recoverable heat energy potential of wastewater is used for evaluation of some effects that could be obtained through its full utilization for heat production in the existing district heating systems. Three groups of indicators are selected for analysis focusing on district heating systems' energy performance (primary energy factor, specific heat consumption per degree day and heating area), the security of energy supply (import dependency, Shannon Wiener diversification index, the share of renewables) and environmental impact (carbon dioxide emission coefficient). Values of the selected indicators are determined for the current state of district heating systems and for the possible future state that could be achieved after full utilization of sewage wastewater potential. The proposed methodology is applied to Serbia, as a case study. It has been shown that all analyzed indicators for the projected future would have more preferable values compared to the values that correspond to the current state of the district heating systems. The use of this renewable energy source should provide primary energy savings of 5% per year, reduction of carbon dioxide emission of 6.5% per year, reduction of import dependency of DH systems of 9.8% and improved diversification of energy sources of 21%.

Women Leaders During a Global Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Sadé E. Soares ◽  
Nancy M. Sidun
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Population

Abstract. Women make up almost 50% of our global population ( World Bank, 2019 ); however, they comprise only 6% of elected nation leaders ( UN Women, 2020a ). Though small in number, when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic impacted our societies in 2019, women leaders were featured for their skillful navigation of an unknown and invisible threat. An understanding of the history of work toward gender equity, the current state of female leadership, and the continued barriers facing female leadership are reviewed to gain increased appreciation for why this emphasis was placed on female leadership. Researches analyzing women leaders during COVID-19 during the early months of the pandemic are presented, showcasing the promising and significant findings. Global women leaders consistently demonstrated a trend of enacting prompt public health measures, resulting in low death rates.

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