Microdynamics in Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-116
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Basic Concepts

This chapter focuses on relations between two individuals and their interactions with third parties. The dynamics at this level have common effects in terms of network structure. Certain common behaviors observed at dyad and triad level (i.e., at a micro level) help social networks acquire similar structural features. These features constitute a significant part of the development dynamics of the network structure. Feedback from such common behavioral patterns balances the micro-level structure of the network. These structural balances play a determining role in the similarity or difference between behaviors, languages, current issues, or opinions regarding basic concepts and so on.

scholarly journals Cultural selection shapes network structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaaw0609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Smolla ◽  
Erol Akçay
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Dense Networks ◽  
The Social

Cultural evolution relies on the social transmission of cultural traits along a population’s social network. Research indicates that network structure affects information spread and thus the capacity for cumulative culture. However, how network structure itself is driven by population-culture co-evolution remains largely unclear. We use a simple model to investigate how populations negotiate the trade-off between acquiring new skills and getting better at existing skills and how this trade-off shapes social networks. We find unexpected eco-evolutionary feedbacks from culture onto social networks and vice versa. We show that selecting for skill generalists results in sparse networks with diverse skill sets, whereas selecting for skill specialists results in dense networks and a population that specializes on the same few skills on which everyone is an expert. Our model advances our understanding of the complex feedbacks in cultural evolution and demonstrates how individual-level behavior can lead to the emergence of population-level structure.

Important Areas of Positive School Climate in the Context of Selected Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Lucie Blaštíková
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Classroom Climate ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Learning Climate ◽  
National School ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Positive School Climate ◽  
Positive Climate

This theoretical study focuses on the school climate. In particular, it focuses on the phenomenon of the positive school climate and its specific areas. The aim of the paper is to describe important areas of the positive school climate based on the analysis of selected positive climate models (National School Climate Center, 2017; Rudasill et al., 2017; Thapa, Cohen, & Guffey et al., 2013; Grecmanová, 2008, etc.). The text describes basic concepts, such as classroom climate, learning climate, or teacher staff climate. Primarily, the school climate is defined and a brief description of the factors involved in its creation is provided. Subsequently, the text deals with the terminology concerning the positive climate, as there is a disunity in this area. A significant part of the contribution is devoted to specific models of positive school climate, where, based on various research surveys, areas are defined which are key for the positive climate. In the final part of the paper three important areas of the positive climate are described, which repeatedly appear in the selected models, so they can be considered important.

scholarly journals Inequality is rising where social network segregation interacts with urban topology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergő Tóth ◽  
Johannes Wachs ◽  
Riccardo Di Clemente ◽  
Ákos Jakobi ◽  
Bence Ságvári ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
Physical Barriers

AbstractSocial networks amplify inequalities by fundamental mechanisms of social tie formation such as homophily and triadic closure. These forces sharpen social segregation, which is reflected in fragmented social network structure. Geographical impediments such as distance and physical or administrative boundaries also reinforce social segregation. Yet, less is known about the joint relationships between social network structure, urban geography, and inequality. In this paper we analyze an online social network and find that the fragmentation of social networks is significantly higher in towns in which residential neighborhoods are divided by physical barriers such as rivers and railroads. Towns in which neighborhoods are relatively distant from the center of town and amenities are spatially concentrated are also more socially segregated. Using a two-stage model, we show that these urban geography features have significant relationships with income inequality via social network fragmentation. In other words, the geographic features of a place can compound economic inequalities via social networks.

scholarly journals The Network Structure of Police Misconduct

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311987979 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wood ◽  
Daria Roithmayr ◽  
Andrew V. Papachristos
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Misconduct ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

Conventional explanations of police misconduct generally adopt a microlevel focus on deviant officers or a macrolevel focus on the top-down organization of police departments. Between these levels are social networks of misconduct. This study recreates these networks using data on 16,503 complaints and 15,811 police officers over a six-year period in Chicago. We examine individual-level factors associated with receiving a complaint, the basic properties of these misconduct networks, and factors related to officer co-naming in complaints. We find that the incidence of police misconduct is associated with attributes including race, age, and tenure and that almost half of police officers are connected in misconduct ties in broader networks of misconduct. We also find that certain dyadic factors, especially seniority and race, strongly predict network ties and the incidence of group misconduct. Our results provide actionable information regarding possible ways to leverage the co-complaint network structure to reduce misconduct.

Identifying and Evaluating Anomalous Structural Change-based Nodes in Generalized Dynamic Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Chunming Qiao ◽  
Xuan Guo ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Ying Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dynamic Social Network ◽  
Dynamic Social Networks ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Anomaly Analysis ◽  
Similarity Method

Recently, dynamic social network research has attracted a great amount of attention, especially in the area of anomaly analysis that analyzes the anomalous change in the evolution of dynamic social networks. However, most of the current research focused on anomaly analysis of the macro representation of dynamic social networks and failed to analyze the nodes that have anomalous structural changes at a micro level. To identify and evaluate anomalous structural change-based nodes in generalized dynamic social networks that only have limited structural information, this research considers undirected and unweighted graphs and develops a multiple-neighbor superposition similarity method ( ), which mainly consists of a multiple-neighbor range algorithm ( ) and a superposition similarity fluctuation algorithm ( ). introduces observation nodes, characterizes the structural similarities of nodes within multiple-neighbor ranges, and proposes a new multiple-neighbor similarity index on the basis of extensional similarity indices. Subsequently, maximally reflects the structural change of each node, using a new superposition similarity fluctuation index from the perspective of diverse multiple-neighbor similarities. As a result, based on and , not only identifies anomalous structural change-based nodes by detecting the anomalous structural changes of nodes but also evaluates their anomalous degrees by quantifying these changes. Results obtained by comparing with state-of-the-art methods via extensive experiments show that can accurately identify anomalous structural change-based nodes and evaluate their anomalous degrees well.

scholarly journals Misinformation, Radicalization and Hate Through the Lens of Users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Horta Ribeiro ◽  
Virgílio A. F. Almeida ◽  
Wagner Meira Jr
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Political Opinion

The popularization of Online Social Networks has changed the dynamics of content creation and consumption. In this setting, society has witnessed an amplification in phenomena such as misinformation and hate speech. This dissertation studies these issues through the lens of users. In three case studies in social networks, we: (i) provide insight on how the perception of what is misinformation is altered by political opinion; (ii) propose a methodology to study hate speech on a user-level, showing that the network structure of users can improve the detection of the phenomenon; (iii) characterize user radicalization in far-right channels on YouTube through time, showing a growing migration towards the consumption of extreme content in the platform.

scholarly journals Balancing User Profile and Social Network Structure for Anchor Link Inferring Across Multiple Online Social Networks

IEEE Access ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 12031-12040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Ma ◽  
Yaqiong Qiao ◽  
Guangwu Hu ◽  
Yongzhong Huang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
User Profile ◽  
Social Network Structure

Introduction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
Central Pillar

This chapter presents the volume's main argument: that a decentralized organizational structure—constructed through the combination of private and Company trade—was the central pillar of the English East India Company's continued expansion and adaptability over nearly two centuries as a predominantly commercial operation. It delves into the history of the English East India Company and the reasons for its success. Additionally, the chapter also looks at alternative explanations for the success of the company. Finally, this chapter lays out the study's theoretical approach: by considering the micro-level behavioral patterns and opportunity structures that allowed for the development and transformation of the English Company and, through it, larger patterns of global trade.

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