Crowdfunding

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-135
Author(s):  
Khaliq Ahmad Mohamad ◽  
Rizal Mohd. Nor ◽  
Aimadhuddin Ahmad Kamely
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Ethical Investment ◽  
Equity Crowdfunding ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
New Form ◽  
Islamic Investment ◽  
A Current

Crowdfunding is a new form of both investment opportunities and source of raising capital. The aim of this chapter is to explore the understanding of the newly invented crowdfunding, types of the existing platforms of the industry. Authors investigated crowdfunding platforms that are registered in securities commission Malaysia and Kapitalboost platform of Singapore and their mode of investment. Authors also looked in depth and reviewed a current literature on crowdfunding. An investment model of crowdfunding that will be suitable for the Muslim investors who are looking into an ethical investment that will contribute to the wellbeing of the societies as whole through Mudharabah and Musharakah investment. The findings explored that equity crowdfunding could bring more benefit and less harm to entrepreneurs. Consequently, there are two types of models that are based on equity-in and equity-out; hence, the chapter recommends the equity crowdfunding over the debt-based through Islamic investment method of Musharakah and Mudharabah investment.

scholarly journals Females who sexually offend

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Carol Ireland ◽  
Rebecca Ozanne ◽  
Jane Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
A Current

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the current knowledge in regard to females who engage in sexually harmful behaviour (HSB). Design/methodology/approach This is a brief paper, reviewing current literature. Findings This paper argues the continual limitations in fully understanding this population. However, it suggests the importance of progressing to discuss patterns of offending as opposed to typologies. Practical implications This argues the importance of effective formulation and consideration of patterns when understanding HSB in females. Originality/value This is a current brief review of the literature, summarising key thinking in this area, and some suggested ways forward for further progression.

scholarly journals IX. On a new form of voltaic battery

1884 ◽  
Vol 37 (232-234) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Keyword(s):  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Positive Element ◽  
Negative Element ◽  
Sodium Batteries ◽  
New Form ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Soda Solution ◽  
A Current

The battery which I have the honour to bring under the notice of the Royal Society is one of high electromotive force, namely, about two and three quarter volts, and a single cell consequently decomposes water; it is very light and portable, and convenient for many purposes. The electro-positive element is sodium, the electro-negative element is either carbon, spongy platinum,copper, or other metallic gauze; no fluid is used in which to immerse the plates, but the atmospheric air which is always impregnated with more or less hygrometric moisture serves to set up the action of the battery by giving up sufficient moisture to wet the surface of the sodium, so that a very thin film of fluid (a solution of soda), is thus interposed between the sodium and electro-negative element, and the internal resistance is very small in consequence of the thinness of the film of fluid. The sodium is used in the form of plates, conveniently about a quarter of an inch thick, and the plates of carbon, of which one is placed on each side of the sodium, a little longer and about the same thickness as the sodium; these plates, carbon, sodium, carbon, are kept together by means of vulcanised rubber bands, and suspended vertically, a vessel being placed underneath to receive the soda solution as it forms. A battery composed of plates 10 inches long and ½ an inch wide gives a current of 0·122 ampére at first starting, but as polarisation takes place, after five minutes, only 0·079 ampère. The cost of a battery of this size is 0·40 fr. (4 d . about), it remains in action for six days without the renewal of the sodium. Batteries of larger dimensions, as for example 10 inches long and 15/8 inches wide, last four weeks, because the action is chiefly on the edges of the sodium plate, and the broader the plate the longer the sodium lasts without renewal.

Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis Induced by Oral Fluconazole

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alsadhan ◽  
M. Taher ◽  
A. Krol
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Oral Fluconazole ◽  
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis ◽  
Exanthematous Pustulosis ◽  
A Current

Background: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a generalized, nonfollicular, pustular eruption of the skin associated with fever and leukocytosis. The cause of AGEP has mainly been attributed to drugs. Objective: We report a unique case of AGEP in a 75-year-old male caused by oral fluconazole. We include clinical as well as histological illustrations of our case. Conclusion: Based on a current literature search using the MEDLINE electronic database, this is the first reported case of AGEP arising from use of oral fluconazole. The clinical presentation, clinical course, and histology are consistent with prior reports of AGEP resulting from other drugs. AGEP should be considered a possible complication of oral fluconazole treatment.

The Effect of Form AP on Auditor Liability when Engagement Partner Disclosure Shows a History of Restatements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Mowchan ◽  
Philip M.J. Reckers
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Auditor Liability ◽  
Audit Firm ◽  
Audit Failure ◽  
Partner Disclosure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catch 22 ◽  
New Form ◽  
A Current

Engagement partner disclosures required by the new Form AP allow litigants to associate audit engagement partners with both current and past restatements. We investigate how knowledge of a partner's history of restatements, along with audit firm interventions following poor audit quality, impact audit firm liability in litigation stemming from a partner's second, unrelated client restatement. Interestingly, we do not find that a partner's association with a current and past restatement, alone, increases audit firm liability. However, we do find that jurors interpret firm interventions intended to restore audit quality as indicators that the partner contributed to the second audit failure and that audit firm oversight was inadequate. Specifically, we find that both requiring a probationary engagement co-partner after an initial restatement and partner dismissal after a second restatement individually increase juror assessments of audit firm liability. Collectively, our findings represent a Catch-22 of Form AP engagement partner disclosure, whereby audit firm interventions to restore audit quality are expected by regulators, but can increase auditor liability in subsequent litigation settings.

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