Proposed Power Systems Planning in Indian Scenario for Integrating EV Charging Infrastructure

The growing concern about fossil energy exhaustion, air pollution, and ecological deprivation has made electric vehicles (EVs) a practical option in contrast to combustion engine-driven vehicles. In any case, driving extent uneasiness is one of the innate inadequacies related with EVs. Massive integration of EV charging load into the power system may be a threat to the distribution network. Spontaneous situation of charging stations in the distribution system and uncoordinated charging will augment the load demand thereby resulting in voltage instability, deterioration of reliability indices, harmonic distortions, and escalated power losses. This chapter will concentrate on breaking down the effect of EV chargers on the working parameters, for example, voltage dependability, unwavering quality, and force misfortune. The examination will be completed on standard test systems. The discoveries of the proposed part will evaluate the effect of EV charging load on the working parameters of the distribution system and help in proposing a framework for charging station planning.

Blockchain-Enabled Charging Right Trading Among EV Charging Stations

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12203922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 3922 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ruijiu Jin ◽

Xiangfeng Zhang ◽

Zhijie Wang ◽

Wengang Sun ◽

Xiaoxin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power Transmission ◽

Charging Station ◽

Double Auctions ◽

Incentive Compatible ◽

Trading Mechanism ◽

Charging Stations ◽

Trading Simulation ◽

Ev Charging ◽

Charging Demand

Increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) gives rise to the challenges in the secure operation of power systems. The EV charging loads should be distributed among charging stations in a fair and incentive-compatible manner while ensuring that power transmission and transformation facilities are not overloaded. This paper first proposes a charging right (or charging power ration) trading mechanism and model based on blockchain. Considering all kinds of random factors of charging station loads, we use Monte Carlo modeling to determine the charging demand of charging stations in the future. Based on the charging demand of charging stations, a charging station needs to submit the charging demand for a future period. The blockchain first distributes initial charging right in a just manner and ensures the security of facilities. Given that the charging urgency and elasticity differences vary by charging stations, all charging stations then proceed with double auction and peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction of charging right. Bids and offers are cleared via double auctions if bids are higher than offers. The remaining bids and offers are cleared via the P2P market. Then, this paper designs the charging right allocation and trading platform and smart contract based on the Ethernet blockchain to ensure the safety of the distribution network (DN) and the transparency and efficiency of charging right trading. Simulation results based on the Ethereum private blockchain show the fairness and efficiency of the proposed mechanism and the effectiveness of the method and the mechanism.

Gas Turbine Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station

10.1115/gt2021-60176 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manjush Ganiger ◽

Maneesh Pandey ◽

Rahul Wagh ◽

Rakesh Govindasamy

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Integrated System ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Charging Station ◽

Vehicle Charging ◽

Charging Stations ◽

Energy Dependent ◽

Abstract Transition towards electric vehicles (EV) is the key enabler for fighting against climate change as well as for sustainable future. However, to build more confidence on EV transition, availability of charging infrastructure is key. One of the important criterions for vehicle charging station is to have a stable electricity source that can meet varying charging demand. The paper attempts to explore the eco-system of self-sustainable and quasi-renewable charging infrastructure. This paper outlines a circular economy model for EV charging station (EVCS) using a gas turbine from the Baker Hughes™ portfolio. The proposed solution includes Solid Oxide Electrolyzer and a carbon capture unit, integrated to the gas turbine. This integrated system is decarbonized using the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis unit. Proposed solution on EVCS can charge about 1500 EVs in half a day of operation (50% power split). Solution is lucrative and has attractive return on investment. The solution here is having high power density, compared to the actual renewable energy dependent charging stations. The solution is flexible to incorporate Power-to-X conversions. Modular nature of the solution makes it easy to implement in city limits as well as in remote locations, along the highways, where grid availability can be challenging.

Placement of Infrastructure for Urban Electromobility: A Sustainable Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cláudia A. Soares Machado ◽

Harmi Takiya ◽

Charles Lincoln Kenji Yamamura ◽

José Alberto Quintanilha ◽

Fernando Tobal Berssaneti

Keyword(s):

Demand Uncertainty ◽

Central Area ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Charging Station ◽

High Investment ◽

Available Information ◽

Charging Stations ◽

Station Location ◽

Over the last few years, electric vehicles (EVs) have turned into viable urban transportation alternatives. Charging infrastructure is an issue, since high investment is needed and there is a lot of demand uncertainty. Seeking to fill gaps in past studies, this investigation proposes a set of procedures to identify the most adequate places for implementing the EV charging infrastructure. In order to identify the most favorable districts for the installation and operation of electric charging infrastructure in São Paulo city, the following public available information was considered: the density of points of interest (POIs), distribution of the average monthly per capita income, and number of daily trips made by transportation mode. The current electric vehicle charging network and most important business corridors were additionally taken into account. The investigation shows that districts with the largest demand for charging stations are located in the central area, where the population also exhibits the highest purchasing power. The charging station location process can be applied to other cities, and it is possible to use additional variables to measure social inequality.

A Tale of Two Entities

ACM Transactions on Internet of Things ◽

10.1145/3437258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Hossam ElHussini ◽

Chadi Assi ◽

Bassam Moussa ◽

Ribal Atallah ◽

Ali Ghrayeb

Keyword(s):

Power Flow ◽

Power Grid ◽

Communication Protocols ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Public Data ◽

Simulation Based ◽

Charging Stations ◽

The Impact ◽

With the growing market of Electric Vehicles (EV), the procurement of their charging infrastructure plays a crucial role in their adoption. Within the revolution of Internet of Things, the EV charging infrastructure is getting on board with the introduction of smart Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS), a myriad set of communication protocols, and different entities. We provide in this article an overview of this infrastructure detailing the participating entities and the communication protocols. Further, we contextualize the current deployment of EVCSs through the use of available public data. In the light of such a survey, we identify two key concerns, the lack of standardization and multiple points of failures, which renders the current deployment of EV charging infrastructure vulnerable to an array of different attacks. Moreover, we propose a novel attack scenario that exploits the unique characteristics of the EVCSs and their protocol (such as high power wattage and support for reverse power flow) to cause disturbances to the power grid. We investigate three different attack variations; sudden surge in power demand, sudden surge in power supply, and a switching attack. To support our claims, we showcase using a real-world example how an adversary can compromise an EVCS and create a traffic bottleneck by tampering with the charging schedules of EVs. Further, we perform a simulation-based study of the impact of our proposed attack variations on the WSCC 9 bus system. Our simulations show that an adversary can cause devastating effects on the power grid, which might result in blackout and cascading failure by comprising a small number of EVCSs.

Determining Equipment Capacity of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Operator for Profit Maximization

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11092301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2301 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Se Baik ◽

Young Jin ◽

Yong Yoon

Keyword(s):

Capital Investment ◽

Storage System ◽

Profit Maximization ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Auxiliary Equipment ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Physical Constraints ◽

Charging Station ◽

Study Results ◽

Related to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gases, numerous electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to be integrated to the power grid. However, the introduction of EVs, particularly in Korea, is still marginal due to the lack of EV charging infrastructure, even though various supportive policies exist. To address this shortage of EV charging stations, the EV charging business needs to be profitable. As with any business, the profitability of the EV charging business is significantly affected by the initial capital investment related to EV chargers and auxiliary equipment such as power conditioning system (PCS), battery energy storage system (BESS), and on-site photovoltaic (PV) generation system. Thus, we propose a formulation to determine the number of EV chargers and the capacity of auxiliary equipment with the objective of a charging station operator (CSO) maximizing profit under regulatory, economic, and physical constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with simulations considering various EV charging patterns. The study results will help improve the EV charging infrastructure by encouraging individuals and companies to participate in EV charging business.

Electric Vehicles and the Future of Energy Efficient Transportation - Advances in Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering ◽

Microgrid-Based Sustainable E-Bike Charging Station

10.4018/978-1-7998-7626-7.ch006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 144-167

Author(s):

Ghanishtha Bhatti ◽

Raja Singh R.

Keyword(s):

Energy Savings ◽

Efficient Technology ◽

Dc Microgrid ◽

Power Efficient ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

The Public ◽

Charging Station ◽

Long Time ◽

Infrastructure Maintenance ◽

Charging Stations

This chapter focuses on developing a sustainable architecture for public electric motorbike charging stations. Electric motorbikes or electric bicycles (both referred to as e-bikes) are compact electric vehicles which are primarily battery-powered and driven solely by electric motors. This work conceptualizes a microgrid architecture which utilizes the integration of distributed generation energy resources providing the charging station nodes with sustainable power and increased fault tolerance. The charging stations proposed in the study increase the long-time energy savings of the infrastructure maintenance authorities while also reducing reliance on the public grid during peak hours. The photovoltaic-based DC microgrid is integrated with e-bike charging infrastructure, moving towards a future of eco-friendly and power-efficient technology.

A Comprehensive Review of Blockchain Technology Implementation in the EV Charging Infrastructure

10.4018/978-1-7998-6858-3.ch003 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 38-67

Author(s):

Toni Zhimomi ◽

Mohammad Saad Alam ◽

Hafiz Malik

Keyword(s):

Technology Implementation ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Blockchain Technology ◽

Key Factor ◽

Communication Flow ◽

Electric Vehicle Adoption ◽

Charging Stations ◽

Charging infrastructure is a key factor in successful electric vehicle adoption. Charging stations are still a fragmented market in terms of ownership, lack of standards, and charging protocols. The increasing decentralised grid has made energy and communication flow bi-directional. Challenges arise in maintaining the increasing decentralised structure, security, and privacy of the network. Blockchain facilitates the interconnectedness of such a distributed and decentralised network. Blockchain's versatility lies in its transparent and immutable decentralized architecture that enables direct transactions between users without the need of a middleman. It provides powerful safeguards against cyberattacks with its advanced cryptography enabling privacy-preserving authentication. This chapter presents a comprehensive review on the application of blockchain technology in EV charging infrastructure such as facilitating the peer-to-peer energy exchange, increased security and privacy, immutable transactions, and mitigating trust issues among the participants in the charging infrastructure.

Controllability Evaluation of EV Charging Infrastructure Transformed from Gas Stations in Distribution Networks with Renewables

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12081577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1577

Author(s):

Shuang Gao ◽

Jianzhong Wu ◽

Bin Xu

Keyword(s):

Power Distribution ◽

Queuing Theory ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Optimal Dispatch ◽

Gas Stations ◽

Charging Stations ◽

The Impact ◽

A considerable market share of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected in the near future, which leads to a transformation from gas stations to EV charging infrastructure for automobiles. EV charging stations will be integrated with the power grid to replace the fuel consumption at the gas stations for the same mobile needs. In order to evaluate the impact on distribution networks and the controllability of the charging load, the temporal and spatial distribution of the charging power is calculated by establishing mapping the relation between gas stations and charging facilities. Firstly, the arrival and parking period is quantified by applying queuing theory and defining membership function between EVs to parking lots. Secondly, the operational model of charging stations connected to the power distribution network is formulated, and the control variables and their boundaries are identified. Thirdly, an optimal control algorithm is proposed, which combines the configuration of charging stations and charging power regulation during the parking period of each individual EV. A two-stage hybrid optimization algorithm is developed to solve the reliability constrained optimal dispatch problem for EVs, with an EV aggregator installed at each charging station. Simulation results validate the proposed method in evaluating the controllability of EV charging infrastructure and the synergy effects between EV and renewable integration.

Optimal Distribution Grid Operation Using DLMP-Based Pricing for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in a Smart City

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12040686 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 686 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bruno Canizes ◽

João Soares ◽

Zita Vale ◽

Juan Corchado

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Pricing ◽

Distribution System ◽

Smart City ◽

User Behavior ◽

Distribution Grid ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Energy Pricing ◽

The Impact ◽

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is growing in popularity each year, and as a result, considerable demand increase is expected in the distribution network (DN). Additionally, the uncertainty of EV user behavior is high, making it urgent to understand its impact on the network. Thus, this paper proposes an EV user behavior simulator, which operates in conjunction with an innovative smart distribution locational marginal pricing based on operation/reconfiguration, for the purpose of understanding the impact of the dynamic energy pricing on both sides: the grid and the user. The main goal, besides the distribution system operator (DSO) expenditure minimization, is to understand how and to what extent dynamic pricing of energy for EV charging can positively affect the operation of the smart grid and the EV charging cost. A smart city with a 13-bus DN and a high penetration of distributed energy resources is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed models. The results demonstrate that dynamic energy pricing for EV charging is an efficient approach that increases monetary savings considerably for both the DSO and EV users.