Managing 5G Converged Core With Access Traffic Steering, Switching, and Splitting

2021 ◽  
pp. 609-626
Author(s):  
Toktam Mahmoodi ◽  
Stephen H. Johnson ◽  
Massimo Condoluci ◽  
Vicknesan Ayadurai ◽  
Maria A. Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Transport Protocol ◽  
Network Convergence ◽  
Link Utilization ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Hybrid Access ◽  
Session Setup ◽  
Traffic Steering

This chapter discusses the ongoing work around hybrid access and network convergence, with particular emphasis on recent works on ATSSS in 3GPP. Three main aspects are analyzed: policy enforcement, integration with 5G QoS framework, interaction with underlying multi-path transport protocol. The chapter also provides some preliminary testbed results showing the benefits of ATSSS in the management of multiple accesses analyzing some primary performance indicators such as achievable data rates, link utilization for aggregated traffic, and session setup latency. The chapter also provides some results by considering two examples of realization of ATSSS policies to avoid inefficiency in link utilization and to allow the fulfillment of data rate requirements.

Managing 5G Converged Core With Access Traffic Steering, Switching, and Splitting

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Toktam Mahmoodi ◽  
Stephen H. Johnson ◽  
Massimo Condoluci ◽  
Vicknesan Ayadurai ◽  
Maria A. Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Transport Protocol ◽  
Network Convergence ◽  
Link Utilization ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Hybrid Access ◽  
Session Setup ◽  
Traffic Steering

This chapter discusses the ongoing work around hybrid access and network convergence, with particular emphasis on recent works on ATSSS in 3GPP. Three main aspects are analyzed: policy enforcement, integration with 5G QoS framework, interaction with underlying multi-path transport protocol. The chapter also provides some preliminary testbed results showing the benefits of ATSSS in the management of multiple accesses analyzing some primary performance indicators such as achievable data rates, link utilization for aggregated traffic, and session setup latency. The chapter also provides some results by considering two examples of realization of ATSSS policies to avoid inefficiency in link utilization and to allow the fulfillment of data rate requirements.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis, Characteristics, and Simulation of Digital QAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Voudoukis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Digital Transmission ◽  
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Awgn Channel ◽  
Data Rates

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or QAM is a form of modulation which is widely used for modulating data signals onto a carrier used for radio communications. QAM, when used for digital transmission for radio communications applications is able to carry higher data rates than ordinary amplitude modulated schemes and phase modulated schemes. This paper presents the various fields where QAM can be implemented, describes modulator/demodulator block diagrams for transmitters as well as receivers, provides an introduction of certain performance indicators of modulation and a list of applications using alternative implementations of QAM. Also the paper presents a simulation of QAM using Simulink (example of 16-QAM signal) with signal trajectors and constellation plots. It is compared the theoretical and simulated Bit Error Rate (BER) for 16-QAM with Gray coding in an AWGN channel. Some general conclusions are also cited.

scholarly journals Traffic Steering for eMBB in Multi-Connectivity Scenarios

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Jesús Burgueño ◽  
Isabel de-la-Bandera ◽  
David Palacios ◽  
Raquel Barco
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Opinion Score ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Throughput Improvement ◽  
Radio Resources ◽  
Traffic Steering

Multi-connectivity (MC) is one of the most important features to be introduced in 5G networks, allowing User Equipment (UE) to simultaneously aggregate radio resources from several network nodes to enhance both data rates and reliability. Thus, this feature enables a further flexibility in the allocation of resources to the UEs in order to fulfil the users’ requirements in more complex 5G scenarios. This paper takes advantage of this wide flexibility to present a traffic steering approach that determines the amount of traffic to be held by each of the serving nodes in a multi-connectivity scenario. In this sense, the proposed technique is based on network and UE performance metrics in order to maximize the users’ perceived quality of experience (QoE) for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services. It is then compared with a homogeneous traffic split among the serving nodes, with a single-connectivity approach and with state-of-the-art solutions. The benefits are analysed in terms of throughput and Mean Opinion Score (MOS), which is the main QoE metric. The analysis shows that a noticeable UE throughput improvement is reached when the proposed traffic steering method is applied. Consequently, this enhancement is noticed in the users’ QoE, which can lead to a reduction of operating expenses (OPEX) of the network.

scholarly journals Protocol-Based and Hybrid Access Control for the IoT: Approaches and Research Opportunities

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6832
Author(s):  
Shantanu Pal ◽  
Zahra Jadidi
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Hybrid Access ◽  
Authentication And Authorization ◽  
Open Issues

Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services are becoming more prevalent in our everyday life. However, such an interconnected network of intelligent physical entities needs appropriate security to sensitive information. That said, the need for proper authentication and authorization is paramount. Access control is in the front line of such mechanisms. Access control determines the use of resources only to the specified and authorized users based on appropriate policy enforcement. IoT demands more sophisticated access control in terms of its usability and efficiency in protecting sensitive information. This conveys the need for access control to serve system-specific requirements and be flexibly combined with other access control approaches. In this paper, we discuss the potential for employing protocol-based and hybrid access control for IoT systems and examine how that can overcome the limitations of traditional access control mechanisms. We also focus on the key benefits and constraints of this integration. Our work further enhances the need to build hierarchical access control for large-scale IoT systems (e.g., Industrial IoT (IIoT) settings) with protocol-based and hybrid access control approaches. We, moreover, list the associated open issues to make such approaches efficient for access control in large-scale IoT systems.

Performance indicators for student services

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Aldridge ◽  
David Legge
Keyword(s):  
Student Services ◽  
Performance Indicators

Characteristics, Features of Development, Regional and Sectoral Determinants of High-tech Business in Russia

2017 ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yusupova ◽  
S. Khalimova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Business Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
High Tech Sector ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
High Level

The paper deals with the research devoted to characteristics of high tech business development in Russia. Companies’ performance indicators have been analyzed with the help of regression analysis and author’s scheme of leadership stability and sustainability assessment. Data provided by Russia’s Fast Growing High-Tech Companies’ National Rating (TechUp) during 2012-2016 were used. The results have revealed that the high tech sector is characterized by high level of uncertainty. Limited number of regions and sectors which form the basis for high tech business have been defined. Relationship between innovation activity’s indicators and export potential is determined.

Eurasian Economic Union: A sober look

2016 ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Member States ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Trade And Investment

The paper appraises current progress in establishing the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Although the progress has slowed down after the initial rapid advancement, the Union is better viewed not as an exception from the general rules of regional economic integration but rather as one of the functioning customs unions with its successes and stumbling blocs. The paper reviews the state of Eurasian institutions, the establishment of the single market of goods and services, the situation with mutual trade and investment flows among the member states, the ongoing work on the liquidation/unification of non-tariff barriers, the problems of the efficient coordination of macroeconomic policies, progress towards establishing an EAEU network of free trade areas with partners around the world, the state of the common labor market, and the dynamics of public opinion on Eurasian integration in the five member states.

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