PEER

While government agencies, NGOs, and even commercial entities immediately swing into action to help out, in the case of large disasters, one of the biggest resources – citizens themselves – are underutilized. The rise of social media creates an opportunity for the citizen participation for disaster response management. By harnessing the power of citizen crowdsourcing, the government can have enhanced disaster situation awareness and utilize resources provided by citizen volunteers, resulting in more effective disaster responses. In this paper, the prototype Public Engagement in Emergency Response (PEER) framework is presented. It provides a comprehensive online and mobile crowdsourcing platform for situation reporting and resource volunteering. Events are described that transpired in the aftermath of superstorm Sandy, which demonstrate the benefits of using the PEER framework in a major disaster situation. Also described is how it can alleviate some of the issues associated with the crowdsourcing responses such as fraud.

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Citizen-to-Citizen Resource Sharing in Emergency Response

Crowdsourcing ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8362-2.ch029 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 578-605

Author(s):

Soon Ae Chun ◽

Jaideep S. Vaidya ◽

Vijayalakshmi Atluri ◽

Basit Shafiq ◽

Nabil R. Adam

Keyword(s):

Citizen Participation ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Resource Sharing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Mobile Crowdsourcing ◽

Disaster Situation ◽

The Government

During large-scale manmade or natural disasters, such as Superstorm Sandy and Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, collaborations among government agencies, NGOs, and businesses need to be coordinated to provide necessary resources to respond to emergency events. However, resources from citizens themselves are underutilized, such as their equipment or expertise. The citizen participation via social media enhanced the situational awareness, but the response management is still mainly handled by the government or government-sanctioned partners. By harnessing the power of citizen crowdsourcing, government agencies can create enhanced disaster situation awareness and facilitate effective utilization of resources provided by citizen volunteers, resulting in more effective disaster responses. This chapter presents a public engagement in emergency response (PEER) framework that provides an online and mobile crowdsourcing platform for incident reporting and citizens' resource volunteering as well as an intelligent recommender system to match-make citizen resources with emergency tasks.

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Citizen-to-Citizen Resource Sharing in Emergency Response

New Approaches, Methods, and Tools in Urban E-Planning - Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5999-3.ch005 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 130-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soon Ae Chun ◽

Jaideep S. Vaidya ◽

Vijayalakshmi Atluri ◽

Basit Shafiq ◽

Nabil R. Adam

Keyword(s):

Citizen Participation ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Resource Sharing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Mobile Crowdsourcing ◽

Disaster Situation ◽

The Government

During large-scale manmade or natural disasters, such as Superstorm Sandy and Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, collaborations among government agencies, NGOs, and businesses need to be coordinated to provide necessary resources to respond to emergency events. However, resources from citizens themselves are underutilized, such as their equipment or expertise. The citizen participation via social media enhanced the situational awareness, but the response management is still mainly handled by the government or government-sanctioned partners. By harnessing the power of citizen crowdsourcing, government agencies can create enhanced disaster situation awareness and facilitate effective utilization of resources provided by citizen volunteers, resulting in more effective disaster responses. This chapter presents a public engagement in emergency response (PEER) framework that provides an online and mobile crowdsourcing platform for incident reporting and citizens' resource volunteering as well as an intelligent recommender system to match-make citizen resources with emergency tasks.

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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOVEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS FOR DISASTER RESPONSE MANAGEMENT UTILIZING CELL PHONE USAGE DATA

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsannals-ii-4-w2-217-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol II-4/W2 ◽

pp. 217-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Yasumiishi ◽

C. S. Renschler ◽

T. E. Bittner

Keyword(s):

Disaster Response ◽

Cell Phone ◽

Extreme Event ◽

Human Movement ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Communication Link ◽

Human Movements ◽

Major Disaster ◽

Disaster Response Management ◽

Usage Data

As cell phone usage becomes a norm in our daily lives, analysis and application of the data has become part of various research fields. This study focuses on the application of cell phone usage data to disaster response management. Cell phones work as a communication link between emergency responders and victims during and after a major disaster. This study recognizes that there are two kinds of disasters, one with an advance warning, and one without an advance warning. Different movement distance between a day with a blizzard (advanced warning) and a normal weather day was identified. In the scenario of a day with an extreme event without advanced warning (earthquake), factors that alter the phone users' movements were analyzed. Lastly, combining both cases, a conceptual model of human movement factors is proposed. Human movements consist of four factors that are push factors, movement-altering factors, derived attributes and constraint factors. Considering each category of factors in case of emergency, it should be necessary that we prepare different kinds of emergency response plans depending on the characteristics of a disaster.

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Comparing Actions and Lessons Learned in Transportation and Logistics Efforts for Emergency Response to Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Harvey

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management ◽

10.1515/jhsem-2019-0022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

John Collier ◽

Srijith Balakrishnan ◽

Zhanmin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hurricane Katrina ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Disaster Response ◽

New Technology ◽

Economic Loss ◽

The United States ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Primary Role ◽

Emergency Relief ◽

The Government

AbstractOver the past years, the frequency and scope of disasters affecting the United States have significantly increased. Government agencies have made efforts in improving the nation’s disaster response framework to minimize fatalities and economic loss due to disasters. Disaster response has evolved with the emergency management agencies incorporating systematic changes in their organization and emergency response functions to accommodate lessons learned from past disaster events. Technological advancements in disaster response have also improved the agencies’ ability to prepare for and respond to natural hazards. The transportation and logistics sector has a primary role in emergency response during and after disasters. In this light, this paper seeks to identify how effective policy changes and new technology have aided the transportation and logistics sector in emergency response and identify gaps in current practices for further improvement. Specifically, this study compares and contrasts the transportation and logistical support to emergency relief efforts during and after two major Hurricane events in the U.S., namely Hurricane Katrina (which affected New Orleans in 2005) and Hurricane Harvey (which affected Houston in 2017). This comparison intends to outline the major steps taken by the government and the private entities in the transportation and logistics sector to facilitate emergency response and the issues faced during the process. Finally, the paper summarizes the lessons learned from both the Hurricane events and provides recommendations for further improvements in transportation and logistical support to disaster response.

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Analysis of disaster characteristics and emergency response of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake

10.5194/nhess-2017-418 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Hong Chen ◽

Aihui Xu ◽

Minhao Qu

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Resource Mobilization ◽

Coordination Mechanisms ◽

Jiuzhaigou Earthquake ◽

Response Level ◽

Social Organizations ◽

Disaster Situation ◽

The Government

Abstract. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the disaster situation of the August 8, 2017, Ms 7.0 earthquake that occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China, and specifically describes the emergency response activities of all levels of the government, various departments, rescue teams, enterprises and public institutions as well as social organizations. The characteristics of the earthquake disaster and the emergency responses are analysed and summarized. The emergency response activities during the Jiuzhaigou earthquake exhibited three distinct characteristics relative to those during similar earthquakes. The response level and resource mobilization were appropriately and sensibly adjusted according to the development of the disaster, and various departments worked closely together to conduct multi-sector joint rescue efforts. Moreover, professional rescue forces and participating social organizations were more rationally mobilized. A set of effective disaster relief command and coordination mechanisms were established for cooperation between multiple departments and the participation of many social organizations under the leadership of the local government. Finally, newer and more effective technologies played an important role in the emergency response and rescue efforts following this earthquake.

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Government-led Resettlement after Natural Disasters as a Durable Solution? The Case of Cyclone Idai

Refugee Survey Quarterly ◽

10.1093/rsq/hdaa041 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carolien Jacobs ◽

Bernardo Almeida

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Decision Making ◽

High Risk ◽

Citizen Participation ◽

Disaster Response ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Short Term ◽

Risk Areas ◽

The Government ◽

Term Response

Abstract Thousands of people had to flee their homes when Cyclone Idai hit Mozambique in 2019. In its aftermath, the government resettled more than 80,000 people from high-risk areas to safer ground. This article analyses resettlement as a durable solution to disaster response. The question of durable resettlement due to climate-related displacement is especially pertinent in the light of ongoing climate change. Based on empirical research, we show that, although the government succeeded in providing a short-term response to the disaster, there are two major impediments to using resettlement as a durable solution: the lack of citizen participation in the decision-making process leading to resettlement; and the gap between the short-term humanitarian perspective and a longer-term development viewpoint. Resettlement can hardly be seen as a durable solution to climate-related displacement as long as key principles are not respected.

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Summary of Results

10.1093/oso/9780190698577.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Kuenzler

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Property Law ◽

Trademark Law ◽

Intellectual Property Law ◽

The Past ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

The Government ◽

Networked Economy

The persuasive force of the accepted account’s property logic has driven antitrust and intellectual property law jurisprudence for at least the past three decades. It has been through the theory of trademark ownership and the commercial strategy of branding that these laws led the courts to comprehend markets as fundamentally bifurcated—as operating according to discrete types of interbrand and intrabrand competition—a division that had an effect far beyond the confines of trademark law and resonates today in the way government agencies and courts evaluate the emerging challenges of the networked economy along the previously introduced distinction between intertype and intratype competition. While the government in its appeal to the Supreme Court in ...

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Meta-Governance

10.1093/oso/9780198825074.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Morten Egeberg ◽

Jarle Trondal

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Central Government ◽

Focal Point ◽

Reform Process ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Reform Processes ◽

The Government ◽

Central Government Agencies ◽

Instrumental Control

Chapter 8 draws attention to meta-governance and how the governing of reforms is affected by how reform processes are organized. The chapter asks how reformers can ensure support for large-scale reforms that are likely to attract profound resistance. The focal point of the chapter is a study of geographical decentralization of central government agencies. The chapter argues that successful meta-governance can be provided for by careful organization of the reform process. The empirical case studied is a large-scale relocation of government agencies in Norway during the early 2000s. In carrying out this reform, the government succeeded against the odds. Most importantly, research has revealed huge constraints on the instrumental control of large-scale reforms in general and of geographical relocation of organizations in particular. Yet, this chapter shows that large-scale reforms can be successfully achieved through careful crafting of the reform organization.

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