PEER

While government agencies, NGOs, and even commercial entities immediately swing into action to help out, in the case of large disasters, one of the biggest resources – citizens themselves – are underutilized. The rise of social media creates an opportunity for the citizen participation for disaster response management. By harnessing the power of citizen crowdsourcing, the government can have enhanced disaster situation awareness and utilize resources provided by citizen volunteers, resulting in more effective disaster responses. In this paper, the prototype Public Engagement in Emergency Response (PEER) framework is presented. It provides a comprehensive online and mobile crowdsourcing platform for situation reporting and resource volunteering. Events are described that transpired in the aftermath of superstorm Sandy, which demonstrate the benefits of using the PEER framework in a major disaster situation. Also described is how it can alleviate some of the issues associated with the crowdsourcing responses such as fraud.

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Citizen-to-Citizen Resource Sharing in Emergency Response

Crowdsourcing ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8362-2.ch029 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 578-605

Author(s):

Soon Ae Chun ◽

Jaideep S. Vaidya ◽

Vijayalakshmi Atluri ◽

Basit Shafiq ◽

Nabil R. Adam

Keyword(s):

Citizen Participation ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Resource Sharing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Mobile Crowdsourcing ◽

Disaster Situation ◽

The Government

During large-scale manmade or natural disasters, such as Superstorm Sandy and Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, collaborations among government agencies, NGOs, and businesses need to be coordinated to provide necessary resources to respond to emergency events. However, resources from citizens themselves are underutilized, such as their equipment or expertise. The citizen participation via social media enhanced the situational awareness, but the response management is still mainly handled by the government or government-sanctioned partners. By harnessing the power of citizen crowdsourcing, government agencies can create enhanced disaster situation awareness and facilitate effective utilization of resources provided by citizen volunteers, resulting in more effective disaster responses. This chapter presents a public engagement in emergency response (PEER) framework that provides an online and mobile crowdsourcing platform for incident reporting and citizens' resource volunteering as well as an intelligent recommender system to match-make citizen resources with emergency tasks.

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Citizen-to-Citizen Resource Sharing in Emergency Response

New Approaches, Methods, and Tools in Urban E-Planning - Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5999-3.ch005 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 130-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soon Ae Chun ◽

Jaideep S. Vaidya ◽

Vijayalakshmi Atluri ◽

Basit Shafiq ◽

Nabil R. Adam

Keyword(s):

Citizen Participation ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Resource Sharing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Mobile Crowdsourcing ◽

Disaster Situation ◽

The Government

During large-scale manmade or natural disasters, such as Superstorm Sandy and Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, collaborations among government agencies, NGOs, and businesses need to be coordinated to provide necessary resources to respond to emergency events. However, resources from citizens themselves are underutilized, such as their equipment or expertise. The citizen participation via social media enhanced the situational awareness, but the response management is still mainly handled by the government or government-sanctioned partners. By harnessing the power of citizen crowdsourcing, government agencies can create enhanced disaster situation awareness and facilitate effective utilization of resources provided by citizen volunteers, resulting in more effective disaster responses. This chapter presents a public engagement in emergency response (PEER) framework that provides an online and mobile crowdsourcing platform for incident reporting and citizens' resource volunteering as well as an intelligent recommender system to match-make citizen resources with emergency tasks.

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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOVEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS FOR DISASTER RESPONSE MANAGEMENT UTILIZING CELL PHONE USAGE DATA

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsannals-ii-4-w2-217-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol II-4/W2 ◽

pp. 217-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Yasumiishi ◽

C. S. Renschler ◽

T. E. Bittner

Keyword(s):

Disaster Response ◽

Cell Phone ◽

Extreme Event ◽

Human Movement ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Communication Link ◽

Human Movements ◽

Major Disaster ◽

Disaster Response Management ◽

Usage Data

As cell phone usage becomes a norm in our daily lives, analysis and application of the data has become part of various research fields. This study focuses on the application of cell phone usage data to disaster response management. Cell phones work as a communication link between emergency responders and victims during and after a major disaster. This study recognizes that there are two kinds of disasters, one with an advance warning, and one without an advance warning. Different movement distance between a day with a blizzard (advanced warning) and a normal weather day was identified. In the scenario of a day with an extreme event without advanced warning (earthquake), factors that alter the phone users' movements were analyzed. Lastly, combining both cases, a conceptual model of human movement factors is proposed. Human movements consist of four factors that are push factors, movement-altering factors, derived attributes and constraint factors. Considering each category of factors in case of emergency, it should be necessary that we prepare different kinds of emergency response plans depending on the characteristics of a disaster.

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Public engagement and consultation: decide, announce and defend?

Transport Matters ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447329558.003.0011 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 251-278

Author(s):

Tom Cohen ◽

Dan Durrant

Keyword(s):

Citizen Participation ◽

Public Engagement ◽

High Speed ◽

Innovative Approach ◽

Open Approach ◽

Town Meeting ◽

Methodical Approach ◽

Engagement Process ◽

Multi Criteria Analysis ◽

The Government

Phase One of the UK’s High Speed 2 (HS2) rail project is taken as a representative example of the government’s approach to citizen participation with respect to planning major infrastructure projects. The engagement process in general and the 2011 national consultation in particular are found to be paradigm cases of “decide, announce and defend”, in spite of an increasing need for scheme sponsors to take a more inclusive and open approach to planning. A methodical approach to selecting engagement techniques produces three approaches – deliberative polling, the 21st century town meeting, and participatory multi-criteria analysis – that appear well suited to a project such as HS2. Without suggesting that any of these would have been a panacea, it is possible to conclude that the government could have pursued a more innovative approach to participation.

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Government-led Resettlement after Natural Disasters as a Durable Solution? The Case of Cyclone Idai

Refugee Survey Quarterly ◽

10.1093/rsq/hdaa041 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carolien Jacobs ◽

Bernardo Almeida

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Decision Making ◽

High Risk ◽

Citizen Participation ◽

Disaster Response ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Short Term ◽

Risk Areas ◽

The Government ◽

Term Response

Abstract Thousands of people had to flee their homes when Cyclone Idai hit Mozambique in 2019. In its aftermath, the government resettled more than 80,000 people from high-risk areas to safer ground. This article analyses resettlement as a durable solution to disaster response. The question of durable resettlement due to climate-related displacement is especially pertinent in the light of ongoing climate change. Based on empirical research, we show that, although the government succeeded in providing a short-term response to the disaster, there are two major impediments to using resettlement as a durable solution: the lack of citizen participation in the decision-making process leading to resettlement; and the gap between the short-term humanitarian perspective and a longer-term development viewpoint. Resettlement can hardly be seen as a durable solution to climate-related displacement as long as key principles are not respected.

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Flood alleviation in a heavily urbanized area – Kai Tak Nullah, Hong Kong

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2012.096 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Alan K. L. Chan ◽

Colin K. C. Wong ◽

Robin H. N. Lee ◽

Mike W. H. Cho

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Public Engagement ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Hydraulic Modelling ◽

The Public ◽

Design Considerations ◽

Urbanized Area ◽

Development Area ◽

The Government ◽

Exercise Design

The existing Kai Tak Nullah flows from Po Kong Village Road along Choi Hung Road and Tung Tau Estate into Kai Tak Development Area before discharging into the Victoria Harbour. Historically its upstream has been subject to flooding under storm conditions and this has had serious repercussions for the adjacent urban areas. A study has been commissioned by the Drainage Services Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China to investigate the flood mechanisms and to provide flood alleviation measures by improving the capacity of the Kai Tak Nullah. In addition to flood alleviation, there is a strong public aspiration to rehabilitate the Kai Tak Nullah by a comparatively natural river design. Since the Kai Tak Nullah is located within a heavily urbanized area, traffic and environmental impacts are also highly concerned. The final flood alleviation scheme has thus had to strike a balance among the aforesaid factors with assistance from the hydraulic modelling utilizing InfoWorks Collection Systems (CS) software. This paper presents the public engagement exercise, design considerations, methodologies, and recommendations regarding the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the Kai Tak Nullah.

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Summary of Results

10.1093/oso/9780190698577.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Kuenzler

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Property Law ◽

Trademark Law ◽

Intellectual Property Law ◽

The Past ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

The Government ◽

Networked Economy

The persuasive force of the accepted account’s property logic has driven antitrust and intellectual property law jurisprudence for at least the past three decades. It has been through the theory of trademark ownership and the commercial strategy of branding that these laws led the courts to comprehend markets as fundamentally bifurcated—as operating according to discrete types of interbrand and intrabrand competition—a division that had an effect far beyond the confines of trademark law and resonates today in the way government agencies and courts evaluate the emerging challenges of the networked economy along the previously introduced distinction between intertype and intratype competition. While the government in its appeal to the Supreme Court in ...

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Meta-Governance

10.1093/oso/9780198825074.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Morten Egeberg ◽

Jarle Trondal

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Central Government ◽

Focal Point ◽

Reform Process ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Reform Processes ◽

The Government ◽

Central Government Agencies ◽

Instrumental Control

Chapter 8 draws attention to meta-governance and how the governing of reforms is affected by how reform processes are organized. The chapter asks how reformers can ensure support for large-scale reforms that are likely to attract profound resistance. The focal point of the chapter is a study of geographical decentralization of central government agencies. The chapter argues that successful meta-governance can be provided for by careful organization of the reform process. The empirical case studied is a large-scale relocation of government agencies in Norway during the early 2000s. In carrying out this reform, the government succeeded against the odds. Most importantly, research has revealed huge constraints on the instrumental control of large-scale reforms in general and of geographical relocation of organizations in particular. Yet, this chapter shows that large-scale reforms can be successfully achieved through careful crafting of the reform organization.

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