Resource Efficient Clustering and Next Hop Knowledge Based Routing in Multiple Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Priya Ranjan ◽  
Radhakrishnan Ramaswami ◽  
Malay Ranjan Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Control Packets

Wireless sensor networks are useful in various industrial, commercial, Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE) and many important tracking purpose applications. Energy is a limited and not replaceable. Hence it is the most focused research area in the field of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, Cluster Based Energy Resource Efficient & Next Hop Knowledge based Routing Protocol (CBERERP) is proposed for multiple heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. For any routing protocol, energy resources generally depend on number of message exchanges, transmission of data and control packets among the various sensor nodes to reach an agreement. CBERERP uses distributed concept for selection of cluster head among of heterogeneous nodes and intelligent cluster formation to minimize the energy consumption. Further, the proposed protocol reduces energy using a routing technique which minimizes the hop distance, the number of transmission of data and the number of control packets.

Resource Efficient Clustering and Next Hop Knowledge Based Routing in Multiple Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Priya Ranjan ◽  
Radhakrishnan Ramaswami ◽  
Malay Ranjan Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Control Packets

Wireless sensor networks are useful in various industrial, commercial, Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE) and many important tracking purpose applications. Energy is a limited and not replaceable. Hence it is the most focused research area in the field of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, Cluster Based Energy Resource Efficient & Next Hop Knowledge based Routing Protocol (CBERERP) is proposed for multiple heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. For any routing protocol, energy resources generally depend on number of message exchanges, transmission of data and control packets among the various sensor nodes to reach an agreement. CBERERP uses distributed concept for selection of cluster head among of heterogeneous nodes and intelligent cluster formation to minimize the energy consumption. Further, the proposed protocol reduces energy using a routing technique which minimizes the hop distance, the number of transmission of data and the number of control packets.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baniata ◽  
Jiman Hong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

The recent advances in sensing and communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have enabled low-priced distributed monitoring systems that are the foundation of smart cities. These advances are also helping to monitor smart cities and making our living environments workable. However, sensor nodes are constrained in energy supply if they have no constant power supply. Moreover, communication links can be easily failed because of unequal node energy depletion. The energy constraints and link failures affect the performance and quality of the sensor network. Therefore, designing a routing protocol that minimizes energy consumption and maximizes the network lifetime should be considered in the design of the routing protocol for WSN. In this paper, we propose an Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering (EEUCLC) protocol which has a suboptimal multihop routing algorithm to reduce the burden on the cluster head and a probability-based cluster head selection algorithm to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the EEUCLC mechanism enhanced the energy balance and prolonged the network lifetime compared to other related protocols.

scholarly journals EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Sayed Seno ◽  
Doaa Abd Ali ◽  
Mohammed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Effective Transfer

Recently, different applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the industry fields using different data transfer protocols has been developed. As the energy of sensor nodes is limited, prolonging network lifetime in WSNs considered a significant occurrence. To develop network permanence, researchers had considered energy consuming in routing protocols of WSNs by using modified Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy. This article presents a developed effective transfer protocols for autonomic WSNs. An efficient routing scheme for wireless sensor network regarded as significant components of electronic devices is proposed. An optimal election probability of a node to be cluster head has being presented. In addition, this article uses a Voronoi diagram, which decomposes the nodes into zone around each node. This diagram used in management architecture for WSNs.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient QoS-Aware Intelligent Hybrid Clustered Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Parvinder Singh ◽  
Rajeshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

A wireless sensor network consists of numerous low-power microsensor devices that can be deployed in a geographical area for remote sensing, surveillance, control, and monitoring applications. The advancements of wireless devices in terms of user-friendly interface, size, and deployment cost have given rise to many smart applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, certain issues like energy efficiency, long lifetime, and communication reliability restrict their large scale utilization. In WSNs, the cluster-based routing protocols assist nodes to collect, aggregate, and forward sensed data from event regions towards the sink node through minimum cost links. A clustering method helps to improve data transmission efficiency by dividing the sensor nodes into small groups. However, improper cluster head (CH) selection may affect the network lifetime, average network energy, and other quality of service (QoS) parameters. In this paper, a multiobjective clustering strategy is proposed to optimize the energy consumption, network lifetime, network throughput, and network delay. A fitness function has been formulated for heterogenous and homogenous wireless sensor networks. This fitness function is utilized to select an optimum CH for energy minimization and load balancing of cluster heads. A new hybrid clustered routing protocol is proposed based on fitness function. The simulation results conclude that the proposed protocol achieves better efficiency in increasing the network lifetime by 63%, 26%, and 10% compared with three well-known heterogeneous protocols: DEEC, EDDEEC, and ATEER, respectively. The proposed strategy also attains better network stability than a homogenous LEACH protocol.

scholarly journals Optimized Cluster-Based Dynamic Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture Precision

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Naseer Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Umair Bashir ◽  
Jaime Lloret ◽  
Antonio Leon
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Gateway Node ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming one of the demanding platforms, where sensor nodes are sensing and monitoring the physical or environmental conditions and transmit the data to the base station via multihop routing. Agriculture sector also adopted these networks to promote innovations for environmental friendly farming methods, lower the management cost, and achieve scientific cultivation. Due to limited capabilities, the sensor nodes have suffered with energy issues and complex routing processes and lead to data transmission failure and delay in the sensor-based agriculture fields. Due to these limitations, the sensor nodes near the base station are always relaying on it and cause extra burden on base station or going into useless state. To address these issues, this study proposes a Gateway Clustering Energy-Efficient Centroid- (GCEEC-) based routing protocol where cluster head is selected from the centroid position and gateway nodes are selected from each cluster. Gateway node reduces the data load from cluster head nodes and forwards the data towards the base station. Simulation has performed to evaluate the proposed protocol with state-of-the-art protocols. The experimental results indicated the better performance of proposed protocol and provide more feasible WSN-based monitoring for temperature, humidity, and illumination in agriculture sector.

A Clustering Protocol for Maximum Coverage in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim Jerbi ◽  
Abderrahmen Guermazi ◽  
Hafedh Trabelsi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
Adaptive Clustering

The optimum use of coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is very important. The hierarchical routing protocol LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is referred to as the basic algorithm of distributed clustering protocols. LEACH allows clusters formation. Each cluster has a leader called Cluster Head (CH). The selection of CHs is made with a probabilistic calculation. It is supposed that each non-CH node join a cluster and becomes a cluster member. Nevertheless, some CHs can be concentrated in a specific part of the network. Thus several sensor nodes cannot reach any CH. As a result, the remaining part of the controlled field will not be covered; some sensor nodes will be outside the network. To solve this problem, the authors propose O-LEACH (Orphan Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a routing protocol that takes into account the orphan nodes. O-LEACH presents two scenarios, a gateway and sub cluster that allow the joining of orphan nodes.

scholarly journals SHRP - Secure Hybrid Routing Protocol over Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Balaubramanian Muthusenthil ◽  
Hyunsung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Greedy Forwarding

A data collection via secure routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)has given attention to one of security issues. WSNs pose unique security challengesdue to their inherent limitations in communication and computing, which makes vulnerableto various attacks. Thus, how to gather data securely and efficiently based onrouting protocol is an important issue of WSNs. In this paper, we propose a securehybrid routing protocol, denoted by SHRP, which combines the geographic basedscheme and hierarchical scheme. First of all, SHRP differentiates sensor nodes intotwo categories, nodes with GPS (NG) and nodes with antennas (NA), to put differentroles. After proposing a new clustering scheme, which uses a new weight factor toselect cluster head efficiently by using energy level, center weight and mobility afterforming cluster, we propose routing scheme based on greedy forwarding. The packetsin SHRP are protected based on symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystem, which providesconfidentiality, integrity and authenticity. The performance analyses are doneby using NS2 and show that SHRP could get better results of packet loss rate, deliveryratio, end to end delay and network lifetime compared to the well known previousschemes.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol Based on Zone for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jia Yanfei ◽  
Chen Guangda ◽  
Zhao Liquan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are randomly distributed in some regions. In some applications, they may be randomly distributed in different regions. Besides, nodes with the same type have almost the same probability to be selected as cluster head. The cluster head will consume much more energy to receive and transmit data than the other nodes. If nodes with little residual energy have been elected as cluster heads, it will affect the efficiency of the network due to its early death. An improved energy-efficient routing protocol is proposed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Firstly, it supposes that the different types of nodes are distributed in different zones. Secondly, by improving the threshold, nodes with large residual energy have a greater possibility of becoming cluster heads. In the end, it designs a mixed data transmission method. The cluster heads of supper nodes and advance nodes directly transmit data to the base station. The normal nodes adopt single hops and multiple hops mixed methods to transmit data. This can minimize the energy of the communication from cluster head to base station. Simulation results show that this algorithm has achieved a longer lifetime for the wireless sensor network than stable election protocol and threshold-sensitive stable election protocol algorithm.

Energy Efficient Routing Protocol using relay node in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar Nigam ◽  
Chetna Dabas
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Background: The demand of Wireless sensor networks have elevated exceedingly by virtue of broad capability of the sensor networks to relate the physical environment. Sensor devices depend on battery capability and are deployed in adverse environments and it becomes extremely difficult to replace. Thus, elaborating the energy of sensor nodes becomes vital. Method: G-LEACH is proposed by introducing competent cluster head replacement strategy and adding a relay node to increase the network stability and node lifetime. Conclusion: Simulation is performed in NS-2. The proposed G-LEACH is examined with existing LEACH and MODLEACH protocols and the simulation results depicts that G-LEACH outperforms the conventional LEACH and MODLEACH and thereby enhancing the lifetime by rotating the CHs and minimizing the energy dissipation.

Minimizing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks by Partition

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Wen Zhi Zhu ◽  
Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

In wireless sensor networks, clustering class routing protocol is an important protocol type. Different clustering methods, and cluster head selection method directly affects the energy consumption of the entire network communication. This paper studies the effect of different partition methods of the network energy consumption, and to study the partitioning methods under the conditions of uneven distribution of nodes. We believe that energy efficiency clustering method should adapt the distributed of sensor nodes in order to improve energy efficiency. And according to the partition method we propose a low-power adaptive clustering routing protocol based on node distribution to partition. The protocol can effectively extend the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can effectively prolong the network lifetime.

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