Matching Word-Order Variations and Sorting Results for the iEPG Data Search

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Denis Kiselev ◽  
Rafal Rzepka ◽  
Kenji Araki
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Finite State Automaton ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Search System ◽  
Parameter Evaluation ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Baseline System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Morphological Parsing

This paper describes using a finite-state automaton (FSA) to retrieve Japanese TV guide text. The proposed FSA application can be considered novel due to lack of research on the subject. The automaton has been implemented for matching and extracting all possible combinations of search query words in all possible word orders that may be present in the TV guide text. This implementation also sorts the extraction results by analyzing word semantic features (such as “being an object” or “being a property of an object”). The present paper also proposes a search system using the above implementation and compares it with a baseline system that matches query words (of multi-word queries) in exactly the same and exactly the opposite word orders only. Both systems use morphological parsing and apply a stop list to the query. A multi-parameter evaluation has shown advantages of the proposed system over the baseline one.

scholarly journals ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНІ ОДИНИЦІ ТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ГРУПИ “ПОГОДА” В СУЧАСНІЙ НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВІ: СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНИЙ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИЙ АСПЕКТИ

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Світлана Дружбяк ◽  
Христина Гаф’як
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Search System ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Resource Search ◽  
Cation System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Bad Weather

The article analyzes the structural and semantic features of German phraseological units of the thematic group “Weather”. This thematic group was chosen for the study given the great importance of weather conditions for various spheres of human life, especially for agriculture, which is undoubtedly refl ected in the language by the presence of a large number of features, descriptions and phraseological units. The study is based on the electronic resource “Oldphras”. Three hundred and four phraseological units, which are the subject of this study, were identifi ed by using the resource search system. The main thematic subgroups are Wetter “weather”, Regen “rain”, Hagel “hail”, Blitz “lightning”, Donner “thunder”, Nebel “fog”, Wind “wind”, Sturm “storm”, Gewitter “bad weather”, Schnee “Snow”, Wolke “cloud”, Frost “frost”, Hitze “heat”, Sonne “sun”, Himmel “sky”, Jahreszeit “season”, Winter “winter”, Frühling “spring”, Sommer “summer”. The electronic resource allows us to accurately understand the meaning of the selected units, as the page has an explanation of each of them, as well as to see whether this phraseology is relevant in modern German and whether it has undergone some changes. The next step was to classify phraseological units according to their structure and semantics. According to the criterion of structure, phraseological units constitute the “phrasicon” of a language – that is, the whole inventory of idioms and phrases, both word-like and sentencelike set expressions. Using these criteria, the fi rst type includes the following compounds: in den Wind reden – “waste (one’s) breath”; Wind haben – “as hungry as a hunter”; in allen Himmeln schweben – “head in the clouds”; Sturm läuten – “to ring the alarm bell”. As for the second type, here are the following examples: Sie hat wohl der Blitz beim letzten Schiß erwischt? – “Are you insane?”; Аhа, daher weht der Wind! – “That’s what the smell is!”; jetzt pfeift der Wind aus einem anderen Loch (jetzt pfeift ein anderer Wind) – “change one`s tune”. The results indicate that sentence-like expressions account for 31.6 % of the entire sample, while word-like ones comprise 68.4 %. Also, we have made use of V. V. Vinogradov’s classifi cation system which is based on the degree of semantic cohesion between the components of a phraseological unit. As a result, the selected phraseological units were classifi ed by translation methods, and it was determined that the most commonly used methods are analogues (41.5 %) and descriptive (36.6 %) ones, while equivalent, combined, antonymous, loan translation, and translation in one word are much less fr).equent (21.9 % altogether). Key words: phraseological unit, translation, semantics, translation equivalence, translation transformations.

scholarly journals Combable functions, quasimorphisms, and the central limit theorem

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANNY CALEGARI ◽  
KOJI FUJIWARA
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Central Limit ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Hyperbolic Groups ◽  
Finite State Automaton ◽  
List Type ◽  
Generating Sets ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Word Hyperbolic Groups

AbstractA function on a discrete group is weakly combable if its discrete derivative with respect to a combing can be calculated by a finite-state automaton. A weakly combable function is bicombable if it is Lipschitz in both the left- and right-invariant word metrics. Examples of bicombable functions on word-hyperbolic groups include:(1)homomorphisms to ℤ;(2)word length with respect to a finite generating set;(3)most known explicit constructions of quasimorphisms (e.g. the Epstein–Fujiwara counting quasimorphisms).We show that bicombable functions on word-hyperbolic groups satisfy acentral limit theorem: if$\overline {\phi }_n$is the value of ϕ on a random element of word lengthn(in a certain sense), there areEandσfor which there is convergence in the sense of distribution$n^{-1/2}(\overline {\phi }_n - nE) \to N(0,\sigma )$, whereN(0,σ) denotes the normal distribution with standard deviationσ. As a corollary, we show that ifS1andS2are any two finite generating sets forG, there is an algebraic numberλ1,2depending onS1andS2such that almost every word of lengthnin theS1metric has word lengthn⋅λ1,2in theS2metric, with error of size$O(\sqrt {n})$.

On the Subject of Negative Auxiliary Inversion

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Blanchette ◽  
Chris Collins
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
West Texas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scope Freezing

AbstractThis article presents a novel analysis ofNegative Auxiliary Inversion(NAI) constructions such asdidn't many people eat, in which a negated auxiliary appears in pre-subject position. NAI, found in varieties including Appalachian, African American, and West Texas English, has a word order identical to a yes/no question, but is pronounced and interpreted as a declarative. We propose that NAI subjects are negative DPs, and that the negation raises from the subject DP to adjoin to Fin (a functional head in the left periphery). Three properties of NAI motivate this analysis: (i) scope freezing effects, (ii) the various possible and impossible NAI subject types, and (iii) the incompatibility of NAI constructions with true Double-Negation interpretations. Implications for theories of Negative Concord, Negative Polarity Items, and the representation of negation are discussed.

Objects in the German prefield

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-39
Author(s):  
Markus Bader
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Demonstrative Pronoun ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Speakers ◽  
Referential Form ◽  
Free Word

From the perspective of language production, this chapter discusses the question of whether to move the subject or the object to the clause-initial position in a German Verb Second clause. A review of experimental investigations of language production shows that speakers of German tend to order arguments in such a way that the most accessible argument comes first, with accessibility defined in terms like animacy (‘animate before inanimate’) and discourse status (e.g. ‘given before new’). Speakers of German thus obey the same ordering principles that have been found to be at work in English and other languages. Despite the relative free word order of German, speakers rarely produce sentences with object-before-subject word order in experimental investigations. Instead, they behave like speakers of English and mostly use passivization in order to bring the underlying object argument in front of the underlying subject argument when the object is more accessible than the subject. Corpus data, however, show that object-initial clauses are not so infrequent after all. The second part of the chapter, therefore, discusses new findings concerning the discourse conditions that favour the production of object-initial clauses. These findings indicate, among other things, that the clausal position of an object is affected not only by its referent’s discourse status but also by its referential form. Objects occur in clause-initial position most frequently when referring to a given referent in the form of a demonstrative pronoun or NP.

On the role of person in the mapping of syntactic features onto their interpretable counterparts

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-672
Author(s):  
Ivona Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Person Features ◽  
The Subject

AbstractPerson features play a role in narrow-syntax processes. However, a person feature is often characterized as [±participant], a characterization that suggests pragmatic or semantic features. Relatedly, person has been the subject of an ongoing debate in the literature: one family of approaches argues that 3rd person is an elsewhere case, while another argues that it is a valued interpretable feature. This article provides a programatic argument that this disagreement has a principled basis. I argue that the representation of the features we identify as person changes between narrow syntax and the syntax-semantics interface. The tests and empirical descriptions are incongruent because they target different modules of the grammar and in turn different grammatical objects. The article thus contributes to our understanding of the division of labour among the modules, with a special focus on the autonomous status of narrow syntax.

scholarly journals Model Checking Temporal Logic Formulas Using Sticker Automata

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Zhu ◽  
Changwei Feng ◽  
Huanmei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
Temporal Logic ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Finite State Automaton ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Input Strings ◽  
Logic Model Checking ◽  
The Given

As an important complex problem, the temporal logic model checking problem is still far from being fully resolved under the circumstance of DNA computing, especially Computation Tree Logic (CTL), Interval Temporal Logic (ITL), and Projection Temporal Logic (PTL), because there is still a lack of approaches for DNA model checking. To address this challenge, a model checking method is proposed for checking the basic formulas in the above three temporal logic types with DNA molecules. First, one-type single-stranded DNA molecules are employed to encode the Finite State Automaton (FSA) model of the given basic formula so that a sticker automaton is obtained. On the other hand, other single-stranded DNA molecules are employed to encode the given system model so that the input strings of the sticker automaton are obtained. Next, a series of biochemical reactions are conducted between the above two types of single-stranded DNA molecules. It can then be decided whether the system satisfies the formula or not. As a result, we have developed a DNA-based approach for checking all the basic formulas of CTL, ITL, and PTL. The simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method.

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