ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНІ ОДИНИЦІ ТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ГРУПИ “ПОГОДА” В СУЧАСНІЙ НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВІ: СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНИЙ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИЙ АСПЕКТИ

The article analyzes the structural and semantic features of German phraseological units of the thematic group “Weather”. This thematic group was chosen for the study given the great importance of weather conditions for various spheres of human life, especially for agriculture, which is undoubtedly refl ected in the language by the presence of a large number of features, descriptions and phraseological units. The study is based on the electronic resource “Oldphras”. Three hundred and four phraseological units, which are the subject of this study, were identifi ed by using the resource search system. The main thematic subgroups are Wetter “weather”, Regen “rain”, Hagel “hail”, Blitz “lightning”, Donner “thunder”, Nebel “fog”, Wind “wind”, Sturm “storm”, Gewitter “bad weather”, Schnee “Snow”, Wolke “cloud”, Frost “frost”, Hitze “heat”, Sonne “sun”, Himmel “sky”, Jahreszeit “season”, Winter “winter”, Frühling “spring”, Sommer “summer”. The electronic resource allows us to accurately understand the meaning of the selected units, as the page has an explanation of each of them, as well as to see whether this phraseology is relevant in modern German and whether it has undergone some changes. The next step was to classify phraseological units according to their structure and semantics. According to the criterion of structure, phraseological units constitute the “phrasicon” of a language – that is, the whole inventory of idioms and phrases, both word-like and sentencelike set expressions. Using these criteria, the fi rst type includes the following compounds: in den Wind reden – “waste (one’s) breath”; Wind haben – “as hungry as a hunter”; in allen Himmeln schweben – “head in the clouds”; Sturm läuten – “to ring the alarm bell”. As for the second type, here are the following examples: Sie hat wohl der Blitz beim letzten Schiß erwischt? – “Are you insane?”; Аhа, daher weht der Wind! – “That’s what the smell is!”; jetzt pfeift der Wind aus einem anderen Loch (jetzt pfeift ein anderer Wind) – “change one`s tune”. The results indicate that sentence-like expressions account for 31.6 % of the entire sample, while word-like ones comprise 68.4 %. Also, we have made use of V. V. Vinogradov’s classifi cation system which is based on the degree of semantic cohesion between the components of a phraseological unit. As a result, the selected phraseological units were classifi ed by translation methods, and it was determined that the most commonly used methods are analogues (41.5 %) and descriptive (36.6 %) ones, while equivalent, combined, antonymous, loan translation, and translation in one word are much less fr).equent (21.9 % altogether). Key words: phraseological unit, translation, semantics, translation equivalence, translation transformations.

RESULTS OF PILOT TESTS OF THE VSEP TECHNOLOGY ON THE EXAMPLE OF PURIFICATION OF CONTAMINATED ACID WASHING WATERS BY NANOFILTRATION

Shown are the results of a series of pilot tests for the purifi cation of waste (contaminated) acidic wash water formed during the production of graphite by the leaching method. The tests were carried out in laboratory and pilot modes (on-site) on the “LP” series machine. Purifi cation was simulated using nanofi ltration membranes using VSEP technology. This technology of vibro- membrane fi ltration makes it possible to purify such waters without preliminary purifi cation and the use of reagents (antiscalant) with a %Recovery more than 90 %. The mechanism for choosing the optimal sheet polymer membrane and the mechanism for determining the best working pressure are shown. Concentration series were carried out to determine the stability of the process and the duration of the fl ushing interval. The test results allow the design of an industrial water purifi cation system.

UTILITY OF MILAN SYSTEM FOR SALIVARY GLAND CYTOPATHOLOGY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN INDIA: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be challenging to provide a precise diagnosis in salivary gland cytopathology due to diversity of lesions and cytomorphological convergence between the tumors and within the same tumor of salivary gland. The recently proposed Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) provides a risk stratication-based classication system with an intrinsic risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category, which aims to furnish useful information to the clinicians. This study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic utility and validity of MSRSGC. A 4-year retrospective Materials and Methods: study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Central Gujarat in Western India. A total of 90 cases of FNAC of salivary gland lesions for the period of January 2018 to March 2021 were reviewed. Patient clinical details, FNAC smears and histological slides where available were retrieved from the departmental records. Results: The cases belong to following categories: non-diagnostic (4.4%), non-neoplastic (10%), atypia of undetermined signicance (1.1%), benign neoplasm (68.9%), salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (8.9%), suspicious for malignancy (2.2%), and malignant (4.4%). Out of 90 cases, 62 cases (68.8%) had follow-up. The ROM were 7.6% for category IV—A and 50% for category IV-B. The sensitivity, specicity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions were recorded as 98.1%, 42.9%, 92.8%, 75.0%, and 1.750, respectively. Conclusion: Application of MSRSGC has immense value for standardization of reporting of salivary gland FNAC. The Milan system of reporting is a risk stratication system which can improve the overall effectiveness of reporting and care of patients.

“CARBON FIBER REINFORCED TOOTH SUPPORTED OVERDENTURE WITH UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM: A CLINICAL REPORT”

Overdentures retained by 2 teeth signicantly improve the stability and retention of prosthesis This clinical report presents a new approach of denture fabrication for dementia patient with increased strength and unique identication system. A tooth supported over denture was fabricated with carbon bers as structural component and labeled by quick response (QR) code. Carbon bers exhibit increased resistance to applied stress, increased exural fatigue resistance, improved impact strength and elastic modulus. The QR code, helps in denture identication process. These include prevention of losing or misplacing dentures, medico-legal purposes, accidents or natural disaster.

INFORMATION CONFLICT BETWEEN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND A SYSTEM OF DESTABILIZING INFLUENCES Part III CONTROLLING OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN CONFLICT SITUATION

In the paper is presented formalization of the controlling and connecting processes for in the conflict condition with the system of destabilizing influences. The quality of control in the organizational and technical system is matched to the stability of its communication system. It is showed match to reduce of the relevance and com-pleteness of the transmitted information in the control system with decrease of the reliability, timeliness and volume of information transmitted through the communi-cation system in condition a information conflict. A new indicator "information damage" is proposed in paper and it is shown that this indicator can estimate of the reduction of the quality of information support for controlling processes. Brief analysis of other studies that are aimed at developing generalized models of infor-mation conflict is carried out. Directions for further research are outlined.

COMPARISON OF ENDOMETRIAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA & WHO CLASSIFIED ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA IN PREDICTING THE RISK OF PROGRESSION TO ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia is the precursor lesion of most endometrial cancers of endometrioid type. The most commonly used classication system for endometrial hyperplasia is WHO 1994 classication system in which architecture disruption and cytological atypia are used to identify four types of endometrial hyperplasia including simple or complex hyperplasia with or without atypia. Newer EIN diagnosis by cytological atypia is of great consideration for the progression to endometrial cancer. Material And Methods: The study consists of 100 cases of WHO classied endometrial hyperplasia for period of 4 yrs from 2015 to 2019. Type of sampling procedures- dilation & curettage, endometrial biopsy and fractional curettage. Objective: 1. To discuss revised criteria for recognition of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN). 2. To nd out the sensitivity of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) classication in predicting the risk of malignancy. Results: This study consists of 100 cases of endometrial hyperplasia. Patients were mostly postmenopausal & presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. From WHO classied endometrial lesions, 2 out of 35 cases of simple typical hyperplasia, 10 out of 14 cases of complex typical hyperplasia,12 out of 20 cases of simple atypical hyperplasia and 20 out of 21 cases of complex atypical hyperplasia were reclassied as EI N. Conclusion: To estimate the risk of progression to carcinoma and guide clinical management, the histo-pathologic diagnosis of endometrial hyperplastic lesion is very important, specially the diagnosis of EIN lesions. EIN carries a much greater risk of progression to endometrial cancer than other WHO classied endometrial hyperplasia.

PALM PRINTS 'LINES DO TELL'- AN INNOVATING PARAPHERNALIA AS BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION

Authentication in personal identication using palm print method provides valuable evidence in one's identication. It has been investigated over years by different methods employed by both high resolution images which are further processed by different computerized techniques and software systems and low resolution images which have attracted many researchers attention. This paper proposes a brief introduction about palm prints its different methods employed and the current classication system which is less time consuming followed for research to be carried out for biometric authentication and scientic evidences which is useful for civil and commercial applications.

A CASE SERIES OF NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: A REAPPRAISAL OF NEWER CONCEPT OF THE UPDATED WHO CLASSIFICATION OF NEUROENDOCRINE LESIONS CITING A RARE & FASCINATING CASE OF COEXISTING INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are an important subcategory of tumours encountered in gastrointestinal tract and lung. Previously known as 'Carcinoid tumours', Considerable confusions prevailed regarding the nomenclature, diagnostic categories as well as prognostic classication of this group of tumours; until recently, in 2018, a uniform framework of classication was attempted by WHO. Here, we discuss nine cases of neuroendocrine neoplasms of GI tract diagnosed in our Institution over past two years, focussing on the application of this classication system, the key concepts behind it and also the points to be addressed in critical scenarios while making a diagnosis. A fascinating case of coexistent neuroendocrine carcinoma and intestinal tuberculosis is specially highlighted in this article, as probably, it is the rst case reported of its genre till now, as far our knowledge goes.

Mathematical Model As-Sessment of Knowledge Level Users Information and Telecommuni-Cation System

На основі нормативно-правових документів, які регламентують захист інформації в ін­формаційно-телекомунікаційних системах, розроблено математичну модель оцінювання рівня знань користувачів інформаційно-телекомунікаційної системи за результатами виконання ними тестових завдань. Застосовано методи сучасної теорії тестів та визначено вихідні дані. Для оцінювання рівня знань користувачів інформаційно-телекому­ніка­цій­ної системи запропоновано використання шкали результатів виконання тесту та визначено її межі, які залежать від кількості якісних показників рівня знань. Показано математичну залежність складності тесту від кількості завдань різного рівня складності. Про­ведено перевірку адекватності моделі для трьох користувачів, за результатами якої вста­нов­лено, що якісна відповідь на завдання вищого рівня складності забезпечує більшу кіль­кісну оцінку рівня знань. Наведено приклад визначення меж шкали результатів виконання тесту для трьох якісних показників рівня знань користувачів інформаційно-телекомунікаційної системи.

Radio Pathological Correlation of Thyroid Nodules Using Tirads Based Ultrasound Classification and Bethesda Classification for FNAC: a Prospective Study

Background: Thyroid gland is afflicted by various pathologies amongst which nodules are the cause of maximum concern because of their malignant potential. With the introduction of high resolution ultrasound and use of Thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) classifi cation as a widely used universal grading system, there has been reduced inter-observer variability and increased inter-departmental communication. In this study, we studied the TIRADS ultrasound grading as a screening tool and compared it with the BETHESDA grading on FNAC. Material and methods: 200 patients with thyroid nodules were subjected to ultrasound and USG guided FNAC. Each was assigned a TIRADS and Bethesda grade. Findings were compared to assess the sensitivity, specifi city, PPV (positive predictive value) and NPV (negative predictive value) of ultrasound in differentiating benign from malignant nodules. RESULT: Out of 200 nodules examined, 116 nodules belonged to TIRADS 2 while 44, 13 and 27 belonged to TIRADS 3, 4 and 5 respectively. On FNAC, 162 patients belonged Bethesda 2 & 12, 7, 15 and 4 to Bethesda 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. The sensitivity, specifi city, PPV and NPV of ultrasound were found to be 92.3, 90.8, 60 and 98.75 % respectively. Conclusion: TIRADS is an effective risk stratifi cation system which should be routinely used in our clinical practice as it can predict the possibility of a particular nodule for being malignant to a great extent. Especially keeping in mind its high negative predictive value, FNAC can be deferred in TIRADS 2 patients which form a majority of cases reporting to pathology department for thyroid FNAC.