scholarly journals Wireless Interference Analysis for Home IoT Security Vulnerability Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-77
Author(s):  
Alexander McDaid ◽  
Eoghan Furey ◽  
Kevin Curran
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Interference Analysis ◽  
Wireless Interference ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Device Discovery ◽  
Network Scanning ◽  
Frequency Monitoring ◽  
Passive Network ◽  
Security Compliance

The integrity of wireless networks that make up the clear majority of IoT networks lack the inherent security of their wired counterparts. With the growth of the internet of things (IoT) and its pervasive nature in the modern home environment, it has caused a spike in security concerns over how the network infrastructure handles, transmits, and stores data. New wireless attacks such as KeySniffer and other attacks of this type cannot be tracked by traditional solutions. Therefore, this study investigates if wireless spectrum frequency monitoring using interference analysis tools can aid in the monitoring of device signals within a home IoT network. This could be used enhance the security compliance guidelines set forth by OWASP and NIST for these network types and the devices associated. Active and passive network scanning tools are used to provide analysis of device vulnerability and as comparison for device discovery purposes. The work shows the advantages and disadvantages of this signal pattern testing technique compared to traditional network scanning methods. The authors demonstrate how RF spectrum analysis is an effective way of monitoring network traffic over the air waves but also possesses limitations in that knowledge is needed to decipher these patterns. This article demonstrates alternative methods of interference analysis detection.

Approaches to motion control intellectualization of a mobile robot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan A. Lapshinov ◽  
Vadim A. Shakhnov ◽  
Anton V. Yudin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Drive Control ◽  
Omni Wheel

The paper considers the principles of intelligent motion control of mobile robots using the example of omni-wheel modules. The proposed design solution uses components of movement intelligence in any direction, receiving commands from a human operator or above a standing automatic control device, consisting of an angle of movement direction and the required distance of movement. This paper presents an embodiment of using omni-wheels to move a mobile robot over a flat surface. Features of device and application of drive with three omni-wheels in comparison with differential drive are considered. Kinematics, basic principles of motion control formation, hardware and software complex for its implementation are described. There were revealed two alternative methods of organization of drive control in conditions of shortage of low-level hardware resources on the basis of 8-bit microcontroller, their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. Process support and materials have been presented that allows realizing the competitive advantages of development while minimizing the cost of components. Features of mobile robot travel route development have been mentioned on the example of competitive practice.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Questions: A Short Report on Rubric Assessments in Asia and the Middle East

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnie Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

This qualitative short report considers the viability of the use of rubrics or alternative methods to assess writing in Asia and the Middle East. The background of learning theories, assessment types, and self-assessment literature provides a foundation for further discussion of the appropriate use of rubrics, including the prioritization of criterion, the quality of scoring, the impact of organizational features on scoring, the influence of bias, and the best application of rubric assessment. Relevant points for further study are identified, such as differentiation in research between generalized analytical rating systems and rubric assessment with specific, empirical criterion. The contradictory research regarding the advantages and disadvantages of rubric assessment in comparison with holistic assessment are of particular and crucial interest for global pedagogy. Many of the reviewed Western articles excluded Asian perspectives- except for China- and thus present a limited understanding of social and educational compatibility with new assessments and rubric assessments in particular. The discussion identifies patterns and points of contention and seeks to explore viewpoints rather than limit the scope of inquiry and consideration thus noting that relevant literature suggests that with appropriate teacher training, teachers may appropriately use rubrics as a formative assessment tool for writing in Asia and the Middle East.

Estimation of the proportion of C3 and C4 plant species in the diet of animals from the ratio of natural 12C and 13C isotopes in the faeces

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Jones ◽  
M. M. Ludlow ◽  
J. H. Troughton ◽  
C. G. Blunt
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
C Isotopes ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
C Value ◽  
13C Isotopes ◽  
Definition Of

SummaryThe relation between the ratio of the natural 12C and 13C isotopes of carbon in the feed and resultant faeces of animals was studied to develop a technique for estimating the proportion of C3 species (tropical legumes) and C4 species (tropical grasses) selected by grazing animals.In general, theδ13C values (see text for definition) of faeces from rabbits, sheep, goats and cattle were lower (more negative) than those of the corresponding feeds by from 0·4 to 2·0. This was possibly due to contamination in the gut by tissues or fluids with lower δ13C values. When C4 and C3 feeds were alternated, cattle took about a week to fully achieve the new level (δ13C of – 28·7 on the C3 feed and – 13·1 on the C4 feed) in the faeces. This time lag is associated with the time taken for the feed to move through the digestive tract.When mixed C3 and C4 feeds were fed to rabbits, sheep, goats and cattle there was a negative linear relation between percentage legume (C3) in the feed and the δ13C of the faeces (P < 0·01). A decrease in one unit in the δ13C value was associated with an increase of 7·0–8·5% legume in the diet.Estimation of the percentage legume in the feed from the δ13C value of the faeces and of the C3 and C4 components of the diet, resulted in a consistent over estimation of the legume component because the faeces had lower values than the corresponding feeds. This bias was removed if the prediction was based on the δ13C of the feeds minus 1 unit; the legume percentage in the diets of the sheep, goats and cattle could then be estimated with a precision of about ± 5%.Differences in digestibility between the C3 and C4 components greatly bias the estimations. This bias in the diets fed to rabbits was effectively removed by using in vitro organic matter digestibility values of the two components to correct for the differences. Legume percentage in the diet could then be estimated with a RSD of ± 3%.Advantages and disadvantages compared with alternative methods of estimating the diet of grazing animals are discussed.

Wide-Area Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) Architecture and Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchen Zhang ◽  
Penn Markham ◽  
Tao Xia ◽  
Lang Chen ◽  
Yanzhu Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Frequency Monitoring

Recent advances in measurement of amylase activity--a comparative study.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Kaufman ◽  
N W Tietz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Analytical Range

Abstract We evaluated four kinetic amylase procedures with respect to kinetics, analytical range, blank rates, reagent stability, reagent impurities, interfering substances, and intrinsic sensitivities. Each of the methods is shown to have its own unique advantages and disadvantages. A preliminary discussion of some alternative methods, in which glycosidic p-nitrophenyl alpha-oligosaccharides are substrates, is included.

scholarly journals Estimation of ethylene production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in plants by means of gas chromatography

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fišerová ◽  
Z. Mikušová ◽  
M. Klemš
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Endogenous Level ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
And Storage

The paper deals with problems associated with preparation and collection of samples when estimating the production of ethylene and content of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) in plants by means of gas chromatography. A proper method of sampling can significantly influence not only the reliability of obtained data but also their interpretation. Attention was paid to cultivation of plant material, sampling vessels, conditions of ethylene production, sampling procedure, and storage of gaseous samples. The estimation of ACC as a precursor of ethylene is more laborious but it supplements the information about the endogenous level of ethylene in a given part of the plant organism. The authors describe the sampling procedure, methods of sample preservation, extraction and purification, and also the method of oxidation of ACC to ethylene. In the final part of this study the authors evaluate the time consumption and difficulty of individual methods and describe their advantages and disadvantages as compared with other, alternative methods.

Evaluating the Cost and Effectiveness of Customer Training Methods

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-331
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Training Effectiveness ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Instruction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Customer Training

The talk will deal with alternative methods of training customers to use new telephone services. Various measures of training effectiveness will be discussed with regard to their advantages and limitations. It will be argued that several measures—including cost—must be taken into account when evaluating training approaches. Two field studies will be described that examine several different types of training: (1) “Hands On” (demonstration) vs. “No Hands On” training; (2) Media-based vs. Lecture-based training; (3) “Live” training vs. Self-Instruction. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be described in terms of several measures of training effectiveness.

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