X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Nonuniform Residual Stress Fields σii(τ) under Difficult Conditions

A unique X-ray diffraction instrument for residual stress measurement has been developed that provides for speed, ease of measurement, accuracy, and economy of surface stress measurement. Application of this instrument with a material removal technique, e.g., electropolishing, has facilitated detailed, high resolution studies of three-dimensional stress fields. This paper describes the instrumentation and techniques applied to conduct the residual stress measurement and presents maps of the residual stress data obtained for the surfaces of a heavy 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo steel plate weldment.

Download Full-text

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Steel with Oxidised Surface Layer

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.368.99 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 368 ◽

pp. 99-102

Author(s):

Lukáš Zuzánek ◽

Ondřej Řidký ◽

Nikolaj Ganev ◽

Kamil Kolařík

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Oxide Surface ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Electrolytic Polishing ◽

Small Depth

The basic principle of the X-ray diffraction analysis is based on the determination of components of residual stresses. They are determined on the basis of the change in the distance between atomic planes. The method is limited by a relatively small depth in which the X-ray beam penetrates into the analysed materials. For determination of residual stresses in the surface layer the X-ray diffraction and electrolytic polishing has to be combined. The article is deals with the determination of residual stress and real material structure of a laser-welded steel sample with an oxide surface layer. This surface layer is created during the rolling and it prevents the material from its corrosion. Before the X-ray diffraction analysis can be performed, this surface layer has to be removed. This surface layer cannot be removed with the help of electrolytic polishing and, therefore, it has to be removed mechanically. This mechanical procedure creates “technological” residual stress in the surface layer. This additional residual stress is removed by the electrolytic polishing in the depth between 20 and 80 μm. Finally, the real structure and residual stresses can be determined by using the X-ray diffraction techniques.

Download Full-text

Combined Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for the Characterization of a Case Hardened Disc

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.652.37 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 652 ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jeremy Epp ◽

Thomas Hirsch ◽

Martin Hunkel ◽

Robert C. Wimpory

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Neutron Diffraction ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Force Balance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Residual Stress State ◽

Systematic Uncertainties ◽

Combined Use ◽

Stress States

The present work has been executed within the framework of the collaborative research center on Distortion Engineering (SFB 570) in order to evaluate the residual stress state of a disc after carburizing and quenching as well as to validate a simulation procedure. The combined use of X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis provided information about the residual stress states in the whole cross section. However, the stress free lattice spacing d0 for the neutron diffraction experiments is problematic and induces systematic uncertainties in the results and the application of a force balance condition to recalculate d0 might be a solution for improving the reliability of the results. Comparison of experimental results with simulation showed that an overall satisfying agreement is reached but discrepancies are still present.

Download Full-text

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Analyze the Error of Residual Stress by Using Mathematical Statistics

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.687 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 687-690

Author(s):

Ai Xin Feng ◽

Chuan Chao Xu ◽

Yu Peng Cao ◽

Huai Yang Sun ◽

Gui Fen Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Normal Distribution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

7050 Aluminum Alloy ◽

Stress Error

X-ray diffraction analysis methods analyze the residual stress the same location for 50 times of 7050 aluminum alloy. And taking residual stress error for statistical analysis, through hypothesis testing and analysis of the residual stress error Square diagram, obtain X-ray diffraction the residual stress error of the 7050 aluminum alloy approximately obey normal distribution.

Download Full-text

X-ray diffraction analysis of the residual stress state in PVD TiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited on tool steel

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.081 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 200 (1-4) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

C. Mendibide ◽

P. Steyer ◽

C. Esnouf ◽

P. Goudeau ◽

D. Thiaudière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Stress State ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Multilayer Coatings ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Residual Stress State

Download Full-text

Waterjet Machining and Peening of Metals

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology ◽

10.1115/1.556155 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 90-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. Ramulu ◽

S. Kunaporn ◽

D. Arola ◽

M. Hashish ◽

J. Hopkins

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Plastic Deformation ◽

Surface Integrity ◽

Stress Fields ◽

Abrasive Waterjet ◽

Material Surface ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Waterjet Machining ◽

Measurement And Evaluation

An experimental study was conducted to determine the influence of high-pressure waterjet (WJ) peening and abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining on the surface integrity and texture of metals. A combination of microstructure analysis, microhardness measurements, and profilometry were used in determining the depth of plastic deformation and surface texture that result from the material removal process. The measurement and evaluation of residual stress was conducted with X-ray diffraction. The residual stress fields resulting from treatment were analyzed to further distinguish the influence of material properties on the surface integrity. It was found that waterjet peening induces plastic deformation at the surface layer of metals as good as shot peening. The degree of plastic deformation and the state of material surface were found to be strongly dependent on the peening conditions applied. [S0094-9930(00)00801-5]

Download Full-text

Laser Cutting of Small Diameter Holes Into Alumina Tiles: Thermal Stress Analysis

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4003737 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. S. Yilbas ◽

S. S. Akhtar ◽

C. Karatas

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Laser Cutting ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Stress Fields ◽

Finite Element Code ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Cut Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

Laser cutting of small diameter holes in alumina tiles is carried out. Temperature and stress fields are predicted numerically using the ABAQUS finite element code. The cut sections are examined by incorporating scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. The residual stress developed in the cutting section is determined using the X-ray diffraction technique. It is found that high residual stresses are formed in the cutting section, and predictions agree well with the experimental results. The laser cut edges are found to be free from the large cracks. However, interconnected shallow cracks are observed at the hole cut surface.

Download Full-text