Combined Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for the Characterization of a Case Hardened Disc

The present work has been executed within the framework of the collaborative research center on Distortion Engineering (SFB 570) in order to evaluate the residual stress state of a disc after carburizing and quenching as well as to validate a simulation procedure. The combined use of X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis provided information about the residual stress states in the whole cross section. However, the stress free lattice spacing d0 for the neutron diffraction experiments is problematic and induces systematic uncertainties in the results and the application of a force balance condition to recalculate d0 might be a solution for improving the reliability of the results. Comparison of experimental results with simulation showed that an overall satisfying agreement is reached but discrepancies are still present.

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X-ray diffraction analysis of the residual stress state in PVD TiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited on tool steel

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.081 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 200 (1-4) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

C. Mendibide ◽

P. Steyer ◽

C. Esnouf ◽

P. Goudeau ◽

D. Thiaudière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Stress State ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Multilayer Coatings ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Residual Stress State

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Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

Archive of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1007/s00419-021-01953-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fabian Jaeger ◽

Alessandro Franceschi ◽

Holger Hoche ◽

Peter Groche ◽

Matthias Oechsner

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Stress Measurement ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Cold Extrusion ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Forming Process ◽

X Ray ◽

Stress States ◽

Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

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Residual Stress Measurements in Continuous Fiber Titanium Matrix Composites

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800019108 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 481-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. R. James ◽

M. A. Bourke ◽

J. A. Goldstone ◽

A. C. Lawson

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Neutron Diffraction ◽

Thin Sheet ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

X Ray ◽

Residual Stress State ◽

Longitudinal Residual Stress ◽

The Matrix ◽

Reinforcement Fiber ◽

Residual Strains

AbstractMetal matrix composites develop residual strains after consolidation due to the thermal expansion mismatch between the reinforcement fiber and the matrix. X-ray and neutron diffraction measured values for the longitudinal residual stress in the matrix of three titanium MMCs are reported. For thick composites (> 6 plies) the surface stress measured by x-ray diffraction matches that determined by neutron diffraction and therefore represents the stress in the bulk region consisting of the fibers and matrix. For thin sheet composites, the surface values are lower than in the interior and increase as the outer rows of fibers are approached. While a rationale for this behavior has yet to be developed, accounting for composite thickness is important when using x-ray measured values to validate analytic and finite element calculations of the residual stress state.

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X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Steel with Oxidised Surface Layer

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.368.99 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 368 ◽

pp. 99-102

Author(s):

Lukáš Zuzánek ◽

Ondřej Řidký ◽

Nikolaj Ganev ◽

Kamil Kolařík

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Oxide Surface ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Electrolytic Polishing ◽

Small Depth

The basic principle of the X-ray diffraction analysis is based on the determination of components of residual stresses. They are determined on the basis of the change in the distance between atomic planes. The method is limited by a relatively small depth in which the X-ray beam penetrates into the analysed materials. For determination of residual stresses in the surface layer the X-ray diffraction and electrolytic polishing has to be combined. The article is deals with the determination of residual stress and real material structure of a laser-welded steel sample with an oxide surface layer. This surface layer is created during the rolling and it prevents the material from its corrosion. Before the X-ray diffraction analysis can be performed, this surface layer has to be removed. This surface layer cannot be removed with the help of electrolytic polishing and, therefore, it has to be removed mechanically. This mechanical procedure creates “technological” residual stress in the surface layer. This additional residual stress is removed by the electrolytic polishing in the depth between 20 and 80 μm. Finally, the real structure and residual stresses can be determined by using the X-ray diffraction techniques.

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X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Analyze the Error of Residual Stress by Using Mathematical Statistics

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.687 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 687-690

Author(s):

Ai Xin Feng ◽

Chuan Chao Xu ◽

Yu Peng Cao ◽

Huai Yang Sun ◽

Gui Fen Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Normal Distribution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

7050 Aluminum Alloy ◽

Stress Error

X-ray diffraction analysis methods analyze the residual stress the same location for 50 times of 7050 aluminum alloy. And taking residual stress error for statistical analysis, through hypothesis testing and analysis of the residual stress error Square diagram, obtain X-ray diffraction the residual stress error of the 7050 aluminum alloy approximately obey normal distribution.

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Position Resolved Residual Stress Determination in Alumina-Zirconia Multilayered Ceramics

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.571-572.421 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 571-572 ◽

pp. 421-425

Author(s):

Guenther A. Maier ◽

Jozef Keckes ◽

Jens Brechbuehl ◽

Hugues Guerault ◽

Raúl Bermejo

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Correct Evaluation ◽

Indentation Method ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Stress Evaluation ◽

X Ray ◽

Residual Stress State ◽

Experimental Findings

Alumina-zirconia multilayered ceramics have been proposed as an alternative for the design of structural ceramics with improved fracture toughness and strength reliability. During the processing of these laminates, significant residual stresses may arise due to the thermal expansion mismatch between adjacent layers. The correct evaluation of such stress distribution in the laminate may determine its range of application. In this work, the residual stress state in a layered material designed with five thick alumina layers of approximately 650 microns alternated with four thin alumina-zirconia layers of approximately 140 microns was estimated using different methods. A finite element analysis (FEM) was performed for stress evaluation in the bulk and an indentation method and X-Ray diffraction to account for stresses at the surface. Experimental findings show a constant stress distribution within the bulk for each layer, while at the surface stress position dependence is observed in the alumina layers, being the maximum tensile stresses near the layer interface. The accuracy of the results provided by each technique is discussed.

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X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress Induced by Surface Compressing Methods

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.729.199 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 729 ◽

pp. 199-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dávid Cseh ◽

Valéria Mertinger

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Surface Region ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Hardened Alloy ◽

Compressive Stresses ◽

Machine Parts ◽

Stress States ◽

Operational Behaviour

Residual stresses have a fundamental effect on the operational behaviour and lifetime of industrial products. The fatigue resistance of machine parts can be increased by introducing residual compressive stresses into the surface region. For certain machine parts especially in the vehicle industry the residual stress is strongly demanded by the quality control. For this reason, measuring the stress accurately is becoming increasingly important. The Almen test, which only gives a qualitative result, is widely used in the industry. Shot peening and rolling are methods which are suitable for creating elastic residual stresses. This paper examines the technologies used by Rába Futómű Nyrt. to increase the lifetime by means of residual stress. We performed analysis of the residual stress of samples shot peened the same way but under different heat treatment states. We compared the residual stress values of burnished and hardened shaft joints, and the residual stress states of gear made of hardened alloy, comparing the carbonized ones to ones which were shot peened under small intensity.

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Experimental Comparison of In-Depth Residual Stresses Measured with Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction with a Numerical Stress Relaxation Correction Method

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.905.131 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 905 ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

Bruno Levieil ◽

Florent Bridier ◽

Cédric Doudard ◽

Vincent Klosek ◽

David Thévenet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Stress Relaxation ◽

Neutron Diffraction ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Correction Method ◽

Experimental Comparison ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Notched Specimen ◽

X Ray

This study is an experimental comparison of in-depth X-ray diffraction residual stress measurements with neutron diffraction measurements. The goal is to evaluate the relevance of the Savaria-Bridier-Bocher [1] stress relaxation correction method. Neutron diffraction are performed on a bent notched specimen. Destructive X-ray diffraction is performed until 5.25mm below the surface by polishing the material. This polishing induces stress relaxation and X-ray diffraction results have to be corrected. For that purpose, a finite element analysis is realised and show good correlation with neutron measurements results. The application of the stress correction method improves the X-ray measurements especially after 2 mm below the surface. The differences between measured and corrected residual stresses from both diffraction techniques are analyzed and discussed.

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