scholarly journals Acoustic Beam Forming Using Ultrasonic Transducers

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Wen Kung Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Main Lobe ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Acoustic Beam ◽  
Sound Beam ◽  
Audible Sound

This paper evaluates the performance of acoustic beam forming using ultrasonic transducers. A directional audible sound can be generated by amplitude-modulating the ultrasound carrier with an audio signal, then transmitting it from an array of ultrasonic transducers. A novel method has been proposed in this paper to control the beam width of the main lobe and the level of the side lobe for the beam pattern by using an optimization technique. Furthermore, the weighting distribution of uniform linear array composed of eight transducers and the effect of different weightings on the spreading angle of the sound beam have been investigated through simulations in this study. The results show that the optimization method proposed in the paper can effectively control the beam width of the main lobe and the level of the side lobe for the audible sound.

A Crossover Improved Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in Non-Uniform Linear Antenna Arrays

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhargav Appasani ◽  
Rahul Pelluri ◽  
Vijay Kumar Verma ◽  
Nisha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Linear Antenna ◽  
Improved Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Element Array ◽  
Linear Antenna Arrays

Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a widely used optimization technique with multitudinous applications. Improving the performance of the GA would further augment its functionality. This paper presents a Crossover Improved GA (CIGA) that emulates the motion of fireflies employed in the Firefly Algorithm (FA). By employing this mimicked crossover operation, the overall performance of the GA is greatly enhanced. The CIGA is tested on 14 benchmark functions conjointly with the other existing optimization techniques to establish its superiority. Finally, the CIGA is applied to the practical optimization problem of synthesizing non-uniform linear antenna arrays with low side lobe levels (SLL) and low beam width, both requirements being incompatible. However, the proposed CIGA applied for the synthesis of a 12 element array yields an SLL of [Formula: see text]29.2[Formula: see text]dB and a reduced beam width of 19.1[Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Analysis of Beam Forming Antenna using Soft-Computing Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 661-665
Author(s):  
Bhavyasri Maddineni
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques ◽  
Wireless Signal ◽  
Half Power

Antenna Beam forming is a technology or a technique that is finding increasing use in systems of cellular telecommunication, especially 5G, as well as many other wireless systems. Beam forming refers to the formation of a beam of energy from a set of phased arrays. With the use of phased arrays, it is possible to control the direction and shape of the beam from multiple antennas, based on the spacing between antennas and the phase of signal from each antenna element in the array. Beam forming focuses a wireless signal towards a specific receiving device, rather than having the signal spread in all directions from the broadcast antenna. By focusing signal in specific direction, the beam forming technique allows delivery of higher signal quality to the receiver, which would result in faster information transfer with fewer errors and without the need to boost the broadcast power. Beam forming technique is also used to reduce the interference of signals. Beam forming is majorly involved with computing resources which requires high time and power resources. Parameters that would be analyzed during this project are Half Power Beam width (HPBW), First Null Beam width (FNBW), Gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, Front to Back Power Ratio, Side Lobe Levels.

Optimum design of linear and circular antenna arrays using equilibrium optimization algorithm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ali Durmus ◽  
Rifat Kurban
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Side Lobe Level

Abstract In this paper, equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA), which is a novel optimization algorithm, is applied to synthesize symmetrical linear antenna array and non-uniform circular antenna array (CAA). The main purpose of antenna array synthesis is to achieve a radiation pattern with low maximum side lobe level (MSL) and narrow half-power beam width (HPBW) in far-field. The low MSL here is an important parameter to reduce interference from other communication systems operating in the same frequency band. A narrow HPBW is needed to achieve high directionality in antenna radiation patterns. Entering the literature as a novel optimization technique, EOA optimally determined the amplitude and position values of the array elements to obtain a radiation pattern with a low MSL and narrow HPBW. The EOA is inspired by models of the control volume mass balance used to predict equilibrium as well as dynamic states. To demonstrate the flexibility and performance of the proposed algorithm, 10-element, 16-element and 24-element linear arrays and eight-element, 10-element and 12-element CAAs are synthesized. The MSL and HPBW values of radiation pattern obtained with the EOA are very successful compared to the results of other optimization methods in the literature.

Beam Forming of Lamb Waves for Nondestructive Testing of Plates

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 1512-1516
Author(s):  
Qing Zeng Ma ◽  
Jing Pin Jiao ◽  
Ping Hu ◽  
Jing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Defect Detection ◽  
Lamb Waves ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Acoustic Beam ◽  
Transducer Array ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weighted Optimization

For wide range defect detection in plate, acoustic beam optimization technique was investigated. The synthesis wave field obtained from the basic phased-addition is prone to be influenced by the noise and the resolution is low. To improve the performance of beam forming of array, the synthesis acoustic field is processed with amplitude weighting. The experimental data have been processed with phase shift and amplitude weighted optimization. It is shown that the proposed beam forming technique with transducer array can recognize the features in plate.

scholarly journals Antenna array synthesis using a newly evolved optimization approach: Strawberry algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konidala R. Subhashini
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Circular Array ◽  
First Time ◽  
Antenna Array Synthesis

Abstract An attempt has been made for the first time to apply this proposed Strawberry optimization technique to antenna array synthesis problem. The case study cited here refer to linear and circular array configurations. The design constraints are limited to minimizing the side lobe level and restricting the first null beam width, which play significant roles in antenna array performances. The key parameters which greatly influence in achieving the said objectives are either placement of antenna elements or amplitudes of excitations of these elements or both. And the recently reported meta heuristic nature inspired optimization algorithms have addressed to these problems quite effectively and the exciting result obtained using the said approach has undoubtedly proved the strawberry algorithm as a potential contender in the optimization domain.

Effects of Spacing and Number of Elements on the Fields Radiated by Linear Arrays of Equally Spaced Elements

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raji A. Abimbola
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Main Lobe ◽  
Linear Antenna ◽  
Linear Arrays ◽  
Field Patterns ◽  
Sinusoidal Current

This paper examines the effects of spacings and number of elements on the radiation features of linear antenna of uniformly spaced elements, oriented in end fire directions. Use is made of pattern multiplication concept to evaluate the electric field radiated by the antenna when excited with sinusoidal current distribution. It is found that, when the spacings between the elements of the array are , and , respectively, the radiated field patterns of models of the array depict radiations in broadside and end fire directions while at lower spacings of and , radiations exist only along the end fire directions. In addition, it is also observed that, the beam-width of the main lobe of the field patterns reduces as the spacing and number of element increase which suggests better directivity. However, the improvement in the directivity is followed with side lobe levels which seem to be the disadvantage of that benefit. Furthermore, it is discovered that the array factor patterns and radiated electric field patterns of the antenna display characteristics that are largely similar.

Observation of optical activity in Brillouin scattering experiments

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (23) ◽  
pp. 2719-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Kharusi ◽  
G. W. Farnell
Keyword(s):  
Optical Activity ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Acoustic Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Beam ◽  
Optical Wave ◽  
Acoustic Frequency ◽  
Diffraction Geometry ◽  
Light Beams ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Analytical expressions have been developed for calculating the diffraction geometry for Brillouin scattering experiments in which the applied acoustic beam and the optical wave vectors lie in a plane containing the optic axis of uniaxial crystals. A computer program solves for the diffraction angles for the general cases where the choice of crystal, crystal face, direction of acoustic propagation, plane of optical incidence, and amount of optical activity are all arbitrary. It is shown that for acoustic propagation along the X axis in quartz, the optical activity produces easily detectable changes in the angles of the incident and diffracted light beams in the XZ plane when polarization change occurs on diffraction. Moreover for this case, the optical activity produces a cutoff acoustic frequency below which Brouillin scattering with polarization rotation does not occur. Experimental measurements verify the predicted angular changes to within the accuracy permitted by the finite acoustic beam width.

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