Joint Deep-Learning-Enabled Impact of Holistic Care on Line Coagulation in Hemodialysis

In order to investigate the impact of holistic care on line coagulation and safety in hemodialysis and to address limitations of the conventional ultrasound flow vector imaging (VFM) technique, which requires proprietary software to acquire raw Doppler and scatter tracking data, a combined deep-learning-enabled holistic care approach to line coagulation in hemodialysis is proposed. First, velocity along the direction of the sound beam, which is provided by the color Doppler echocardiogram, is obtained as the radial velocity component using a velocity scale. Moreover, the left ventricular wall contour is automatically identified using a U-Net network and the left ventricular wall velocity is calculated as the boundary condition of continuity equation by a retrained PWC-Net model. Likewise, the velocity component of each blood mass in the vertical direction of the sound beam is obtained by solving the continuity equation (i.e. tangential velocity component). Finally, the velocity vector map of cardiac flow field was synthesized and visualized in the flow diagram. For this purpose, sixty patients admitted to receive hemodialysis from February 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients where the control group implemented conventional care and the study group implemented all-round care on the basis of conventional care. The nursing effects of both groups were compared. Incidence of pipeline coagulation and complications in the study group were lower than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The nursing detail score, nursing attitude score, nursing professionalism score, and total satisfaction score in the study group were higher than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Applying all-round nursing in hemodialysis can effectively reduce the incidence of line coagulation complications and improve the safety of hemodialysis, as well as improve patients’ satisfaction with nursing care.

Virtual bass preprocessing and carrier frequency optimization for the parametric array loudspeaker

The parametric array loudspeaker (PAL) is a novel type of loudspeaker that can project a directional sound beam. It is usually used in creating personal sound zone and projecting private messages to a targeted audience. However, the PAL has a very poor low-frequency response due to the inherent nonlinear acoustic principle generating sound from ultrasound in air. A psychoacoustic signal processing method known as the virtual bass (VB) has been proved to be an effective method to improve the bass quality of consumer electronics with miniature or flat loudspeaker unit. This paper proposes the VB processing based on the phase vocoder (PV) for the bass enhancement of the PAL that adopts a vestigial sideband modulation method. The harmonics generated by the VB processing are presented in the partial sideband, while the audio input without the bass component is embedded in the full sideband. A measure, namely the in-band peak flatness, is thereafter proposed in this paper to determine the optimal carrier frequency, given a practical uneven frequency response of the ultrasonic transducer. The subjective testing results validate that the proposed VB processing together with the optimal carrier frequency can finally realize the improvement of bass sound quality of the PAL.

Conventional echocardiography—basic principles

Echocardiography is an imaging technique that enables accurate assessment of cardiac structures and cardiac function. Conventional echocardiography involves different modalities—especially the M-mode, the 2D, and colour Doppler, as well as the pulsed-wave and continuous wave Doppler. The M-mode illustrates the reflections of a single sound beam plotted against time. 2D echocardiography enables the documentation of views, which represent characteristic sectional planes of the moving heart during one heart cycle. Colour Doppler echocardiography adds the information of blood flow to the 2D cineloop. Pulsed-wave Doppler is the acquisition of a local blood flow spectrum of a defined region represented by the dimension of the sample volume, whereas continuous wave Doppler displays the blood flow spectrum of all measured blood flow velocities along a straight line sound beam from its beginning to the end. The handling of the transducer has to be target-oriented, stable with respect to the imaging targets, and coordinated with respect to angle differences between the defined views to use all these modalities correctly to get optimal image quality of the cineloops and spectra. Thus, the focus of this chapter will be a mainly practically oriented description of scanning technique in transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography.

NOISE PROTECTIVE SCREENS AS MEANS OF OPTIMIZATION OF NOISE MODE

One of factors that negatively influence on an environment is noise. Noise can negatively influence on a health man. Determination of effective measures of noise rotection of workplaces became the aim of our researches. Certainly, that the most more showy measure are the so-called screens. It is significant, it is the most effective entrance of the city. They became the theme of our research. By us were the studied systems of classifications of screens. They are divided depending on such parameters: on the method of action; after a geometrical form; after an outline in a plan; after the method of arranging, on material. Defining advantages or lacks of the two following charts is impossible (id est there is not sense). They are accepted as given. Consideration of frequent is carried out from the source of noise, that it is located in a narrow corridor between an abat-voix and other obstacle. For simplification it is possible to accept the location of source of noise directly on the surface of soil: the point of source of noise is successfully approximated by a location directly on the surface of soil; distance between this surface and very had an actual mestome to the locations, easily yields to the calculation, i always can be a little rather entered in a calculation as an insignificant additional correction. If we consider reflections not from the left, but from the right screen, absolutely adequate formulas can be derived, in which (taking into account the mirror symmetry of geometric construction), the corresponding indexes are simply replaced... At some stage, the multiple reflection stops. This happens when the height of one of the reflection points exaggerates the height of one of the screens. The sound beam has nothing more to reflect, and it enters the space (to the sky). Therefore, when describing each reflection, we provide boundary conditions for its happening. A voice ray falls on a screen, and reflected from a that screen under the same corner q. It is suggested to "delete" a voice ray by us, directing him to sky above an oppositely stand-up screen after the first beating back.

Optimal Design of Annular Phased Array Transducers for Material Nonlinearity Determination in Pulse–Echo Ultrasonic Testing

Nonlinear ultrasound has been proven to be a useful nondestructive testing tool for micro-damage inspection of materials and structures operating in harsh environment. When measuring the nonlinear second harmonic wave in a solid specimen in the pulse–echo (PE) testing mode, the stress-free boundary characteristics brings the received second harmonic component close to zero. Therefore, the PE method has never been employed to measure the so-called “nonlinear parameter (β)”, which is used to quantify the degree of micro-damage. When there are stress-free boundaries, a focused beam is known to improve the PE reception of the second harmonic wave, so phased-array (PA) transducers can be used to generate the focused beam. For the practical application of PE nonlinear ultrasonic testing, however, it is necessary to develop a new type of PA transducer that is completely different from conventional ones. In this paper, we propose a new annular PA transducer capable of measuring β with improved second harmonic reception in the PE mode. Basically, the annular PA transducer (APAT) consists of four external ring transmitters and an internal disk receiver at the center. The focused beam properties of the transducers are analyzed using a nonlinear sound beam model which incorporates the effects of beam diffraction, material attenuation, and boundary reflection. The optimal design of the APAT is performed in terms of the maximum second harmonic reception and the total correction close to one, and the results are presented in detail.

Numerical and Experimental Studies on Inclined Incidence Parametric Sound Propagation

The Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov (KZK) equation has been widely used in the simulation and calculation of nonlinear sound fields. However, the accuracy of KZK equation reduced due to the deflection of the direction of the sound beam when the sound beam is inclined incidence. In this paper, an equivalent sound source model is proposed to make the calculation direction of KZK calculation model consistent with the sound propagation direction after acoustic refraction, so as to improve the accuracy of sound field calculation under the inclined incident conditions. The theoretical research and pool experiment verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.