An Insight into Combustion Process in a Spark Ignition Engine Using Three Dimensional Modeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 3016-3024
Author(s):  
Moslem Yousefi ◽  
F. Ommi ◽  
Mehdi Farajpour
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Spark Plug

In this paper a three dimensional model of a spark ignition engine is presented using KIVA-3V code to investigate the combustion process of engine and gain a better understanding of what happens during this stage. The Whole engine cycle is simulated and the validity of the model is examined by experimental result of in-cylinder bulk pressure. the effect of ignition timing, spark plug location on the engine performance and pollutants of this engine has been investigated .The numerical results show that Relocating the spark plug near to the exhaust valves in order of taking advantage of higher temperature does not have the desired results. Using lean excessive air results in decreasing advancing the ignition results in an increase in the maximum bulk pressure and power of engine. Due to increase in maximum temperature of the combustion chamber the amount of NOx rises, too.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Engine Performance and Emissions for Port Injection of Ammonia into a Gasoline\Ethanol Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Farhad Salek ◽  
Meisam Babaie ◽  
Amin Shakeri ◽  
Seyed Vahid Hosseini ◽  
Timothy Bodisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Hc Emissions

This study aims to investigate the effect of the port injection of ammonia on performance, knock and NOx emission across a range of engine speeds in a gasoline/ethanol dual-fuel engine. An experimentally validated numerical model of a naturally aspirated spark-ignition (SI) engine was developed in AVL BOOST for the purpose of this investigation. The vibe two zone combustion model, which is widely used for the mathematical modeling of spark-ignition engines is employed for the numerical analysis of the combustion process. A significant reduction of ~50% in NOx emissions was observed across the engine speed range. However, the port injection of ammonia imposed some negative impacts on engine equivalent BSFC, CO and HC emissions, increasing these parameters by 3%, 30% and 21%, respectively, at the 10% ammonia injection ratio. Additionally, the minimum octane number of primary fuel required to prevent knock was reduced by up to 3.6% by adding ammonia between 5 and 10%. All in all, the injection of ammonia inside a bio-fueled engine could make it robust and produce less NOx, while having some undesirable effects on BSFC, CO and HC emissions.

scholarly journals Simulation of spark ignition engine performance working on biogas hydrogen mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Donatas Kriaučiūnas ◽  
Saugirdas Pukalskas ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Crankshaft Rotation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Engine Crankshaft ◽  
Lower Heating

Numerical simulations of Nissan Qashqai HR16DE engine with increased compression ratio from 10,7:1 to 13,5:1 was carried out using AVL BOOST software. Modelled engine work cycles while engine works with biogas (BG) and hydrogen (H2) mixtures. For biogas used mixture of 35 % carbon dioxide (CO2) and 65 % methane (CH4). Three mixtures of biogas with added 5 %, 10 % and 15 % H2 was made. The simulation of engine work cycles was performed at fully opened throttle and changing engine crankshaft rotation speeds: ne1 = 1500, ne2 = 3000, ne3 = 4500, ne4 = 6000 rpm. Simulation results demonstrated what adding hydrogen to biogas increase in-cylinder temperature and nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentration because of higher mixtures lower heating values (LHV) and better combustion process. Other emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) decreased while adding hydrogen due to the fact that hydrogen is carbon-free fuel.

A Multiple-Zone Cycle Simulation for Spark-Ignition Engines: Thermodynamic Details

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald A. Caton
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
The Individual

Abstract A thermodynamic cycle simulation was developed for a spark-ignition engine which included the use of multiple zones for the combustion process. This simulation was used to complete analyses for a commercial, spark-ignition V-8 engine operating at a part load condition. Specifically, the engine possessed a compression ratio of 8.1:1, and had a bore and stroke of 101.6 and 88.4 mm, respectively. A part load operating condition at 1400 rpm with an equivalence ratio of 1.0 was examined. Results were obtained for overall engine performance, for detailed in-cylinder events, and for the thermodynamics of the individual processes. In particular, the characteristics of the engine operation with respect to the combustion process were examined. Implications of the multiple zones formulation for the combustion process are described.

Characteristics of New Ignition Systems to Improve Engine Performance

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
By R. C. Teasel ◽  
R. D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Discharge ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Discharge Characteristics ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Spark Plug

The increasing use of spark ignition engines throughout the world has confronted the engine designer with new problems such as air pollution, world-wide temperature extremes, as well as legislative, economic, and human considerations. To meet these situations and improve the competitive position of the spark ignition engine requires considerable research and development effort. This paper reports on work conducted by Champion Spark Plug Company in attempting to evaluate the potential contribution that ignition system and spark plug designs can make towards improving spark ignition engine operation. Almost all the work reported here covers investigations in current large displacement United States passenger car engines. The three main characteristics of the overall ignition systems that are investigated are (1) the available output voltage characteristics of the ignition systems; (2) the effect of the ignition system spark discharge characteristics on engine performance; and (3) the effect of several spark plug design features on engine performance. This investigation shows that the inter-relationship of the ignition system spark discharge characteristics and the spark plug design requires that the overall evaluation must consider the dependence of both items. It also suggests that significant improvements can result in other United States and European engines, through the careful evaluation of ignition system and spark plug designs. The results of this work indicate that a fast rise time, short arc duration system results in reduced spark plug gap growth and better resistance to spark plug fouling. However, the arc duration must not be shorter than a minimum value, or a loss in engine performance may result. High output systems are desirable as they provide a higher voltage reserve to provide longer spark plug life, but the higher voltages that occur with the larger spark plug gaps can stress other ignition system components. The spark plug designs which incorporate a projection of the spark plug gap result in better performance in the engines tested, and possibly even reduce exhaust emissions. Certainly other features which engine manufacturers must consider, which are not discussed in detail here, are costs, durability, and maintenance of the new systems. At least one other important related problem is that of interference.

Numerical Analysis of a Small Turbo-Charged Spark-Ignition Engine

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fontana ◽  
Enzo Galloni ◽  
Roberto Palmaccio ◽  
Enrico Torella
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Torque Values

The reduction of green-house gas emissions, that is the reduction of engine fuel consumption, is becoming a primary requirement for the automotive industry as well as meeting current and future emission legislations. Performing high torque values with small displacement engines, the so-called “downsizing”, permits, in general, to limit some typical engine losses (for instance: pumping and friction losses), increasing the overall engine efficiency. This means to improve vehicle fuel economy and, as a consequence, the CO2 emissions avoiding a performance decrease. In this paper, the behavior of a small displacement turbocharged spark-ignition engine prototype, for medium size passenger cars, has been analyzed. 3-D numerical simulations have been carried out in order to achieve a lot of information on engine performance and control parameters. Thus, at different engine operating points, intake and exhaust manifold pressure, volumetric efficiency, high pressure curves, the flow field of the fresh charge within the cylinder, the air to fuel ratio distribution, the residual gas fraction distribution and so long have been calculated. Since, as usual, the turbocharged version of the engine under study derives from an existing naturally aspirated engine, the purpose of this investigation is to obtain a detailed picture of the variations produced by turbo-charging on engine main parameters. The increase of knock risk due to higher cylinder pressures has been evaluated as well. Thanks to the three dimensional analysis, sound information have been obtained, so that suggestions for modifying some geometric engine parameters, according to the variations imposed by turbo-charging, have been proposed. Computations have been performed by means of the 3-D AVL Fire code. Initial and boundary conditions have been evaluated by means of 1-D, unsteady computations running separately from the 3-D code. The model utilized in this study has been validated by comparing the obtained results to the measured data provided by the research center of the engine manufacturer.

Analysis of the Flow in the Combustor—Transition Piece Considering the Variation in the Fuel Composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arturo Alfaro-Ayala ◽  
A. Gallegos-Muñoz ◽  
J. Manuel Riesco-Ávila ◽  
M. Flores-López ◽  
A. Campos-Amezcua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Direction ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Transition Piece

An analysis of the flow that depends on the fuel composition (natural gas) in the combustor–transition piece system, applying computational fluid dynamics, is presented. The study defines the velocity and temperature profiles at the exit of the transition piece and the hot streak along the system. The variation of the composition in the fuel depends of the amount of N2 contained in the fuel, and the hot track influences on the temperature distribution at the input of the first stage of vanes and blades of the gas turbine. The study takes place in a three-dimensional model in steady state using FLUENT® 6.3.26, applying the k-ε turbulence model and chemical equilibrium to the combustion process. The results show the influence of the transition piece geometry over the velocity and temperature profiles, principally, in the radial direction. The velocity profiles on the radial direction can be represented by six order polynomial and the temperature profile by third order polynomial. The temperature and velocity profiles keep a symmetry profile and they can be represented by six order polynomial at the circumferential direction. Knowing these profiles, it is possible to compute a more exact study of the heat transfer at vanes and blades of the first stage of the turbine to evaluate the performance and life of them. On the other hand, considering from 2% to 10% of N2 in the fuel composition, the maximum temperature is reduced in the combustion process and consequently the NOx emissions too.

Analysis of the Flow in the Combustor-Transition Piece Considering the Variation in the Fuel Composition

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arturo Alfaro Ayala ◽  
Armando Gallegos Mun˜oz ◽  
J. Manuel Riesco A´vila ◽  
Marco Polo Flores Lo´pez ◽  
Alfonso Campos Amezcua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Direction ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Transition Piece

An analysis of the flow that depends of the fuel composition (natural gas) in the combustor-transition piece system, applying Computational Fluid Dynamics, is presented. The study defines the velocity and temperature profiles at the exit of the transition piece and the hot streak along the system. The variation of the composition in the fuel depends of the amount of N2 contained in the fuel, and the hot track influences on the temperature distribution at the input of the first stage of vanes and blades of the gas turbine. The study takes place in a three-dimensional model in steady state using FLUENT ® 6.3.26, applying the k-ε turbulence model and chemical equilibrium to the combustion process. The results show the influence of the transition piece geometry over the velocity and temperature profiles, principally, in the radial direction. The velocity profiles on the radial direction can be represented by six order polynomial and the temperature profile by third order polynomial. The temperature and velocity profiles keep a symmetry profile and they can be represented by six order polynomial at the circumferential direction. Knowing these profiles, it is possible to compute a more exact study of the heat transfer at vanes and blades of the first stage of the turbine to evaluate the performance and life of them. On the other hand, considering from 5% to 10% of N2 in the fuel composition, the maximum temperature is reduced in the combustion process and consequently the NOx emissions too.

scholarly journals Knock Suppression of a Spark-Ignition Aviation Piston Engine Fuelled with Kerosene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enhua Wang ◽  
Chenyao Wang ◽  
Fujun Zhang ◽  
Huasheng Cui ◽  
Chuncun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Aviation Engines

Spark-ignition (SI) engine has a high power density, making it suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles. Normally, gasoline fuel with a high octane number (ON) is used for a spark-ignition engine. However, gasoline fuel is easy to be evaporated and has a low flash point which is unsafe for aviation engines. Kerosene with a high flash point is safer than gasoline. In this chapter, the combustion characteristics of kerosene for a spark-ignition aviation piston engine are analyzed. A three-dimensional (3D) model is setup, and the combustion process of the engine fuelled with kerosene is simulated. Later, the knock limit extension by water injection is evaluated experimentally. The results indicate that water injection can suppress the knock of SI engine with kerosene in some extent and the output power can be improved significantly.

Engine Performance Monitoring by Means of the Spark Plug

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Zhao ◽  
N Collings ◽  
T Ma
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Detection Circuit ◽  
Knock Detection ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
The One ◽  
Secondary Winding

The importance of measuring ‘what is going on’ inside a spark ignition engine is well recognized. Knocking combustion cyclic variation, misfiring arid plug fouling are some of the processes to be monitored and controlled. In this work, a new system capable of monitoring these processes using the spark plug is described. The technique relies on a new design of the spark plug ionization detection circuit incorporated in the secondary winding of an ignition coil. It avoids the use of high-voltage diodes that are expensive and unreliable. It can be built into one unit with an ignition coil and directly applied to the one coil per plug system. By way of demonstration, the system's operation is reported for investigations of knock detection and engine cyclic variations in a spark ignition engine.

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