Calculation of Speed Ratio of Two-Stage Helical Gear Reducer for Minimum Mass

2013 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Cheng Yi Pan

This paper analyses distribution of the total speed ratio of two-stage helical gear reducer. On the minimum mass and contact strength condition , the optimum speed ratio equation is derived. By means of the least square method, the fitting formula of calculating optimum speed ratio on minimum mass candition is obtained. Using this formula, the optimum speed ratio of two-stage helical gear reducer having minimum mass can be found quickly and accurately.

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Massidda ◽  
Ivan Etzo ◽  
Romano Piras

This article investigates whether the presence of immigrants represents an opportunity for Italian tourism firms to increase the number of establishments and their employees. To this scope, we focus on the hotels and restaurants sector where a great amount of revenues comes from the tourist expenditure. The investigation is conducted at both the nationwide level and, separately, for Centre-Northern and Southern provinces. As estimation technique, in order to deal with the potential endogeneity problem, we will proceed with the two-stage least square method. The results strongly support a positive relationship between the provincial share of immigrants and the number of tourism establishments and their employees. This relationship seems to be stronger for southern provinces.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1175 ◽  
pp. 012212
Author(s):  
Yuniningsih Yuniningsih ◽  
Muhamad Taufiq ◽  
Eni Wuryani ◽  
Rahmat Hidayat

Author(s):  
Shubing Guo ◽  
Xueli Zhan ◽  
Junhai Ma

This article conducts a theoretical analysis and empirical study on the complex relations among five elements (leadership, followership, leader-member exchange, leadership situation, and leadership performance) based on a two-stage least square method (TSLS). Results show that in China leadership and followership are positively correlated with performance; LMX (Leader–Member eXchange) is negatively correlated with performance; LMX show significant positive correlations with leadership and followership; circle and face are positive correlated with leadership and followership, but favor is negatively correlated with leadership, followership, and LMX. Moreover, a SLRFP (Situation, Leadership, Relationship, Followership, Performance) five-force relational leadership model was constructed, revealing the core contents of relational leadership. These elements mainly include relational structure, dynamics and process, and provide a theoretical framework for establishing a unified theory of leadership based on the integration of traditional theories. The present study has high academic and favorable reference value.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilys Victoire Razakamanana ◽  
Martine Audibert ◽  
Voahirana Tantely Andrianatoandro

Abstract Background: In Madagascar, malaria remains the leading cause of consultation and deaths at hospital at all ages and pneumonia is one of the main causes of the under-five mortality and account for 45% of children hospitalizations. The number of cases and deaths has not decreased during the last ten years. This paper aims to determine the effects of malaria and pneumonia on rice and vanilla production and income.Methods: We use data from survey lead by the authors on 975 households and 3,586 individuals of the SAVA region in the northeast of Madagascar. After checking the presence of endogeneity, ordinary least-square method was used instead of two-stage least squares.Results: Our results showed that malaria has no effect on production, and therefore does not affect income. Pneumonia has an effect on production of rice and vanilla. Moreover, the cost of malaria and pneumonia healthcare burdened by households affect their consumption. Conclusions: Therefore, pneumonia should be considered in the same way as malaria due to its effects on production and investment to fight against these two diseases must be strengthened in order to decrease the costs for the households.


2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Setiawan ◽  
Sri Hartoyo ◽  
Bonar M. Sinaga ◽  
M. Parulian Hutagaol

<strong>English</strong><br />As one of the five most populous countries in the world, Indonesia has a big challenge to meet the food needs of its people. Food diversification has long been an important agenda of the national agricultural development planning program, but the achievement, however, remains disappointing. This paper aims to analyze the impacts of rice input, output and trade policy on diversification of major staple food consumption and production. This study analyzes four main staple foods, i.e. rice, maize, cassava, and wheat using national series data for the period of 1981-2013. The System of Simultaneous Equations Model consisting of 22 structural equations and 31 identity equations were estimated using a Two-Stage Least Square method. The results show that single policy instrument of reducing fertilizer and seed subsidies and increasing the government purchasing price policy increase diversification of food consumption and production. Increasing rice import tariff is not effective to improve either consumption nor production diversification, but rice import ban could improve consumption diversification. Increasing the government purchasing price is not quite effective as the compensation for the fertilizer subsidy reduction. The fertilizer subsidy reduction policy should be conducted gradually. Seed subsidy reduction combined with rice import ban is considered as an alternative to the existing policy. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sebagai salah satu dari lima negara dengan penduduk terbesar di dunia, Indonesia mempunyai tantangan cukup besar dalam pemenuhan konsumsi pangan penduduknya. Diversifikasi pangan sudah lama menjadi salah satu agenda penting dalam program nasional pembangunan pertaniani namun pencapaiannya masih jauh dari yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan input, output, dan perdagangan beras terhadap diversifikasi produksi dan konsumsi pangan pokok yaitu, beras, jagung, ubi kayu, dan terigu, untuk data tingkat nasional tahun 1981–2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan model persamaan simultan, terdiri atas 22 persamaan struktural dan 31 persamaan identitas yang diestimasi dengan metode Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan tunggal baik pengurangan subsidi pupuk dan benih, maupun kebijakan menaikkan Harga Pembelian Pemerintah mampu meningkatkan diversifikasi produksi dan konsumsi pangan pokok. Kebijakan tarif impor beras tidak efektif untuk meningkatkan diversifikasi konsumsi dan produksi pangan pokok, tetapi kebijakan pelarangan impor dapat meningkatkan diversifikasi konsumsi pangan. Kebijakan peningkatan harga pembelian pemerintah terbukti kurang efektif sebagai kompensasi pengurangan subsidi pupuk. Kebijakan pengurangan subsidi pupuk harus diterapkan secara bertahap. Pengurangan subsidi benih yang disertai dengan pelarangan impor dapat menjadi kebijakan alternatif saat ini.


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