Calculation of Cosmic Radiation Exposure on Flights with Computer Program

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2261-2264
Author(s):  
Ying Jin Feng ◽  
Wei Ru Chen ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Shi Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Function Structure ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Effective Doses

The computer program CARD for used to calculate cosmic radiation doses of aviation route is developed by CAUC. In this paper the function, structure and run principle of CARD is presented. for management of radiation protection, according to the flight data of routes the cosmic radiation effective doses of every year received by the flight personnel during 2001 to 2011 were calculated with software CARD. The results obtained that calculated with CARD were compared with the data calculated using the CARI-6 and measured, respectively. The CARD results and CARI6, and measured agree within 10%.

IN-FLIGHT EXPOSURE TO COSMIC RADIATION ALONG SOME COMMERCIAL AIRLINE ROUTES TO AND FROM NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
O O ALATISE ◽  
A A ADEPOJU
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Commercial Airline ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Airline Crews

The study of “external” radiation called cosmic radiation that strikes the earth from anywhere beyond the atmosphere is of great importance in radiation protection. All human beings are exposed to an uncontrollable amount of cosmic radiation on the ground level. Those who travel in space, airline crews and frequent flyers are exposed to additional level of cosmic radiation during their trip but unfor-tunately many of them are not aware of this. This workcalculates the exposure of aircrews and fre-quent flyers to cosmic radiation during travel along some air routes to and from Nigeria. The effective dose was computed using a dedicated software CARI 6M, developed by US FAA.The study focuses on the significance of the in-flight exposure, assessment and estimation of in-flight exposure using the dedicated software and some ways of controlling the exposures so that airline crews and frequent flyers are not exposed to fatal levels of radiation.It was observed that the cosmic radiation doses re-ceived by passengers and crew members on board on flights from Lagos Nigeria to countries in Amer-ica were more than what they received en-route countries in Asia.

COSMIC RADIATION EXPOSURE CALCULATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC FLIGHTS DEPARTS FROM ISTANBUL AND ANKARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
L Amon Susam ◽  
H Yilmaz Alan ◽  
A Yilmaz ◽  
A Erol ◽  
C I Inci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Software Program ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Method Approach

Abstract In this study, cosmic radiation doses were calculated for domestic and international flights departing from Istanbul and furthermore for domestic flights departing from Ankara using a software program called CARI-7A and also a mathematical method approach. Main parameters for calculating cosmic radiation are vertical cut-off rigidity, flight duration, latitude–longitude and altitude of the flight. Our calculation results agree with the measurements for domestic and international flights departing from Istanbul and Ankara.

Radiation doses deriving from patients treated with 166Ho-ferric hydroxide

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
C. Pirich ◽  
P. John ◽  
S. Ofluoglu ◽  
H. Sinzinger ◽  
E. Havlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Protection Devices

Summary Aim: To estimate radiation doses deriving from patients treated with 166Ho ferric hydroxide. Methods: For radiation synoviorthesis about 900 ± 100 MBq 166Ho ferric hydroxide was injected into the knee joint of 16 patients. To estimate the radiation exposure of persons in the neighbourhood of the patients measurements of the dose rates were performed at 0.5 m, 1 m and 2 m distance of the treated joint 10 min after tracer injection. Measurements were carried out with and without radiation protection devices of the syringe. Results: The initial values of the dose rate were 11.9 μSv/h at 0.5 m, 3.5 μSv/h at 1 m and 1 μSv/h at 2 m distance, respectively. The whole body doses were 2.9 μSv for the physician and 4.6 μSv for the technologist. The finger doses for the technologist and the physician were ranging from 65 to 111 μSv. After discharge at home other persons might receive 118 μSv. Conclusion: Our results, under very strict assumptions, clearly demonstrate that the calculated radiation exposure to medical and non medical personnel is well below the maximum annual dose limit. The use of any additional radiation protection device as syringe shielding does not significantly lower radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Radiation Reduction and Protection for Radiosensitive Organs (Lens, Thyroid, and Genital Organs) of Patients Receiving Percutaneous Coronary Intervention—Real-World Measurement of Radiation Dose in a Single Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Wen-Hwa Wang ◽  
Kai-Che Wei ◽  
Wei-Chun Huang ◽  
Yuan-Yin Yen ◽  
Guang-Yuan Mar
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Radiosensitive Organs

Backgrounds: Reducing radiation exposure is the basic principle for performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Many studies have confirmed the effect of radiation protection for medical staff, but studies about the effectiveness of protection for patients and real measurement of radiation dose in patients’ specific organs are lacking. Aim: To measure the radiation doses absorbed by patients’ radiosensitive organs during PCI and the effectiveness of radiation protection. Methods: A total of 120 patients were included and allocated into three groups as the ratio of 1:1:2. A total of 30 patients received PCI at 15 frames rate per second (fps), 30 patients at 7.5 fps, and 60 patients wore radiation protective hat and glasses during PCI at 7.5 fps. The radiation doses were measured at right eyebrow (lens), neck (thyroid), back (skin), and inguinal area (genital organs) by using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Results: Dose-area product (DAP) reduced by 58.8% (from 534,454 ± 344,660 to 220,352 ± 164,101 mGy·cm2, p < 0.001) after reducing the frame rate, without affecting successful rate of PCI. Radiation doses measured on skin, lens, genital organs, and thyroid decreased by 73.3%, 40.0%, 40.0%, and 35.3%, respectively (from 192.58 ± 349.45 to 51.10 ± 59.21; 5.29 ± 4.27 to 3.16 ± 2.73; 0.25 ± 0.15 to 0.15 ± 0.15; and 17.42 ± 12.11 to 11.27 ± 8.52 μSv, p < 0.05). By providing radiation protective equipment, radiation doses at lens and thyroid decreased further by 71.8% and 65.9% (from 3.16 ± 2.73 to 0.89 ± 0.79; 11.27 ± 8.52 to 3.84 ± 3.49 μSv, p < 0.05). Conclusions: By lowering the frame rate and providing protective equipment, radiation exposure in radiosensitive organs can be effectively reduced in patients.

scholarly journals Physician’s Knowledge on X-ray Exposure from CT Scans in a Moroccan Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bouchra Amaoui ◽  
Abdennasser El Kharras ◽  
Slimane Semghouli
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
X Ray

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is a major source of ionizing radiation exposure in medical diagnostic.  Patients more exposed related to radiation are supposed to be more susceptible to health risks. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess physician’s knowledge of radiation doses and potential health risks of radiation exposure from CT. Materials and Methods: A standardized questionnaire was distributed to physicians. The questionnaire covered the demographic data of the prescriber, the frequency of referrals for CT scan examinations, the physicians’ knowledge of radiation doses, the potential health risks of radiation exposure from CT scan and training on patients’ radiation   protection. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: A total of 72 physicians (55%) completed the questionnaire. Ninety nine percent of the practitioners’ prescribe CT examinations for patients during their exercises but only 10% of physicians use the guideline during CT prescriptions. Thirty eight percent of prescribers took into account the ratio benefit/risk related to x-rays during radiological exam prescription. While 4% of prescribers’ explained the risk related to x-rays to the patients during radiological exam prescription, 14% of physicians have correctly estimated the effective dose received during an abdomen pelvic scan compared to the dose of a standard chest x-ray radiograph in an adult.  Fifty four percent of doctors underestimated the lifetime risk of fatal cancer attributable to a single computed tomography scan of the abdomen pelvic and 8% of practitioners have received formal training on risks to patients from radiation exposure. Conclusion: The present study showed the limited knowledge of radiation exposure for the Physicians. Recurrent training in advanced radiation protection of patients could lead to significant improvements in knowledge and practice of CT prescribers.

Radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism in Germany

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Knietsch ◽  
T. Spillmann ◽  
E.-G. Grünbaum ◽  
R. Bauer ◽  
M. Puille
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Radioiodine Treatment ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
Body Activity ◽  
Thyroid Uptake

SummaryAim: Establishment of radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism in veterinary routine in accordance with German radiation protection regulations. Patients and methods: 35 cats with proven hyperthyroidism were treated with 131I in a special ward. Thyroid uptake and effective halflife were determined using gammacamera dosimetry. Patients were released when measured whole body activity was below the limit defined in the German “Strahlenschutzverordnung”. Results: 17/20 cats treated with 150 MBq radioiodine and 15/15 cats treated with 250 MBq had normal thyroid function after therapy, normal values for FT3 and FT4 were reached after two and normal TSH levels after three weeks. In 14 cats normal thyroid function was confirmed by controls 3-6 months later. Thyroidal iodine uptake was 24 ± 10%, effective halflife 2.5 ± 0.7 days. Whole body activity <1 MBq was reached 13 ± 4 days after application of 131I. Radiation exposure of cat owners was estimated as 1.97 Sv/MBq for adults. Conclusion: Radioiodine therapy of feline hyper-thyroidism is highly effective and safe. It can easily be performed in accordance with German radiation protection regulations, although this requires hospitalisation for approximately two weeks. Practical considerations on radiation exposure of cat owners do not justify this long interval. Regulations for the veterinary use of radioactive substances similar to existing regulations for medical use in humans are higly desirable.

Strahlengefahrdung und Strahlenschutz / Radiation Exposure and Radiation Protection

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bamberg ◽  
D. van Beuningen ◽  
W. Gössner ◽  
Friedrich Heuck ◽  
H. Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection

Radiation exposure of the staff at the therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine department

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dolezal
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Personal Dosimetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Administered Activity

SummaryAim: To assess a radiation exposure and the quality of radiation protection concerning a nuclear medicine staff at our department as a six-year retrospective study. Therapeutic radionuclides such as 131I, 153Sm, 186Re, 32P, 90Y and diagnostic ones as a 99mTc, 201Tl, 67Ga, 111In were used. Material, method: The effective dose was evaluated in the period of 2001–2006 for nuclear medicine physicians (n = 5), technologists (n = 9) and radiopharmacists (n = 2). A personnel film dosimeter and thermoluminescent ring dosimeter for measuring (1-month periods) the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and Hp(0,07) were used by nuclear medicine workers. The wearing of dosimeters was obligatory within the framework of a nationwide service for personal dosimetry. The total administered activity of all radionuclides during these six years at our department was 17,779 GBq (99mTc 14 708 GBq, 131I 2490 GBq, others 581 GBq). The administered activity of 99mTc was similar, but the administered activity of 131I in 2006 increased by 200%, as compared with the year 2001. Results: The mean and one standard deviation (SD) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for nuclear medicine physicians was 1.9 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.8, 1.2 ± 0.8, 1.4 ± 0.8, 1.3 ± 0.6, 0.8 ± 0.4 and for nuclear medicine technologists was 1.9 ± 0.8, 1.7 ± 1.4, 1.0 ± 1.0, 1.1 ± 1.2, 0.9 ± 0.4 and 0.7 ± 0.2 in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The mean (n = 2, estimate of SD makes little sense) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for radiopharmacists was 3.2, 1.8, 0.6, 1.3, 0.6 and 0.3. Although the administered activity of 131I increased, the mean personal effective dose per year decreased during the six years. Conclusion: In all three professional groups of nuclear medicine workers a decreasing radiation exposure was found, although the administered activity of 131I increased during this six-year period. Our observations suggest successful radiation protection measures at our department.

Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Closure Function With 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography and Assessment of Radiation Exposure in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110017
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Kobayashi ◽  
Masanao Kobayashi ◽  
Daisuke Kanamori ◽  
Naoko Fujii ◽  
Yumi Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Secondary Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Closure Function

Objective: Some patients with cleft palate (CP) need secondary surgery to improve functionality. Although 4-dimensional assessment of velopharyngeal closure function (VPF) in patients with CP using computed tomography (CT) has been existed, the knowledge about quantitative evaluation and radiation exposure dose is limited. We performed a qualitative and quantitative assessment of VPF using CT and estimated the exposure doses. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Computed tomography images from 5 preoperative patients with submucous CP (SMCP) and 10 postoperative patients with a history of CP (8 boys and 7 girls, aged 4-7 years) were evaluated. Patients: Five patients had undergone primary surgery for SMCP; 10 received secondary surgery for hypernasality. Main Outcome Measures: The presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), patterns of velopharyngeal closure (VPC), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of VPI was evaluated via CT findings. Organ-absorbed radiation doses were estimated in 5 of 15 patients. The differences between cleft type and VPI, VPC patterns, and CSA of VPI were evaluated. Results: All patients had VPI. The VPC patterns (SMCP/CP) were evaluated as coronal (1/4), sagittal (0/1), circular (1/2), and circular with Passavant’s ridge (2/2); 2 patients (1/1) were unevaluable because of poor VPF. The CSA of VPI was statistically larger in the SMCP group ( P = .0027). The organ-absorbed radiation doses were relatively lower than those previously reported. Conclusions: Four-dimensional CT can provide the detailed findings of VPF that are not possible with conventional CT, and the exposure dose was considered medically acceptable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document