Porous Copper Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy Route Using NaCl Space Holder

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Amalina Nordin ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Nik Muhammad Faiz Nik Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Hot Compaction ◽  
Feedstock Material ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Route

Porous Copper (porous Cu) with varying porosities was prepared using sodium chloride (NaCl) particles as space holder through powder metallurgy route. Pre-alloyed copper that was used as a feedstock material were mixed with the varying proportion (0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of volume fraction) of laboratory grade NaCl prior to hot compaction. The green compacts were subjected to water leaching process in order to remove NaCl particles and consequently being sintered at 850°C. The resultant porous Cu were examined in terms of density, porosities, microstructures and dimensional changes. The effect of space holder on the occurrence of pores in sintered article was investigated. It was found that the amount and shape of the space holder particle greatly affect the percentage of porosities and the shape of the pore of the sintered article.

COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POROUS TI-6AL-4V WITH PALM STEARIN BINDER SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Mohamad Nor ◽  
J.B Saedon ◽  
N. A. A. Kasim ◽  
M. H. Ismail ◽  
Hazran Husain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Binder System ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Different Temperatures

Most Ti-6Al-4V implant used today are often much stiffer than human bone. However, the young modulus of those Ti-6Al-4V implants can be reduced through the formation of porous structure. Palm stearin binder system with an addition of sodium chloride as space holder has been established in the fabrication of porous Ti-6Al-4V. Thus, this paper focuses on the compressive mechanical properties of porous Ti-6Al-4V with utilization of palm stearin binder system along with sodium chloride (NaCl) as the space holder. The evaluated compositions consist of the powder volume fraction of 63vol% and 65vol%. The samples were compacted by thermal compacting machine at temperature of 160oC. Two different debinding processes involved, which are heptane solvent and water leaching. Then the samples were sintered up to three different temperatures, which are 1200oC, 1250oC and 1300oC. Mechanical properties of the porous Ti-6Al-4V were characterized by axial compression testing. The maximum compressive stress and Young’s modulus of the samples were determined to be 403.87MPa and 9.92GPa.

Effect of Pore Forming Agent on Microstructures and Properties of Porous Molybdenum

2013 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Zhen Lin Lu ◽  
Xiao Jie Rao ◽  
Xiao Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Compressive Fracture ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen

The porous molybdenum was prepared by addition of pore forming agent and powder metallurgy method. The results show that the species and amount of pore forming agent are the primary influencing factors for the microstructures and properties of porous molybdenum. The pore shapes in porous molybdenum are regular and uniformly distributed. The porosity of porous molybdenum would be the largest and the transmission rate would be the best when sodium chloride was selected as pore forming agent. The compressive fracture strength of porous molybdenum would be more than 30MPa when the ammonium hydrogen carbonate was selected as pore formimg agent and its addition was 70 % (volume fraction). But the porosity would be the lowest.

The structure and properties of porous copper produced by powder metallurgy using NaCl as space holder agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Trung Tran Bao ◽  
◽  
Phuong Doan Dinh ◽  
Toan Nguyen Van ◽  
Hoan Trinh Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Ultrasonic Process ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

In this work, the porous copper samples were produced via the powder metallurgy using NaCl as the space holder. Cu and NaCl powders were mixed by a double-cone mixing machine and then pressed into the cylindrical pellets (12 mm in diameter) at the pressure of 100 MPa. The sintering was done in a tube furnace using hydrogen environment at 900 oC for 1h. After sintering, the samples were subjected to vibration in water for 3h to remove the NaCl particles. The results showed that the porous copper has been produced and NaCl has been completely removed after the ultrasonic process in distilled water. Using NaCl space holder, the porous structure has two types of pores: the macropore induced by the removement of NaCl and the micro-pore induced by the partial sintering of Cu powders. With increase of NaCl content from 0 to 20 wt.%, the porosity and permeability of the samples increased from 24 to 58 % and from 1.53×10-13 to 12.46×10-13 m2, respectively. However, the compressive strength of the samples has a decrease with the increase of porosity resulted from the increase of NaCl content.

scholarly journals Experimental analysis on metallic foams-a response surface methodology approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Ibrahim Abd
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Al Powder ◽  
Porosity Fraction

This study aimed to fabricate metallic porous materials using powder metallurgy (PM) space-holder technique. In the PM route, Al powder was mixed with different ratios (7%, 10%, and 20%) and sizes (500 and 1000 μm) of sodium chloride granules as space-holder agent. The mixture was then compacted at different compacting pressures (150, 200, and 250 MPa) and then heated to 280 °C for sintering. Subsequently, sodium chloride granules were removed by dissolving in water to obtain the porous structure. Tests were performed on all porous Al specimens, and characteristics such as density and porosity were measured. A statistical approach was used to optimize processing parameters. ANOVA statistical tool was used to obtain the final evaluation of the most significant features, namely, relative density and porosity fraction.

Stainless steel foams made through powder metallurgy route using NH4HCO3 as space holder

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Mondal ◽  
Hemant Jain ◽  
S. Das ◽  
A.K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Route

Processing of Porous Copper by Powder Metallurgy Route with Different Types of Space Holder Materials (SHMs)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Rasid Siti Athirah ◽  
Mohamad Mazlan ◽  
Nordin Amalina ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Copper Powder ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Different Types

Different types of space holder material (SHM) could be used to produce porous copper by powder metallurgy (PM) route. In this present work, three types of selected SHMs, namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), natrium chloride (NaCl) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) were used in the processing of porous copper. Prior mixing with copper powder, the SHM was characterized by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) in order to investigate the decomposition temperature. After the mixture of SHM and copper powder was manually pressed to form a cylindrical shape, sintering process was carried out in a high vacuum furnace, followed by dissolution process. Phase analysis and morphological analyses were carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results showed that owing to greater decomposition temperature for K2CO3 than that of PMMA and NaCl, the porous structure developed exhibited a promising morphology, replicating the shape of the K2CO3 particles employed, thus promoting better engineered porous structure to suit the desired applications in thermal management applications (TMAs). Besides, the samples also showed better shape rigidity throughout the processing stage.

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