The structure and properties of porous copper produced by powder metallurgy using NaCl as space holder agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Trung Tran Bao ◽  
◽  
Phuong Doan Dinh ◽  
Toan Nguyen Van ◽  
Hoan Trinh Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Ultrasonic Process ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

In this work, the porous copper samples were produced via the powder metallurgy using NaCl as the space holder. Cu and NaCl powders were mixed by a double-cone mixing machine and then pressed into the cylindrical pellets (12 mm in diameter) at the pressure of 100 MPa. The sintering was done in a tube furnace using hydrogen environment at 900 oC for 1h. After sintering, the samples were subjected to vibration in water for 3h to remove the NaCl particles. The results showed that the porous copper has been produced and NaCl has been completely removed after the ultrasonic process in distilled water. Using NaCl space holder, the porous structure has two types of pores: the macropore induced by the removement of NaCl and the micro-pore induced by the partial sintering of Cu powders. With increase of NaCl content from 0 to 20 wt.%, the porosity and permeability of the samples increased from 24 to 58 % and from 1.53×10-13 to 12.46×10-13 m2, respectively. However, the compressive strength of the samples has a decrease with the increase of porosity resulted from the increase of NaCl content.

Processing of Porous Copper by Powder Metallurgy Route with Different Types of Space Holder Materials (SHMs)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Rasid Siti Athirah ◽  
Mohamad Mazlan ◽  
Nordin Amalina ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Copper Powder ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Different Types

Different types of space holder material (SHM) could be used to produce porous copper by powder metallurgy (PM) route. In this present work, three types of selected SHMs, namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), natrium chloride (NaCl) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) were used in the processing of porous copper. Prior mixing with copper powder, the SHM was characterized by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) in order to investigate the decomposition temperature. After the mixture of SHM and copper powder was manually pressed to form a cylindrical shape, sintering process was carried out in a high vacuum furnace, followed by dissolution process. Phase analysis and morphological analyses were carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results showed that owing to greater decomposition temperature for K2CO3 than that of PMMA and NaCl, the porous structure developed exhibited a promising morphology, replicating the shape of the K2CO3 particles employed, thus promoting better engineered porous structure to suit the desired applications in thermal management applications (TMAs). Besides, the samples also showed better shape rigidity throughout the processing stage.

Study on Structure and Properties of Porous Copper Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Hao Zhong ◽  
Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Pore Former ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Increasing Trend

CuSn6Zn6 alloy powder and a pore former were used as raw material. Porous bronze was successfully prepared by the sintering and dissolution process (SDP). The porosity is in range of 76%~88%, and the pore size is in range of 0.8~3.3mm. The effect of the porosity and cell sizes of specimens on its mechanical property was investigated, and the effect of sintering temperature on its relative density and porosity was also studied. The experimental results indicate that under the condition of the same pore size, the compressive strength decreases with the increase of porosity, the compressive strength changes from 10Mpa to 2Mpa with the porosity from 76% to 88%; under the same porosity condition, the compressive strength does not change significantly with the pore size, but it has a slightly increasing trend with the decrease of the pore size. The relative density of the specimens increases with the increase of the sintering temperature.

Porous Copper Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy Route Using NaCl Space Holder

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Amalina Nordin ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Nik Muhammad Faiz Nik Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Hot Compaction ◽  
Feedstock Material ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Route

Porous Copper (porous Cu) with varying porosities was prepared using sodium chloride (NaCl) particles as space holder through powder metallurgy route. Pre-alloyed copper that was used as a feedstock material were mixed with the varying proportion (0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of volume fraction) of laboratory grade NaCl prior to hot compaction. The green compacts were subjected to water leaching process in order to remove NaCl particles and consequently being sintered at 850°C. The resultant porous Cu were examined in terms of density, porosities, microstructures and dimensional changes. The effect of space holder on the occurrence of pores in sintered article was investigated. It was found that the amount and shape of the space holder particle greatly affect the percentage of porosities and the shape of the pore of the sintered article.

scholarly journals Sustainable Production of Powder Metallurgy Aluminum Foams Sintered by Concentrated Solar Energy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1544
Author(s):  
Antonio Cañadilla ◽  
Ana Romero ◽  
Gloria P. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy

Porous aluminum foams were successfully fabricated following the space-holder powder metallurgy method with a solar sintering stage. Al foams with porosities of 50, 60, and 70 vol.% were sintered in a low-cost Fresnel lens. Green parts were prepared using aluminum powder as the main metallic material and saccharose as a soluble space-holder. The dissolution stage was designed for each foam and required longer periods of time, between 8 and 32 h, as the design porosity increased. Brown parts were fully sintered by concentrated solar energy at a lower temperature (500 °C) and for shorter times (12–20 min) than those required by conventional sintering techniques (640 °C, ~9 h). The evaluation of density and the characterization of pore size and distribution in the sintered foams was carried out. All obtained foams were stable and presented a homogeneously distributed porosity, very close to the design porosity, with differences lower than 2.1 vol.%, and with approximately half being characterized as open porosity. Moreover, the solar sintered foams presented a high quality, and similar or even greater mechanical properties (such as compressive strength and impact energy absorption) than those achieved by conventional techniques. Foams with 50 vol.% of porosity exhibited the best mechanical behavior, in terms of impact-energy absorption (24.42 MJ/m3) and compressive strength (27.4 MPa).

scholarly journals Effect of Morphologically Controlled Hematite Nanoparticles on the Properties of Fly Ash Blended Cement

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Pantharee Kongsat ◽  
Sakprayut Sinthupinyo ◽  
Edgar A. O’Rear ◽  
Thirawudh Pongprayoon
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Fe2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Hematite Nanoparticles

Several types of hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3) have been investigated for their effects on the structure and properties of fly ash (FA) blended cement. All synthesized nanoparticles were found to be of spherical shape, but of different particle sizes ranging from 10 to 195 nm depending on the surfactant used in their preparation. The cement hydration with time showed 1.0% α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are effective accelerators for FA blended cement. Moreover, adding α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in FA blended cement enhanced the compressive strength and workability of cement. Nanoparticle size and size distribution were important for optimal filling of various size of pores within the cement structure.

scholarly journals Effect of Copper Addition on the AlCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys Properties via the Electroless Plating and Powder Metallurgy Technique

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Hassan ◽  
Hossam M. Yehia ◽  
Ahmed S. A. Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Essa El-Nikhaily ◽  
Omayma A. Elkady
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Atomic Radius ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Copper Metal ◽  
High Entropy

To improve the AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys’ (HEAs’) toughness, it was coated with different amounts of Cu then fabricated by the powder metallurgy technique. Mechanical alloying of equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi HEAs for 25 h preceded the coating process. The established powder samples were sintered at different temperatures in a vacuum furnace. The HEAs samples sintered at 950˚C exhibit the highest relative density. The AlCoCrFeNi HEAs model sample was not successfully produced by the applied method due to the low melting point of aluminum. The Al element’s problem disappeared due to encapsulating it with a copper layer during the coating process. Because the atomic radius of the copper metal (0.1278 nm) is less than the atomic radius of the aluminum metal (0.1431 nm) and nearly equal to the rest of the other elements (Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni), the crystal size powder and fabricated samples decreased by increasing the content of the Cu wt%. On the other hand, the lattice strain increased. The microstructure revealed that the complete diffusion between the different elements to form high entropy alloy material was not achieved. A dramatic decrease in the produced samples’ hardness was observed where it decreased from 403 HV at 5 wt% Cu to 191 HV at 20 wt% Cu. On the contrary, the compressive strength increased from 400.034 MPa at 5 wt% Cu to 599.527 MPa at 15 wt% Cu with a 49.86% increment. This increment in the compressive strength may be due to precipitating the copper metal on the particles’ surface in the nano-size, reducing the dislocations’ motion, increasing the stiffness of produced materials. The formability and toughness of the fabricated materials improved by increasing the copper’s content. The thermal expansion has increased gradually by increasing the Cu wt%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document