Study on the Methods of Predicting the Fouling Characteristics of Plate Heat Exchanger Based on Water Quality Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Xiao Qiang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Plate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fouling Characteristics

Fouling characteristic of plate heat exchanger was studied through the experimental system, with the Songhua River water as working fluid. Several water quality parameters: pH value, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, chloride ion, iron ion, chemical oxygen demand, total bacterial count, which had great influence on the formation of fouling, as well as running condition, fouling resistance and other parameters were measured through the experimental system built. A group of fouling data of the typical water quality was obtained. Two prediction models of fouling characteristics of the plate heat exchanger were built based on partial least squares algorithm (PLS) and support vector regression machine (SVR) with water quality parameters as independent variables and fouling resistance as dependent variable, and the impact of water quality parameter on predicting accuracy was analyzed. Research results showed that: the prediction accuracy of two methods could be controlled within 12.5% and meet the requirements of the project. Through the comparison of the prediction results, it was proved that the SVR method was better than the method of PLS. The impact of the water quality parameters on prediction model was discussed by the means of deleting the water quality parameters one by one.

scholarly journals Effect of Maritime Traffic on Water Quality Parameters in Santa Marta, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
René Rodríguez-Grimón ◽  
Nestor Hernando Campos ◽  
Ítalo Braga Castro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiple Chemical

Since 2013, there has been an increase (>23%) in naval traffic using maritime routes and ports on the coastal fringe of Santa Marta, Colombia. Of major concern, and described by several studies, is the relationship between maritime traffic and coastal contamination. This study proposed a maritime traffic indicator considering the simultaneous effects of several relevant measurements of water quality parameters to estimate the impact of naval activity. The approach involved developing a model including the number of vessels, hull length, and permanence time in berths. In addition, water quality variables, considering climatic seasons, were used to verify association with maritime traffic and touristic activities. The high concentrations of total coliforms (TC) and dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons in chrysene equivalents (DDPH) reported by the International Marina of Santa Marta (SM) were affected by the local anthropic activities, including tourism, naval traffic, and urban wastewater discharges. Moreover, our results suggest the occurrence of multiple chemical impacts within Tayrona National Natural Park (PNNT) affecting conservation goals. The estimation of the maritime traffic indicator proposed in this study may be an easy and more complete tool for future studies evaluating the impact of naval activities on environmental quality.

A comprehensive survey on utilization of hybrid nanofluid in plate heat exchanger with various number of plates

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraz Afshari ◽  
Azim Doğuş Tuncer ◽  
Adnan Sözen ◽  
Halil Ibrahim Variyenli ◽  
Ataollah Khanlari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Plate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Using suspended nanoparticles in the base fluid is known as one of the most efficient ways for heat transfer augmentation and improving the thermal efficiency of various heat exchangers. Different types of nanofluids are available and used in different applications. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of using hybrid nanofluid and number of plates on the performance of plate heat exchanger. In this study, TiO2/water single nanofluid and TiO2-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid with 1% particle weight ratio have been used to prepare hybrid nanofluid to use in plate type heat exchangers with three various number of plates including 8, 12 and 16. Design/methodology/approach The experiments have been conducted with the aim of examining the impact of plates number and used nanofluids on heat transfer enhancement. The performance tests have been done at 40°C, 45°C, 50°C and 55°C set outlet temperatures and in five various Reynolds numbers between 1,600 and 3,800. Also, numerical simulation has been applied to verify the heat and flow behavior inside the heat exchangers. Findings The results indicated that using both nanofluids raised the thermal performance of all tested exchangers which have a various number of plates. While the major outcomes of this study showed that TiO2-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid has priority when compared to TiO2/water single type nanofluid. Utilization of TiO2-Al2O3/water nanofluid led to obtaining an average improvement of 7.5%, 9.6% and 12.3% in heat transfer of heat exchangers with 8, 12 and 16 plates, respectively. Originality/value In the present work, experimental and numerical analyzes have been conducted to investigate the influence of using TiO2-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid in various plate heat exchangers. The attained findings showed successful utilization of TiO2-Al2O3/water nanofluid. Based on the obtained results increasing the number of plates in the heat exchanger caused to obtain more increment by using both types of nanofluids.

scholarly journals Water Quality Retrieval from PRISMA Hyperspectral Images: First Experience in a Turbid Lake and Comparison with Sentinel-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3984
Author(s):  
Milad Niroumand-Jadidi ◽  
Francesca Bovolo ◽  
Lorenzo Bruzzone
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Aquatic Science ◽  
Turbid Lake ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentinel 2

A new era of spaceborne hyperspectral imaging has just begun with the recent availability of data from PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa) launched by the Italian space agency (ASI). There has been pre-launch optimism that the wealth of spectral information offered by PRISMA can contribute to a variety of aquatic science and management applications. Here, we examine the potential of PRISMA level 2D images in retrieving standard water quality parameters, including total suspended matter (TSM), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in a turbid lake (Lake Trasimeno, Italy). We perform consistency analyses among the aquatic products (remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) and constituents) derived from PRISMA and those from Sentinel-2. The consistency analyses are expanded to synthesized Sentinel-2 data as well. By spectral downsampling of the PRISMA images, we better isolate the impact of spectral resolution in retrieving the constituents. The retrieval of constituents from both PRISMA and Sentinel-2 images is built upon inverting the radiative transfer model implemented in the Water Color Simulator (WASI) processor. The inversion involves a parameter (gdd) to compensate for atmospheric and sun-glint artifacts. A strong agreement is indicated for the cross-sensor comparison of Rrs products at different wavelengths (average R ≈ 0.87). However, the Rrs of PRISMA at shorter wavelengths (<500 nm) is slightly overestimated with respect to Sentinel-2. This is in line with the estimates of gdd through the inversion that suggests an underestimated atmospheric path radiance of PRISMA level 2D products compared to the atmospherically corrected Sentinel-2 data. The results indicate the high potential of PRISMA level 2D imagery in mapping water quality parameters in Lake Trasimeno. The PRISMA-based retrievals agree well with those of Sentinel-2, particularly for TSM.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Testing an improved index for analysing storm discharge–concentration hysteresis

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. M. Lloyd ◽  
J. E. Freer ◽  
P. J. Johnes ◽  
A. L. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Process Controls

Abstract. Analysis of hydrochemical behaviour during storm events can provide new insights into the process controls on nutrient transport in catchments. The examination of storm behaviours using hysteresis analysis has increased in recent years, partly due to the increased availability of high temporal resolution data sets for discharge and water quality parameters. A number of these analyses involve the use of an index to describe the characteristics of a hysteresis loop in order to compare storm behaviours both within and between catchments. This technical note reviews the methods for calculation of the hysteresis index (HI) and explores a new more effective methodology. Each method is systematically tested and the impact of the chosen calculation on the results is examined. Recommendations are made regarding the most effective method of calculating a HI which can be used for comparing data between storms and between different water quality parameters and catchments.

scholarly journals Algal control and enhanced removal in drinking waters in Cairo, Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1060-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida M. S. E. El-Dars ◽  
M. A. M. Abdel Rahman ◽  
Olfat M. A. Salem ◽  
El-Sayed A. Abdel-Aal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
The Impact

Algal blooms at the major water treatment plants in Egypt have been reported since 2006. While previous studies focused on algal types and their correlation with disinfection by-products, correlation between raw water quality and algal blooms were not explored. Therefore, a survey of Nile water quality parameters at a major water intake in the Greater Cairo Urban Region was conducted from December 2011 to November 2012. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the conventional chloride/alum treatment compared with combined Cl/permanganate pre-oxidation with Al and Fe coagulants during the outbreak period. Addition of permanganate (0.5 mg/L) significantly reduced the chlorine demand from 5.5 to 2.7 mg/L. The applied alum coagulant dose was slightly reduced while residual Al was reduced by 27% and the algal count by 50% in the final treated waters. Applying ferric chloride and ferric sulfate as coagulants to waters treated with the combined pre-oxidation procedure effectively reduced algal count by 60% and better the total organic carbon reduction and residual aluminum in the treated water. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify the relationship between water quality parameters and occurrence of algae and to explain the impact of coagulants on the final water quality.

Statistical assessment for spatio-temporal water quality in Angkor, Cambodia

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2167-2178
Author(s):  
Seo Jin Ki ◽  
Joo-Hyon Kang ◽  
Young Geun Lee ◽  
Yun Seok Lee ◽  
Suthipong Sthiannopkao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Comprehensive water quality monitoring was conducted to assess the water quality conditions and to determine the impact of urban infrastructure on ambient water quality in Angkor, Cambodia. During this study, surface water, groundwater, and sediment samples were collected for two distinctive seasons in 2006–2007 at 58 monitoring sites along and near the Siem Reap River, in Tole Sap Lake (TSL), and West Baray, the primary water resources in this region. To assess the seasonal and spatial variability of 27 water quality parameters, multivariate analysis of variance, hierarchical cluster analysis, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted using the obtained data. Differences and relationships between the surface water and groundwater were also investigated using t-test and correlation analysis, respectively. The results of these tests showed that the bacterial indicators need special attention as the urban infrastructure of the downtown area caused increased levels of these bacterial indicators in both surface water and groundwater. However, for most parameters, though surface water showed strong seasonal variations, groundwater presented relatively stable conditions between seasons (p&gt;0.05) with site-specific geochemical conditions. Sediment quality illustrated that pollution levels of 10 trace metals were the highest in TSL because of its unique characteristic (river with backward flow), but did not reflect any potential enrichment from urban development. Overall, the results reveal that while the urban infrastructure in this region has not significantly affected most of the water quality parameters, bacteria and coliphages are still a main concern due to their contributions in widespread waterborne diseases. Thus, careful mitigation plans for reducing each pollutant source are needed in the Angkor area.

Experimental study on microbial fouling characteristics of the plate heat exchanger

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Xu ◽  
Jingtao Wang ◽  
Yuting Jia ◽  
Xiaoya Geng ◽  
Zuodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Plate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Fouling Characteristics

scholarly journals Physico-chemical Characterization of Kaptai Lake and Foy’s Lake Water Quality Parameters in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Freshwater Resources ◽  
The Impact

In order to protect the quality of the environment and human health, freshwater assets are tremendously important in various ways. To ensure the freshwater resources in the Chittagong region of Bangladesh, we have studied the water quality parameters of Kaptai and Foy’s Lake. This research has done based on the essential surface water standard parameters such as pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, TS, EC, hardness, turbidity, salinity, total alkalinity, total acidity, SO42-, PO43-, NO3--N, NO2-, CO2, and most of the heavy and toxic metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn) of two lakes namely Foy’s (Chittagong) and Kaptai (Rangamati) Lakes in Chittagong , Bangladesh. The statistical approaches to sampling were utilized for collecting samples. The samples were assembled from ten different locations of each lake. Samples were conserved using a satisfactory preservation procedure. Water samples from the surface-water assets were collected from various locations, and tide conditions and at various seasons for continual monitoring during the hydrological years 2014-2015. The results showed that Kaptai Lake and Foy’s Lake all physicochemical parameters are within the permissible limit of WHO guidelines. The results also supplied data to view, and quantify the enemy of the impact of climate alter on freshwater resources of this region. The outcomes further showed data for water quality of surface-water resources of greater Chittagong zone to match national and international quality for drinking, agricultural, manufacture and livestock requirements. A strategic water quality management plan has been proposed.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Land Use on Water Quality across Multiple Spatial Scales in U-tapao River Basin, Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gyawali ◽  
K. Techato ◽  
S. Monprapusson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the linkages between land uses and water quality in U-tapao river basin, Thailand, in order to examine the impact of land use changes on full -basin, sub-watershed and buffer zone scales (1000m, 500m and 200m) on river water quality through Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analyses. Correlation and regression analysis were applied for ten water quality parameters. In scale analysis, in the most cases, the sub-watershed scale showed the clear relationship between land use water quality rather than full-basin and buffer zone scales. This indicates that the level of relationship between land use and water quality depends upon scale therefore the relationship between water quality parameters and land uses should be studied in multiple scales and it helps to develop effective river basin management in future.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 54-60

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