Study on the Recovery of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based Ionic Liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Fasihah Idaham ◽  
Mohamad Azmi Bustam Khalil ◽  
Chong Fai Kait
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Desulfurization Process ◽  
The Common

Nowadays, ionic liquids have been widely used in desulfurization process. However, the synthesis costs, performance efficiencies and problems related to waste waters contaminated with ionic liquids are the major issues that need to be considered. Thus, recovery method is one of the alternatives to overcome the current issues. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids with three different anions: dicyanamide (N(CN)2), thiocyanate (SCN) and methylsulfate (CH3SO4) were chosen for the study because they are the common ionic liquids used in desulfurization. The recovery process used is water washing which is the cheapest and easiest recovery method. Even though the contaminants in the spent ionic liquids can easily be removed, we found that the recovered ionic liquids contained higher percentage of water as compared to the pure and spent ionic liquids. Thus, the aim of this current work is to study on the feasibility of the spent ionic liquids to be recovered and their performance on desulfurization after being recovered.

Recovery of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
Nurul Fasihah Idaham ◽  
Bustam-Khalil Mohamad Azmi ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Zakaria Man
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Water Washing

Ionic liquids have been recognized as an alternative solvent applicable in synthesis, separation, catalysis and electrochemistry. However, the synthesis costs, performance efficiencies and problems related to waste waters contaminated with ionic liquids are the major issues that need to be considered. Thus, recovery method is one of the alternatives to overcome the current issues. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids were chosen for the study. The recovery process was conducted in two steps; water-washing and recovery using solvent. All the selected ionic liquids were extracted with water and BMIM CH3SO4was 100% recovered. However the ionic liquids contained high percentage of water which may change the properties of the ionic liquids. This current work has studied not only on the performance of recovery, but also on the properties and the behaviour of the ionic liquids to be further reused in a particular application.

scholarly journals Oxidative Extractive Desulfurization System for Fuel Oil Using Acidic Eutectic-Based Ionic Liquid

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Sarrthesvaarni Rajasuriyan ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid ◽  
Mohd Faridzuan Majid ◽  
Raihan Mahirah Ramli ◽  
Khairulazhar Jumbri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Desulfurization Process

The biggest challenge faced in oil refineries is the removal of sulfur compounds in fuel oil. The sulfur compounds which are found in fuel oil such as gasoline and diesel, react with oxygen in the atmosphere to produce sulfur oxide (SOx) gases when combusted. These sulfur compounds produced from the reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere may result in various health problems and environmental effects. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the conventional process used to remove sulfur compounds from fuel oil. However, the high operating conditions required for this process and its inefficiency in removing the organosulfur compounds turn to be the major drawbacks of this system. Researchers have also studied several alternatives to remove sulfur from fuel oil. The use of ionic liquids (ILs) has also drawn the interest of researchers to incorporate them in the desulfurization process. The environmental effects resulting from the use of these ILs can be eliminated using eutectic-based ionic liquids (EILs), which are known as greener solvents. In this research, a combination of extractive desulfurization (EDS) and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) using a photocatalyst and EIL was studied. The photocatalyst used is a pre-reported catalyst, Cu-Fe/TiO2 and the EIL were synthesized by mixing choline chloride (ChCl) with organic acids. The acids used for the EILs were propionic acid (PA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA). The EILs synthesized were characterized using thermogravimetry analyser (TGA) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to determine the physical properties of the EILs. Based on the TGA analysis, ChCl (1): PA (3) obtained the highest thermal stability whereas, as for the DSC analysis, all synthesized EILs have a lower melting point than its pure component. Further evaluation on the best EIL for the desulfurization process was carried out in a photo-reactor under UV light in the presence of Cu-Fe/TiO2 photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Once the oxidation and extraction process were completed, the oil phase of the mixture was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the sulfur removal efficiency. In terms of the desulfurization efficiency, the EIL of ChCl (1): TSA (2) showed a removal efficiency of about 99.07%.

Peat as Sorbent for Cu2+ and Cr3+ Ions

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Robalds ◽  
M. Klavins ◽  
A. Zicmanis
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Natural Sorbent ◽  
High Sorption Capacity ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insoluble Compounds

Peat as Sorbent for Cu2+ and Cr3+ Ions Heavy metals as trace elements can often be found in industrial waste waters, and their discharge to the environment is a significant threat due to their acute toxicity to the aquatic and terrestrial life. The common methods used for removal of toxic metals and trace elements from the municipal and industrial waste waters are based on their adsorption onto insoluble compounds - sorbents. Synthetic sorbents usually are quite expensive; therefore, as a prospective approach to the metal removal, the use of a natural sorbent - peat - was tested. Peat as sorbent was proved to have a relatively high sorption capacity in respect to the studied metal ions, it can be used batchwise and in a dynamic regime and is a relatively robust and reliable sorbent regarding pH, the ionic strength, and the amounts of sorbed metal.

scholarly journals Parameter Research of UAV Vertical Rope-type Recovery System

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Chengjing Ma ◽  
Xing'an Liu ◽  
Caiwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Recovery Performance ◽  
Stiffness And Damping Coefficient ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Type Recovery

Vertical rope-type recovery system is a new accurate recovery method for small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). This paper models the recovery system and finishes the simulation of recovery process. The recovery stand model of the recovery system is built by analyzing the physical essence, and the aircraft model is based on dynamics and kinematics equations as well as the mechanical characteristics of arresting rope. Finally the simulation analysis of the recovery process is completed. On the basis of the modeling simulation, the system parameters’ effect on recovery performance such as maximum resistance force, maximum overload and maximum radius has been discussed by varying each key parameter. Eventually, the pattern of how initial conditions when hitting the rope as well as the arresting rope’s stiffness and damping coefficient influence recovery performance has been researched, and the result could provide theoretical reference for the design of UAV using vertical rope-type recovery and the system in the future.

Thermodynamic Possibilities and Limits for Producer Gas Desulfurization and HCL Related Interferences for Zn, Mn, Ce and La Based Sorbents of Sulfur Compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 656-657 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Svoboda ◽  
Miloslav Hartman ◽  
Michael Pohořelý ◽  
Michal Šyc ◽  
Petra Kameníková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Halides ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Solid Sorbents ◽  
Desulfurization Process ◽  
The Common

The study is concentrated on thermodynamic analyses of gas desulfurization process (deep removal of H2S, COS, thiophene) by selected solid sorbents (ZnO, MnO, CexOy and La2O3) and on interferences caused by presence of hydrogen halides in a temperature range 500-1100 K. The results show that theoretically Ce2O3 and La2O3 are the best sorbents for sulfur compounds at temperatures over approx. 700 K. The CexOy, La2O3 and MnO based sorbents can suffer from significant interferences caused by higher concentrations of HCl and HF in gas phase. The thermodynamic equilibria suggest that removal of HCl (HF) by soda based sorbents at temperatures 650 – 850 K is practically without interferences from sulfur compounds. The common alkali carbonates are less suitable than the calcium based (Ca (OH)2, CaCO3) sorbents for deep removal of HF.

A simple recovery process for biodegradable plastics accumulated in cyanobacteria treated with ionic liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1647-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daigo Kobayashi ◽  
Kyoko Fujita ◽  
Nobuhumi Nakamura ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics

The religious adequacy of free-will theism

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
DAVID M. CIOCCHI
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Principal Practices ◽  
The Common ◽  
Will Theory ◽  
Petitionary Prayer ◽  
Libertarian Free Will

In this paper I question the claim that the increasingly popular position known as ‘free-will theism’ or ‘the open view of God’ supports a rich religious life. To do this I advance a notion of ‘religious adequacy’, and then argue that free-will theism fails to be religiously adequate with respect to one of the principal practices of the religious life – petitionary prayer. Drawing on current work in libertarian free-will theory, I consider what are likely the only two lines of defence free-will theists might use in response to my argument. I argue that these defences either fail or have features that make them unacceptable to free-will theists. I then suggest that this failure with petitionary prayer is an instance of a larger problem for free-will theism, that the position's distinctive views often differ more dramatically from the common beliefs and practices of most believers than is usually recognized or acknowledged. I conclude that free-will theism can support a rich religious life only for those who make the requisite changes in belief and practice, including changing their expectations about petitionary prayer.

Surface tensions of binary mixtures of ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the common anion

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Oliveira ◽  
M. Domínguez-Pérez ◽  
O. Cabeza ◽  
J.A. Lopes-da-Silva ◽  
M.G. Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Anion

Research on the Process and Characteristics of Seawater Desulfurization for 350MW Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2353-2356
Author(s):  
Jiang Cong ◽  
Yu Hui
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Engineering ◽  
Electric Power Engineering ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
Desulfurization Process ◽  
The Common

Compared with the common wet process desulfurization in power engineering, this paper emphasis on seawater desulfurization process and characteristics ,and provide the reference for seawater desulfurization in foreign electric power engineering in the future.

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