Removal of Amines from Wastewater Using Membrane Separation Processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
Ma Umaira Suhaddha Zainal Abidin ◽  
Hilmi Mukhtar ◽  
Maizatul Shima Shaharun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity

Natural gas is one of the energy sources in the world. It consists of predominantly methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4), propane (C3H8) butane (C4H10), pentane (C5H12) and some impurities particularly hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) that need to be treated prior utilized. Amine solution such as diisopropanolamine (DIPA) is used to remove the CO2 and H2S in natural gas processing. However a small amount of amines losses in some unit operations causing amines discharged into the effluent wastewater. The objective of this study are to investigate the flux of water and permeate, and rejection of DIPA solution across reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membrane which known as AFC99, AFC40 and CA202 respectively. This paper studies the effect of cross-flow velocity on permeate flux and the effect of feed concentration on observed rejection of DIPA solution across AFC99, AFC40 and CA202 over the operating pressure. The results showed a significant role of cross-flow velocity on membrane performance from aspect flux obtained and phenomenon of concentration polarization that would increase the transport resistance of permeate flow. The highest flux can be achieved by high cross-flow velocity. While for rejection study, rejection of all membranes increase with increase of pressure yet decrease with concentration.

scholarly journals Operating Conditions Optimization via the Taguchi Method to Remove Colloidal Substances from Recycled Paper and Cardboard Production Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayko Rannany S. Sousa ◽  
Jaime Lora-García ◽  
María-Fernanda López-Pérez ◽  
Asunción Santafé-Moros ◽  
José M. Gozálvez-Zafrilla
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Utility Concept ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity ◽  
Response Variables

Optimization of the ultrafiltration (UF) process to remove colloidal substances from a paper mill’s treated effluent was investigated in this study. The effects of four operating parameters in a UF system (transmembrane pressure (TMP), cross-flow velocity (CFV), temperature and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO)) on the average permeate flux (Jv), organic matter chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejection rate and the cumulative flux decline (SFD), was investigated by robust experimental design using the Taguchi method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for an L9 orthogonal array were used to determine the significance of the individual factors, that is to say, to determine which factor has more and which less influence over the UF response variables. Analysis of the percentage contribution (P%) indicated that the TMP and MWCO have the greatest contribution to the average permeate flux and SFD. In the case of the COD rejection rate, the results showed that MWCO has the highest contribution followed by CFV. The Taguchi method and the utility concept were employed to optimize the multiple response variables. The optimal conditions were found to be 2.0 bar of transmembrane pressure, 1.041 m/s of the cross-flow velocity, 15 °C of the temperature, and 100 kDa MWCO. The validation experiments under the optimal conditions achieved Jv, COD rejection rate and SFD results of 81.15 L·m−2·h−1, 43.90% and 6.01, respectively. Additionally, SST and turbidity decreased by about 99% and 99.5%, respectively, and reduction in particle size from around 458–1281 nm to 12.71–24.36 nm was achieved. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy images under optimal conditions showed that membrane fouling takes place at the highest rate in the first 30 min of UF. The results demonstrate the validity of the approach of using the Taguchi method and utility concept to obtain the optimal membrane conditions for the wastewater treatment using a reduced number of experiments.

scholarly journals Fouling Behaviour During Cross Flow Ultrafiltration of Cassava Starch Hydrolysate Using Polyacrylonitrile Membrane

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Widiasa ◽  
I. G. Wenten
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Glucose Syrup ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity ◽  
Starch Hydrolysate

Ultrafiltration (UF) is considered as a promising alternative to the traditional clarification techniques in the sugar industries. In this work, a hollow fiber UF membrane (polyacrylonitrile, MWCO 100 kDa) was used for clarification of cassava starch hydrolysate. The influence of various operating parameters, such as transmembrane pressure (TMP), cross flow velocity and pH hydrolysate on the membrane fouling was assessed. The results showed that TMP higher than 1.0 bar was not effective to improve flux. Increasing cross flow velocity was virtually effective to reduce permeate flux decline. The steady state flux, Jssincreased significantly when pH of the feed was adjusted to alkaline condition; however, this resulted in dark brown clarified glucose syrup. Operating at natural pH of 4.5, the membrane selectivity was close to 100%. Evaluation of hydraulic resistance indicated that concentration polarization and pore blocking were beyond approximately 50 and 40% of the total filtration resistance, respectively. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy showed that extensive fouling layer was deposited on the membrane surface. Finally, the developed cleaning procedure could restore membrane performance approximately 45% of its initial performance.

Parametric Study of Ultrafiltration

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zhou ◽  
A. G. Agwu Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cleaning Methods

The performance of cross flow hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with molecular weight cut off (MWCO) 100 kDaltons was studied in order to effectively remove suspended solids in wastewater. Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of the several factors such as cross flow velocity, transmembrane pressure (TMP), water temperature, and concentration of suspended solids on the membrane performance. Several cleaning methods were applied to remove the fouling. The experimental results showed that increasing TMP, temperature and cross flow velocity all resulted in increasing permeate flux. It is observed that high TMP aggravated the fouling while high cross flow velocity alleviated the fouling. High concentrations of suspended solids led to the reduction of permeate flux. It is also found that both combination of chemical, back- and forward-washing as well as soaking cleaning methods effectively removed fouling and achieved high flux recovery. The suspended solids were effectively removed by our UF system, and the water quality is significantly improved after ultrafiltration.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF FOULING MECHANISM IN ULTRAFILTRATION OF ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danu Ariono ◽  
Anita Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Putu Teta Prihartini Aryanti ◽  
Ahmad Nurul Hakim ◽  
I Gede Wenten
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Electroplating Wastewater ◽  
Fouling Mechanism ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity

Wastewater from electroplating industries is usually contaminated with high concentration of hazardous materials, such as nickel, copper, and chromium. Therefore, the electroplating wastewater is one of the environmental problems that require a novel solution to reduce risks for human and environment. Ultrafiltration is a promising technology to overcome this problem due to its ability to reject all suspended solids. However, membrane fouling still becomes a major obstacle in ultrafiltration processes. Fouling reduces the permeate flux and increases membrane operational costs due to membrane cleaning. In this work, fouling mechanism that occurred in polyacrylonitrile based ultrafiltration for electroplating wastewater treatment was investigated. The effects of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and cross flow velocity on fouling mechanism were also studied. The results showed that in the first 20 minutes, intermediate blocking was occurred on the membrane surface, while cake formation was happened for the rest of filtration time. These results were applied for all TMP and cross flow velocity.

Cross-flow microfiltration with high frequency reverse flow

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Héran ◽  
S. Elmaleh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity ◽  
Bentonite Suspension

High frequency reverse filtration was evaluated while microfiltering a bentonite suspension, biologically treated wastewater and an activated sludge suspension through a 0.2 μm tubular ceramic membrane. Better results were obtained with a conventional internal layer filtration element than with an external skin membrane. However the technique was efficient in enhancing the permeate flux solely with the bentonite suspension. In the other cases, the flux was the same as in conventional cross-flow operation. Such a failure cannot be exclusively attributed to chemical interactions with the membrane since the permeate flux increased linearly with cross-flow velocity for all suspensions in conventional operation. Much research is then required to establish the technique applicability.

Boron removal from seawater using high rejection SWRO membranes — impact of pH, feed concentration, pressure, and cross-flow velocity

Desalination ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 227 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koseoglu ◽  
N. Kabay ◽  
M. Yüksel ◽  
S. Sarp ◽  
Ö. Arar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Boron Removal ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity ◽  
High Rejection

Pilot scale nanofiltration membrane separation for waste management in textile industry

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Koyuncu ◽  
E. Kural ◽  
D. Topacik
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Mass Transport Model

This paper presents the pilot scale membrane separation studies on dyehouse effluents of textile industry. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes which have 2 m2 of surface area were evaluated for membrane fouling on permeate flux and their suitability in separating COD, color and conductivity in relation to operating pressure and feed concentration from textile industry dyehouse effluents. Successive batch runs demonstrated that any serious membrane fouling was not experienced for NF membrane tested in treating this type of wastewater. The permeate flux was found to increase significantly with operating pressure. Flux decreased with increasing recovery rate. The overall removal efficiencies of COD, color and conductivity were found as greater than 97%. COD was lower than 10 mg/l at 12 bar pressures. Permeate COD was also increased with increasing recovery and COD was 30 mg/l with recovery of 80%. Almost complete color removal was achieved with nanofiltration membrane. Color value was also decreased from 500 Pt-Co to 10 Pt-Co unit. This significant reduction in color and COD makes possible the recycle of the permeate in the dyehouse. Permeate conductivity was decreasing with increasing pressure and retention of conductivity increases with increasing pressures. This phenomenon is expected from the analysis of conductivity mass transport model. Economical analysis have been done and the total estimated cost will be 0.81 $/m3 based on 1000 m3/day of and this value is very economical for Istanbul City due to increasing industrial water supply tariffs.

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