Experimental Measurements of the Human Knee Flexion Angle during Squat Exercises

In this paper the knee joint biomechanics during squat exercises is studied. Using an acquisition system based on electro-goniometers, measurements of flexion-extension knee angle during squat movement on a sample group of healthy subjects are performed. For each subject the curves of knee squat angle are normalized and the mean squat cycle of each subject and the final medium cycle are determined. The phase plane portraits are used to characterize the kinematics of the biomechanical system. Using ADAMS software, the forces components and the resultant connection force during squat cycle in the human knee joint are determined.

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A New Load Application System for In Vitro Study of Ligamentous Injuries to the Human Knee Joint

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2794195 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 373-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

J. M. Bach ◽

M. L. Hull

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Degree Of Freedom ◽

Load Application ◽

Accuracy Evaluation ◽

Application System ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

External Loads

This paper describes the design and accuracy evaluation of a new six degree of freedom load application system for in vitro testing of the human knee joint. External loads of both polarity in all six degrees of freedom can be applied either individually or in any combination while the knee is permitted to move unconstrained in response to applied loads. The flexion/extension degree of freedom permits the full physiological range of motion. In addition to external loads, forces of the three major muscle groups (quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius) crossing the joint can be developed. Full automation and rapid convergence of loads to programmed values are achieved through a computer which feeds command signals to servo controller/electro-pneumatic servo valves. The servo valves regulate pressure to pneumatic actuators which develop the various loads. Experiments undertaken to quantify the accuracy of both load and displacement measurements reveal that errors particularly in load measurement are effectively controlled through the apparatus design.

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A Novel Robotic System for Joint Biomechanical Tests: Application to the Human Knee Joint

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1644567 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 54-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Hiromichi Fujie ◽

Takeshi Sekito ◽

Akiyuki Orita

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Position Control ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Test System ◽

Robotic System ◽

Loading Test ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Force Moment ◽

Joint Biomechanics

The objectives of the work reported in this article were to develop a novel 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic system for knee joint biomechanics, to complete a hybrid force-position control scheme, to evaluate the system performance, and to demonstrate a combined loading test. The manipulator of the system utilizes two mechanisms; the upper mechanism has two translational axes and three rotational axes while the lower mechanism has only a single translational axis. All axes were driven with AC servo-motors. This unique configuration results in a simple kinematic description of manipulator motion. Jacobian transformation was used to calculate both the displacement and force/moment, which allowed for a hybrid control of the displacement of, and force/moment applied to, the human knee joint. The control and data acquisition were performed on a personal computer in the C-language programming environment with a multi-tasking operating system. Preliminary tests revealed that the clamp-to-clamp compliance of the system was smaller in the vertical (Z) and longitudinal (Y) directions (0.001 mm/N) than in lateral (X) direction (0.003 mm/N). The displacement error under the application of 500 N of load was smallest in the vertical direction (0.001±0.003 mm (mean±SD), and largest in the lateral direction (0.084±0.027 mm). Using this test system, it was possible to simulate multiple loading conditions in a human knee joint in which a cyclic anterior force was applied together with a coupled, joint compressive force, while allowing natural knee motion. The developed system seems to be a useful tool for studies of knee joint biomechanics.

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A Review of Use FEM Techniques in Modeling of Human Knee Joint

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.28.14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 14-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nitin Kumar Sahu ◽

Ajay Kumar Kaviti

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Knee Replacement ◽

Knee Prosthesis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fem Analysis ◽

Human Knee ◽

Replacement Surgery ◽

Analysis Process ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Joint Biomechanics

The human knee joint is very critical and complex joint of human body which is responsible for our optimal daily functions. It consists of various bones – femur, tibia, patella, fibula, different ligaments, cartilages, menisci and muscles. FEM is a very useful tool for the analysis of knee joint and various knee replacement products. In the knee replacement surgery a proper understanding of knee joint biomechanics is essential. Because of certain limitations of experimental studies, FEM analysis process is playing a significance role for prominent understanding of knee biomechanics and produced an effective and impressive tool for total knee replacement (TKR/TKA) or partial knee replacement (PKR/PKA). The aim of this paper is to give a review on FEM analysis of human knee joint and knee prosthesis devices and how much adequate this method for these type of analysis.

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3-D Knee Biomechanics

Volume 2: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2008-67633 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Dumitru I. Caruntu

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Joint Modeling ◽

Contact Forces ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Joint Contact ◽

Joint Biomechanics ◽

Contact Models ◽

Exercise Design

This is a survey on 3-D dynamic and quasi-static human knee joint modeling. Anatomical surface representation, contact modeling, ligament structure, and solution algorithm are reviewed. Understanding knee joint biomechanics is important for total knee replacement and rehabilitation exercise design, ligament reconstruction, and cartilage damage. Knee models were proposed mostly in the last two decades. They aimed normal activities and rehabilitation exercises, and sought muscle, ligament, and joint contact forces. Consisting of two joints, tibio-femoral (TF) and patello-femoral (PF), the human knee 3-D models were PF, TF [1–3], and both TF and PF [4–7]. Models were static, quasi-static, and dynamic, including the entire, partial, or none of the ligament structure. Contact models of the knee were rigid or deformable. Both natural knees and replacement models were reported. Different groups of muscles were considered.

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Knee Joint Modeling

Volume 1: 21st Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/detc2007-35029 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dumitru I. Caruntu

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Dynamic Models ◽

Review Paper ◽

Joint Modeling ◽

Solution Algorithm ◽

Surface Representation ◽

Contact Modeling ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Joint Biomechanics

This is a review paper on human knee joint biomechanics modeling. Dynamic models and quasi-static models reported lately in the literature are included in this survey. Anatomical surface representation, contact modeling, ligament structure, and solution algorithm of these models are reviewed.

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