Single-Step Conversion of Cellobiose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) Catalyzed by Poly Ionic Liquid

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lei Song ◽  
Yong Shui Qu ◽  
Chong Pin Huang ◽  
Li Hai Ge ◽  
Ying Xia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Poly Ionic Liquid ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

The PIL which were prepared from imidazole and epichlorohydrin were used as catalysts for the conversion of cellobiose to 5-HMF. Effects of the catalyst anion, solvents, reaction temperature, and recycling time were investigated in detail. The optimum reaction conditions for conversion of cellobiose into 5-HMFcatalysed by [IMEP]BF4 were temperature 180 oC, cellobiose 0.5 g, and [IMEP]BF4 0.25 g in DMSO(30 mL). In this condition the yield of 5-HMF can reach 39.2% for 420min. The good positive correlation between the concentration of glucose and the formation rate of 5-HMF was given, and the conversion of glucose into 5-HMF is the key step of formation of 5-HMF from cellobiose. Moreover, [IMEP]BF4 has well cycle performance in the optimum reaction condition.

scholarly journals Production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats in waste water

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Thuy Thi Thanh Duong ◽  
Kien Trung Pham ◽  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Phuong Thi Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

This study was performed to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats in waste water of Park Hyatt Saigon hotel. The survey was performed to determine the optimum reaction condition for converting waste grease into biodiesel. The reaction was conducted at 60, 90 and 120 minutes; the catalyst dosage (NaOH) of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g; ratio of 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1 MeOH : grease. The reaction temperature was 600C. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be 90 minutes, catalyst dosage of 4 g, ratio of 5:1 MeOH : grease. The efficient conversion achieved 80% biodiesel and 20% crude glycerin.

Alkylation of Phenol with Cyclohexanol Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Yu ◽  
Jun Nan ◽  
Jing Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhou Gui
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Alkylation of phenol with cyclohexanol catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid has been investigated. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time, reactant ratio (mol ratio of phenol to cyclohexanol), the amount and the recycle of ionic liquid on catalytic activity were studied. The conversion of phenol and the selectivity of paracyclohexylphenol were 75.5% and 61.6%, respectively, under optimum reaction conditions. The ionic liquid was utilized repeatedly over three times without remarkable loss of catalytic activity．

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Cationic Type Asphalt Emulsifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4265-4268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Shun Shi ◽  
Jing Jing Chen ◽  
Mei Jie Sun ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Shu Jie Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Nonyl Phenol ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

A novel cationic type asphalt emulsifier of 2-triethylenetetramine methylene-4-nonylphenol was synthesized by the reaction of nonyl phenol, triethylenetetramine and formaldehyde. The optimum reaction condition was obtained. The yield reaches 49.21% at the optimum reaction condition of the feedstock mole ratio of formaldehyde to nonyl phenol 2.8, feedstock mole ratio of triethylenetetramine to nonyl phenol 1.0, reaction temperature 95°C, and reaction time 5 h. The structure of the emulsifier was identified by FTIR. The emulsifier exhibits satisfactory emulsification. The emulsifier belongs to the class of rapid-set asphalt emulsifiers.

Synthesis of Diamine Containing Chalcone Structure by Nitroammoniation and Aldol Condensation

2019 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Yan Kai Huang ◽  
Qi Lin Mei ◽  
Zhi Xiong Huang ◽  
Yan Qin ◽  
Di Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Anhydrous Ethanol ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ethanol Dosage

In this paper, the structure of the photosensitive diamines was designed and the method of synthesizing such diamines was investigated. The 1-(3-aminophenyl)-3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-propen-1-one analyzed by elemental analysis and infrared analysis was synthesized through two-step experiments with Aldol condensation and Nitroammoniation process. Through the experiment the optimum reaction conditions are raw material ratio of 1:1, anhydrous ethanol dosage of 60 ml, 10 % NaOH dosage of 10 ml and reaction temperature of 25°C for 4h. The yield was about 55.4 %.

Preparation and Properties of MgAl2O4-CaAl12O19 High Temperature Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 617-620
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Wang ◽  
Yan Gai Liu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Hao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Industrial Alumina

The utilization of lightweight refractories plays an important role in reducing the energy consumption of industrial furnaces. In this paper, MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 high temperature composite was synthesized via solid state reaction using magnesite, dolomite and industrial alumina as raw materials. The influences of raw materials and reaction temperature on phase compositions and microstructure of the composite were investigated by XRD and SEM，respectively. The parameters to prepare MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 high temperature composite were optimized. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions for synthesizing MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 composite is the CA6/MA weight ratio of 2:3, and the reaction temperature of 1500°C for 4h. The CaA112O19 crystals showed laminated or plate-like structure, and the MgAl2O4 showed spherical morphology. The reaction temperature had little effect on the phase compositions of MA-CA6 composite in this experiment. The content of Al2O3 in the raw material affected the phase composition of MA-CA6 composite.With the increase of the CaA112O19 amount, the bending strength of the composite decreased.

scholarly journals Two-Stage Conversion of High Free Fatty AcidJatropha curcasOil to Biodiesel Using Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid and KOH as Catalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Das ◽  
Ashim Jyoti Thakur ◽  
Dhanapati Deka
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Conversion ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Stage Process

Biodiesel was produced from high free fatty acid (FFA)Jatropha curcasoil (JCO) by two-stage process in which esterification was performed by Brønsted acidic ionic liquid 1-(1-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BSMIM]Cl) followed by KOH catalyzed transesterification. Maximum FFA conversion of 93.9% was achieved and it reduced from 8.15 wt% to 0.49 wt% under the optimum reaction conditions of methanol oil molar ratio 12 : 1 and 10 wt% of ionic liquid catalyst at 70°C in 6 h. The ionic liquid catalyst was reusable up to four times of consecutive runs under the optimum reaction conditions. At the second stage, the esterified JCO was transesterified by using 1.3 wt% KOH and methanol oil molar ratio of 6 : 1 in 20 min at 64°C. The yield of the final biodiesel was found to be 98.6% as analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Chemical composition of the final biodiesel was also determined by GC-MS analysis.

Analysis on Factors Affecting Biodiesel Production Rate Based on Probability Theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1030-1034
Author(s):  
Yi Wei ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Mu Zhang ◽  
Yin Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Biodiesel orthogonal experiments require large amount of experimental data collected and in order to save experimental time, referring to the correlation coefficients analysis in probability theory, the factors which affect the yield of biodiesel are analyzed. Under the same reaction temperature, the range order is as follows: the molar ration of alcohol to oil, the dosage of catalyst and reaction of time. At the same time, it provides theoretical guidance for obtaining optimum reaction conditions .

Catalytic Activity of SWNTs/Pd Catalyst in Suzuki Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 2404-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Ming Cao
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Suzuki Reaction ◽  
Pd Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

Pd catalyst is very active in Suzuki reaction. As a heterogeneous catalyst, SWNTs/Pd shows highly catalytic ability with Suzuki reaction. We will demonstrate the effect of catalyst’s amount, the reaction time and temperature on Suzuki reaction in this work. In comparison, a control experiment used commercial Pd/C as catalyst in Suzuki reaction has been done. An optimum reaction condition of about reacting 60 min at 50°C with 5% (mass%) catalyst is confirmed finally, and a better catalytic ability of SWNTs/Pd than commercial Pd/C is also observed.

scholarly journals A Task-Specific Ionic-Liquid-Mediated Solvent-Free Protocol for Direct Access to Dimethyl Acetal Protected Benzimidazole 2-Carboxaldehydes

SynOpen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Swapan Majumdar ◽  
Barnali Deb ◽  
Ankita Chakraborty ◽  
Jewel Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Dimethyl Acetal ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Task Specific Ionic Liquid

AbstractA robust and straightforward protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a diverse array of dimethyl acetal protected benz­imidazole-2-carboxaldehydes by reacting various 2-amino aniline derivatives with methyl 4,4-dimethoxy-3-oxobutanoate using the task-specific­ imidazolium ionic liquid (HBIm·TFA) as a promoter for N-C/C-N annulation processes. The present protocol offers several advantages over existing protocols, such as single-step process, short reaction times, very mild reaction conditions, high yields, ease of purification, recovery and reusability of the catalyst, and scale-up of the reaction.

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