Simulating the Spread of Smoke in Hostel Fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Ming En Wu ◽  
Hsin Chuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Heat ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Movie Theaters ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
The Past ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Fire Accident

Because public areas in Taiwan such as hostels, movie theaters, supermarkets, stadiums, and large entertainment venues are typically packed with people, when fires occur, the smoke and high heat often lead to human casualties. Therefore, the studies on fire dynamic characteristics are essential. In this paper, we studied a major fire accident occurred in one of Taipei’s major hostels, during which the lodgers awoke and attempted escape. This accident led to eight deaths; the victims either died from the burns they sustained or choked to death in their bedrooms or in the staircase. The fire accident resulted in the greatest amount of human casualties in Taipei over the past two decades. The fire dynamics simulator developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used in this study to analyze the fire dynamic field behavior. The data showed that the fire started in a room on the second floor and that the smoke spread to the entire building within approximately 3 min. Our simulation produced similar results. It is hoped that the findings can be used to improve the safety features and enhance the future fire protection designs of similar buildings so that the heavy human casualties and property losses would be greatly reduced.

scholarly journals Computational modeling of fire safety in metro-stations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip McKeen
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

This research investigates and attempts to quantify the hazards associated with fire in metrostations. The use of numerical simulations for the analysis of fire safety within metro-stations allows for the prediction and analysis of hazards within the built environment. Such approaches form the growing basis of performance based design (PBD), which can optimize design solutions. The simulations utilize Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and Pathfinder, an evacuation modeling software. The safety of underground metro-stations is analyzed through the simulation of smoke spread and egress modelling. CFD models of TTC’s Union Station and TransLink’s Yaletown Station are developed to allow for simulations of smoke spread scenarios. These models are evaluated in regards to the preservation of tenability and influence on the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET). The egress of metro-stations is modelled and analyzed to determine the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET).

Firefighting Tactics during a Fire Event at a Textile Factory

2014 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Chih Chung Lai ◽  
Ming En Wu ◽  
Chia Chun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Textile Factory

Many factories contain chemical substances, raw materials, and finished and semi-finished products; thus, a factory fire can cause substantial property losses and endanger lives. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used in this study to simulate a fire event at a textile factory in Taiwan. The circumstances of a 2010 fire event in Zhubei City were recreated using data from the fire department and print media, exploring changes in temperature, smoke, and the concentrations of harmful gases (i.e., carbon monoxide; CO). Criteria were established for judging the firefighting techniques used during the fire event. In other words, simulated results of the FDS were used to analyze and assess the planning and use of firefighting tactics to enhance the efficiency of firefighting and rescue techniques, decrease casualties and property losses, and increase the reference value of this study in its application to fighting future factory fires.

scholarly journals Computational modeling of fire safety in metro-stations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip McKeen
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

This research investigates and attempts to quantify the hazards associated with fire in metrostations. The use of numerical simulations for the analysis of fire safety within metro-stations allows for the prediction and analysis of hazards within the built environment. Such approaches form the growing basis of performance based design (PBD), which can optimize design solutions. The simulations utilize Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and Pathfinder, an evacuation modeling software. The safety of underground metro-stations is analyzed through the simulation of smoke spread and egress modelling. CFD models of TTC’s Union Station and TransLink’s Yaletown Station are developed to allow for simulations of smoke spread scenarios. These models are evaluated in regards to the preservation of tenability and influence on the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET). The egress of metro-stations is modelled and analyzed to determine the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET).

Full-Scale Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Fire in a High-Rise Residential Building

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 2251-2256
Author(s):  
Jun Tao Yang ◽  
Yun Yang ◽  
Jing Liang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Spread

Fires in high-rise residential building were studied experimentally by using an actual building with similar inner structure. The temperatures in the building interior corridors, elevators and staircases exit were measured. At the same time the fires in this construction were simulated by using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software, the variance trends of the temperatures in different positions within high-rise residential building were studied and compared with the experiment results, and the results of this simulation are proved to be valid. The results can be used to support the study of effectively controlling of the smoke spread and evacuation in high-rise residential building.

Numerical Modeling of Fire Dynamic Behavior for a Five-Story Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Te Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Particles ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Initial Location ◽  
Story Building ◽  
Fire Accident

This study is based on a real fire accident that occurred in Keelung City, Taiwan. The fire site was situated in an old five-story building that was renovated for recreational purposes. When the fire broke out, a stack effect formed instantly because the fire source was gasoline, the initial location of the fire was the stairway, and the fire burned rapidly with a cut-off downward evacuation exit. Customers were unfamiliar with the escape routes and fire-extinguishing equipment, leading to the loss of five lives. This study applies the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to develop a computer numerical model and simulate the actual conditions of the fire accident. The major fire dynamic behavior parameters are computed to evaluate the transport of flames, smoke particles, and toxic gases within the enclosed building. Recommendations for fire safety in this type of architectural structure are provided to reduce the reoccurrence of similar disasters.

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