Numerical Modeling of Fire Dynamic Behavior for a Five-Story Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Te Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Particles ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Initial Location ◽  
Story Building ◽  
Fire Accident

This study is based on a real fire accident that occurred in Keelung City, Taiwan. The fire site was situated in an old five-story building that was renovated for recreational purposes. When the fire broke out, a stack effect formed instantly because the fire source was gasoline, the initial location of the fire was the stairway, and the fire burned rapidly with a cut-off downward evacuation exit. Customers were unfamiliar with the escape routes and fire-extinguishing equipment, leading to the loss of five lives. This study applies the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to develop a computer numerical model and simulate the actual conditions of the fire accident. The major fire dynamic behavior parameters are computed to evaluate the transport of flames, smoke particles, and toxic gases within the enclosed building. Recommendations for fire safety in this type of architectural structure are provided to reduce the reoccurrence of similar disasters.

scholarly journals A Study on Analyzing the Operation Time of the Sprinkler Head near the Beam with Fire Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Daehyun Choi ◽  
Jaemoon Lee ◽  
Sehong Min
Keyword(s):  
Operation Time ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Simulated Case ◽  
Sprinkler Head ◽  
Fire Information ◽  
Current Standards ◽  
Fire Outbreak

In this study, the dangers surrounding vehicular fires were identified by means of statistical analysis of the national fire information system. The analysis was conducted on the operation time of the sprinkler fire extinguisher, which plays the most essential role during the initial fire extinguishing attempt, in case of a fire outbreak. A simulation was created using the application guidelines pertaining to a sprinkler head located close to a beam as provided in NFSC 103. The operation time of the sprinkler head was analyzed for the case of a parking lot fire where a fan was operated. Fire Dynamics Simulator was used as the simulation program. If the revised guidelines were applied to thesimulation, the sprinkler head located directly above the fire source was activated approximately 1 minin advance compared to the sprinkler head operating under current standards. Therefore, it was found that the revised guidelines were suitable and aided in early fire extinguishing attempts. In the case where a fan was operated along with the detector, during the outbreak of a fire, it was found that the operation of the sprinkler head located directly above the fire was delayed by two or more minutes compared to the simulated case where no fan was operated.

Wooden Buildings by the Fire Damaged of Toxic Gases on Personnel Evacuation Influences

2013 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Shih Cheng Wang ◽  
Liang Yi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fire Laboratory

A wooden building includes historic buildings, villas, wayside pavilion, and so on. These buildings have one thing in common which is they are resistance fire capacity poor. The ignition point of wood is lower, and when encountering a fire the main structure of the building will be seriously damage. In most cases, these building need to be reconstruction. Also, in the initial stage of burning, smoke and toxic gases tend to hinder people from evacuating likely. Therefore, this paper is to explore monumental buildings of the “Grass Mountain Chateau" in Taiwan, which was burnt down in 2007. For a better understanding of significant parameters such as smoke and toxic gases after burning, and a further simulation of the damage degree of people evacuation, utilize fire simulation software the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) of NIST ( U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Association Fire Laboratory) to analyze the wooden building of the case on the fire. Hopefully, to provide advices on fire prevention of wooden buildings and people evacuation by supplying quantitative data of the simulation and analysis, and to decrease the loss of buildings to the minimum and prevent casualties.

Computer Simulation and Analysis on Fire Verification and Smoke Distribution of the Entertainment Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 716-719
Author(s):  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Cherng Shing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Fire Accident

Along with the economic growth, more crowded entertainment places are growing dramatically and the safety concerns are no longer contained as usual. The huge property damage and heavy casualties of fire caused by the owner ignorance of safety management or the fall short of the fire resistance specifications. These factors caused serious casualties after fire occurred. This research utilizes Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software to analyze and simulate the fire accident that occurred in a public entertainment places on Po-Li bar, KeeLung City, Taiwan. The computer simulation calculates the fire spread and smoke distribution at the fire scene, and is in reasonable agreement with the post report provided by the fire department and photos. Simulation results of the various important parameters - such as temperature, CO concentration and smoke layer height during the fire time domain are obtained. This study will provide the improvement of fire parameters and suggestions to avoid future unfortunate events.

Simulating the Spread of Smoke in Hostel Fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Ming En Wu ◽  
Hsin Chuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Heat ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Movie Theaters ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
The Past ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Fire Accident

Because public areas in Taiwan such as hostels, movie theaters, supermarkets, stadiums, and large entertainment venues are typically packed with people, when fires occur, the smoke and high heat often lead to human casualties. Therefore, the studies on fire dynamic characteristics are essential. In this paper, we studied a major fire accident occurred in one of Taipei’s major hostels, during which the lodgers awoke and attempted escape. This accident led to eight deaths; the victims either died from the burns they sustained or choked to death in their bedrooms or in the staircase. The fire accident resulted in the greatest amount of human casualties in Taipei over the past two decades. The fire dynamics simulator developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used in this study to analyze the fire dynamic field behavior. The data showed that the fire started in a room on the second floor and that the smoke spread to the entire building within approximately 3 min. Our simulation produced similar results. It is hoped that the findings can be used to improve the safety features and enhance the future fire protection designs of similar buildings so that the heavy human casualties and property losses would be greatly reduced.

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