Comparative Analysis of Existing Life Cycle Inventories of Cement in China

Life cycle inventory (LCI) involves creating an inventory of flows from and to nature for a product system, which is a prerequisite of life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper conducts a comparative analysis of available inventories of cement produced in China and points out the reliability of these inventory results. 1 ton cement was chosen to be the functional unit, and the system boundary was defined from cradle to gate. In the process of cement production, many pollutants will be emitted, so only the four main emissions (CO2, NOX, SO2 and dust) are considered. The analysis showed that the reliability of cement inventories is affected by inaccurate or non-representative data, and all results are difficult to compare due to the varying system boundaries.

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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Autoclaved Concrete Blocks and Fired Blocks in China

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.1018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 913 ◽

pp. 1018-1026

Author(s):

Yan Qiong Sun ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Su Ping Cui

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Data Quality ◽

Human Health ◽

Functional Unit ◽

Cement Production ◽

Terrestrial Ecotoxicity ◽

Concrete Blocks

In this paper, a variety of blocks were grouped into the autoclaved blocks and fired blocks as far as the productive technology is concerned. In order to compare the life cycle impacts of the two kinds of the blocks, a life cycle assessment of two products on the functional unit 1m3 was carried out through the exploitation of mineral stage, transportation stage and the production of the blocks stage on the considering of the resource and energy consumption and the pollutant discharges. The results demonstrated that the fired blocks appeared to have less impact than autoclaved concrete blocks on human health, marine ecotoxicity toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity toxicity nearly 30%. The raw coal led to the serious impacts on the fossil depletion through the cement production stage of the autoclaved concrete blocks accounting for 45.86% and the gangue exploitation stage of the fired blocks accounting for 42.5%. Assessment of the data quality that the data was of pretty high or within the permission. The sensitivity analysis and contribution analysis assessment showed that the conclusion were robust.

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Life Cycle Assessment of Heaven Mushroom Product

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202122802003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 228 ◽

pp. 02003

Author(s):

Phatcharapron Sukkanta ◽

Krittaphas Mongkolkoldhumrongkul

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Functional Unit ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Cradle To Gate ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change affects all regions around the world, so efforts to minimize the environmental impacts of climate change have high importance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts on the production of heaven mushroom product at the Ban Tai Khod community in Rayong, Thailand. In this study, cradle to gate was selected as the system boundary and functional unit from the life cycle assessment method. The results found that the process of building a mushroom house has the highest greenhouse gas emissions of 1, 496.609 kgCO2eq. The mushroom cubes mixing process has the highest energy consumption throughout the production process, requiring an energy consumption of 5.595 kWh. The greenhouse gas is released amount 3, 588.362 kgCO2eq. throughout this process. Additionally, the payback period of the heaven mushroom product is 0.92 years.

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Impact of utilizing solid recovered fuel on the global warming potential of cement production and waste management system: A life cycle assessment approach

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x20978277 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0734242X2097827

Author(s):

Md Musharof Hussain Khan ◽

Jouni Havukainen ◽

Mika Horttanainen

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Waste Management ◽

Low Income ◽

Global Warming Potential ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Functional Unit ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Cement Production

Cement production is responsible for a significant share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A potential option to reduce the cement production emissions is to use alternative fuels which can have also an impact on emissions from the waste management sector. This work investigates the change in global warming potential (GWP) of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) production and affected waste management systems when conventional fuels are partially replaced by solid recovered fuel (SRF) made from commercial and industrial waste (C&IW). A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted with a functional unit of 1 metric tonne of OPC production and treatment of 194 kg of C&IW. Data from an existing cement plant have been used, where the share of SRF from total fuel energy demand increased from 0% to 53% between 2007 and 2016. Four scenarios were established with varying waste treatment methods and SRF share in the thermal energy mix of cement production. It was found that GHG emissions decreased by 20% from 1036 kg carbon dioxide (CO2), eq. (functional unit)-1 in Scenario 1 to 832 kg CO2, eq. (functional unit)-1 in Scenario 3. Furthermore, it is possible to reach a reduction of 30% to 725 kg CO2, eq. (functional unit)-1 in Scenario by increasing the share of SRF to 80%. In conclusion, significant GHG emissions reduction can be achieved by utilizing SRF in cement production. Especially in the middle-income and low-income countries where waste is dumped to the open landfills, emissions could be reduced without huge investments to waste incineration plants.

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A Cradle to Gate Approach for Life-Cycle-Assessment of Blisk Manufacturing

10.1115/gt2021-59479 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kilian Fricke ◽

Sascha Gierlings ◽

Philipp Ganser ◽

Martin Seimann ◽

Thomas Bergs

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽

Life Cycle Inventory ◽

Material Selection ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cradle To Gate ◽

Life Cycle Impact ◽

Goal And Scope

Abstract The aviation industry has been growing continuously over the past decades. Despite the current Covid-19 crisis, this trend is likely to resume in the near future. On an international level, initiatives like the Green Recovery Plan promoted by the European Union set the basis towards a more environmentally friendly future approach for the aero-industry. The increasing air traffic and the focus on a more sustainable industry as a whole lead to an extensive need for a more balanced assessment of a products life cycle especially on an ecological level. Blisks (or IBRs) remain a central component of every current and very possible every future aero engine configuration. Their advantages during operation compared to conventional compressor rotors are met with a considerably complex manufacturing and production process. In the high-pressure compressor segment of an engine, the material selection is limited to Titanium alloys such as Ti6Al4V and heat-resistant Nickel-alloys such as Inconel718. The corresponding process chains consist of numerous different process steps starting with the initial raw material extraction and ending with the quality assurance (cradle to gate). Especially the central milling process requires a highly qualified process design to ensure a part of sufficient quality. Life-Cycle-Assessments enable an investigation of a products overall environmental impact and ecological footprint throughout its distinct life-cycle. Formal LCAs are generally divided by international standards into four separate steps of analysis: the goal and scope definition, the acquisition of Life Cycle-Inventory, the Life-Cycle-Impact-Assessment and the interpretation. This content of this paper focuses on a general approach for Life-Cycle-Assessment for Blisk manufacturing. • Firstly, the goal and scope is set by presenting three separate process chain scenarios for Blisk manufacturing, which mainly differ in terms of raw material selection and individual process selections for blade manufacturing. • Secondly, the LCI data (Life-Cycle Inventory) acquisition is illustrated by defining all significant in- and outputs of each individual process step. • Thirdly, the approach of a Life-Cycle-Impact-Assessment is presented by introducing the modelling approach in an LCA-software environment. • Fourthly, an outlook and discussion on relevant impact-indicators for a subsequent interpretation of future results are conducted.

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