New Energy Development and Energy Chemical Engineering (Topic Field) Released of Alkali Species under High Pressure Gasification of Pakistani Coal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Gul E Rana Jaffri ◽  
Syed Ali Rehan Shah Jaffri
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Cleaning Technology ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning

Inorganic species are released during pressurized gasification, can cause severe problem of hot corrosion. The direct utilization of coal is harmful for power plants. The aim of work to obtained comprehensive knowledge of release alkali species Na-,K-,Cl and S-species prior to carry out experiment. Therefore thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed by Fact Sage 5.2 and simulated the gasification environment at elevated pressure.Three soft Pakistani coal such as Lakhra (Vad < 41.44%), Thar (Vad < 42.02%) and Sor-range ((Vad < 21.11%) belong to Lignite and sub-bituminous coal were selected and releasing order was calculated by plotting mole fraction of each species Vs pressure (5 to 15bar ) at 1000°C.On the basis of predicted releasing order the H2S can be predicted most stable species under gasification at elevated pressure. The high released amount of SO2, H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl was predicted for LKH and SRC at 5 and 15 bar pressure and 1000°C temperature. Comparing with high pressure the predicted released of H2S was found higher than SO2, NaCl, KCl and HCl at 15 bar pressure while the released of SO2was observed lower than H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl at 5 bar pressure during gasification process. The above available predicted information is valuable for hot gas cleaning technology.

Energy Chemical Engineering (Topic Field) Simulation for Influence of High Pressure on Release of Inorganic Species during Combustion of Pakistani Coal

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul E Rana Jaffri
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Cleaning Technology ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning

The inorganic species are highly volatile, released during thermal conversion process and especially at high pressure combustion leads to several problems of fouling, slagging and corrosion when they reach the colder part of plant. The comprehensive knowledge of release alkali species Na-,K-,Cl and S-species is required prior to carry out experiment. Therefore thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed by Fact Sage 5.2 and simulated the combustion environment at elevated pressure. Three soft Pakistani coal such as Lakhra (Vad < 41.44%), Thar (Vad < 42.02%) and Sor-range ((Vad < 21.11%) belong to Lignite and sub-bituminous coal were selected and releasing order was calculated by plotting mole fraction of each species VS pressure (5 to 15bar ) at 1000°C. On the basis of predicted releasing order the SO2 can be predicted most stable species under combustion at elevated pressure. The high released amount of SO2, H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl was predicted for LKH, THC and SRC at 5 and 15 bar pressure and 1000°C temperature.Comparing with high pressure the predicted released of SO2 was found higher than H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl at 5 bar pressure while the released of H2S was observed lower than SO2, NaCl, KCl and HCl at 15 bar pressure during combustion process. The above available predicted information is valuable for hot gas cleaning technology.

Chemical Equilibrium Prediction on Release of Na,K,Cl and S-Species during Gasification of Biomass, Soft and Hard Chinese Coal at Elevated Temperature and Pressure by Fact Sage

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul E Rana Jaffri ◽  
Ke Fa Cen ◽  
Zhi Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Chinese Coal ◽  
Cleaning Technology ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning

The release of alkali species can cause of severe problem of hot corrosion during gasification especially at high temperature and pressure. The direct use of coal may harmful for power plants. The aim of work to obtained comprehensive knowledge prior utilization of coal. Therefore, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed by Fact Sage 5.2 and simulated the gasification environment at elevated temperature and pressure. Four hard and soft Chinese coal such as Yungui (Vad<6.6%), Xiao Tun(Vad<11.1), Datong (Vad <23.18), Ping Zhuan (Vad<31.84) ,and Saw dust (Vad<68.80) and Saw dust char (Vad<3.39) belongs to anthracite, Sub-bituminous, lignite, biomass and biomass char were selected and releasing order was calculated by plotting mole fraction of each species Vs temperature (1000 to 1400°C) at 1 bar and VS pressure (5 to 15bar ) at 1000°C. On the basis of predicted releasing order the H2S species can be predicted most stable species for gasification at elevated temperature and pressure. The high released amount of SO2, H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl was obtained for YUN, DAT,SAD and SADChar at (1400°C-1000°C) temperature and (15-5bar) pressure. Comparing with high pressure the predicted release of KCl and HCl was observed higher but SO2, H2S, and NaCl release was found lower than elevated temperature during combustion process. The above available predicted information is valuable for development of hot gas cleaning technology.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of gas produced from different types of biomass pellets in gasification process

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Mikeska ◽  
Jan Najser ◽  
Václav Peer ◽  
Jaroslav Frantík ◽  
Jan Kielar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cleaning Technology

Gas from the gasification of pellets made from renewable sources of energy or from lower-quality fuels often contains a number of pollutants. This may cause technical difficulties during the gas use in internal combustion gas engines used for energy and heat cogeneration. Therefore, an adequate system of gas cleaning must be selected. In line with such requirements, this paper focuses on the characterization and comparison of gases produced from different types of biomass during gasification. The biomass tested was wood, straw, and hay pellets. The paper gives a detailed description and evaluation of the measurements from a fix-bed gasifier for the properties of the produced gases, raw fuels, tar composition, and its particle content before and after the cleaning process. The results of elemental composition, net calorific value, moisture, and ash content show that the cleaned gases are suitable for internal combustion engine-based cogeneration systems, but unsuitable for gas turbines, where a different cleaning technology would be needed.

scholarly journals Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle’s Technical Version of the Texaco Coal Gasifier as Part of a Combined Cycle Plant

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cornils ◽  
J. Hibbel ◽  
P. Ruprecht ◽  
R. Dürrfeld ◽  
J. Langhoff
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant

The Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle variant of the Texaco Coal Gasification Process (TCGP) has been on stream since 1978. As the first demonstration plant of the “second generation” it has confirmed the advantages of the simultaneous gasification of coal: at higher temperatures; under elevated pressures; using finely divided coal; feeding the coal as a slurry in water. The operating time so far totals 9000 hrs. More than 50,000 tons of coal have been converted to syn gas with a typical composition of 55 percent CO, 33 percent H2, 11 percent CO2 and 0.01 percent of methane. The advantages of the process — low environmental impact, additional high pressure steam production, gas generation at high pressure levels, steady state operation, relatively low investment costs, rapid and reliable turn-down and load-following characteristics — make such entrained-bed coal gasification processes highly suitable for power generation, especially as the first step of combined cycle power plants.

scholarly journals Impact of Char Properties and Reaction Parameters on Naphthalene Conversion in a Macro-TGA Fixed Char Bed Reactor

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad Abu El-Rub ◽  
Eddy Bramer ◽  
Samer Al-Gharabli ◽  
Gerrit Brem
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Coke Deposition ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Char Particle ◽  
Biomass Char ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning

Catalytic tar removal is one of the main challenges restricting the successful commercialization of biomass gasification. Hot gas cleaning using a heterogeneous catalyst is one of the methods used to remove tar. In order to economically remove tar, an efficient low-cost catalyst should be applied. Biomass char has the potential to be such a catalyst. In this work, the reactor parameters that affect the conversion of a model tar component “naphthalene” were investigated employing an in situ thermogravimetric analysis of a fixed bed of biomass char. The following reactor and catalyst parameters were investigated: bed temperature (750 to 900 °C), gas residence time in the char bed (0.4 to 2.4 s), char particle size (500 to 1700 μm), feed naphthalene concentration, feed gas composition (CO, CO2, H2O, H2, CH4, naphthalene, and N2), char properties, and char precursor. It was found that the biomass char has a high activity for naphthalene conversion. However, the catalytic performance of the biomass char was affected by the gasification reactions that consumed its carbon, and the coke deposition that reduced its activity. Furthermore, high ash and iron contents enhanced char activity. The results of this work will be used in the design of a process that uses biomass char as an auto-generated catalyst in the gasification process.

scholarly journals The effect of high pressure treatment on the quality of chicken breast meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Nives Marušić Radovčić ◽  
Damir Ježek ◽  
Ksenija Markov ◽  
Jadranka Frece ◽  
Duška Ćurić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Chicken Breast Meat ◽  
Cooking Yield

In the present work, the effect of high pressure processing (HPP) (0, 100, 200 and 300 MPa) and different treatment time (5 and 10 minutes) on the moisture uptake, cooking yield, colour and texture, as well as microbial population of chicken breast fillets was investigated. The application of high hydrostatic pressure resulted in a modification of quality parameters of chicken breast meat. By increasing pressure and time of the treatment the moisture uptake was reduced: samples treated with 300 MPa for 10 min had the lowest moisture uptake values. Cooking yield was not affected by HPP treatments. Increased pressure affected the colour by increasing L*, a* and b* values (only HPP treatment of 100 MPa in duration of 5 and 10 minutes did not affect colour of chicken breast meat). Lower pressures (100 and 200 MPa) tenderized, whereas elevated pressure (300 MPa) increased hardness in chicken breast fillets. Higher level of pressure (300 MPa) reduced bacteria count by about 3.0 – 5.3 log (CFU/g), depending on the microorganism and duration of the process.

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