Elucidation of Accumulation Mechanism of Environmental Pollutants into Living Body and Defense Mechanism from Health Damage with Chemicals

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1020-1024
Author(s):  
De Li Chen ◽  
Run Qing Yang ◽  
Tian Zhu Li ◽  
Li Long Yan ◽  
Xiao Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Health Damage ◽  
Accumulation Mechanism ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants

In this study, the mechanism of accumulation of pollutants into living body and defense from health damage were elucidated. Based on the obtained knowledge in this program, the innovative methodology and new functional materials for purification and the restoration were developed. Through these activities, the sustainable understanding and trust about the pollution issuse were established. Six research projects were expected by the fusion of the results. We had investigated the environments around waterfowls which come flying mutually, and the concentration of pollutants in water, soil, fold in wet land and also in waterfowl were measured cooperatively and the accumulation mechanism were clarified. The microchip electrochemistry assay method is developed and applied to actual environments. New materials and methodologies based on the konwledge of the mechanism of accumulation and the defense from health damage were developed.

Unique Functional Materials Derived from β-Amino Acid Oligomers

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Del Borgo ◽  
Ketav Kulkarni ◽  
Marie-Isabel Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Peptide Drug ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Amino Acid Oligomers

The unique structures formed by β-amino acid oligomers, or β-peptide foldamers, have been studied for almost two decades, which has led to the discovery of several distinctive structures and bioactive molecules. Recently, this area of research has expanded from conventional peptide drug design to the formation of assemblies and nanomaterials by peptide self-assembly. The unique structures formed by β-peptides give rise to a set of new materials with altered properties that differ from conventional peptide-based materials; such new materials may be useful in several bio- and nanomaterial applications.

scholarly journals Doping by Design: Finding New n-type Dopable ABX4 Zintl Phases for Thermoelectrics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxing Qu ◽  
Vladan Stevanovic ◽  
Elif Ertekin ◽  
Prashun Gorai
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Zintl Phases ◽  
Prototype Structure ◽  
New Compounds

Doping remains a bottleneck in discovering novel functional materials for applications such as thermoelectrics (TE) and photovoltaics. The current computational approach to materials discovery is to identify candidates by predicting the functional properties of a pool of known materials, and hope that the candidates can be appropriately doped. What if we could "design" new materials that have the desired functionalities and doping properties? In this work, we use an approach, wherein we perform chemical replacements in a prototype structure, to realize doping by design. We hypothesize that the doping characteristics and functional performance of the prototype structure are translated to the new compounds created by chemical replacements. Discovery of new <i>n</i>-type Zintl phases is desirable for TE; however, <i>n</i>-type Zintl phases are a rarity. We demonstrate our doping design strategy by discovering 7 new, previously-unreported ABX<sub>4</sub> Zintl phases that adopt the prototypical KGaSb<sub>4</sub> structure. Among the new phases, we computationally confirm that NaAlSb<sub>4</sub>, NaGaSb<sub>4</sub> and CsInSb<sub>4</sub> are <i>n</i>-type dopable and potentially exhibit high <i>n</i>-type TE performance, even exceeding that of KGaSb<sub>4</sub>. Our structure prototyping approach offers a promising route to discover new materials with designed doping and functional properties.

scholarly journals Defense mechanism of a living body and needle moxibustion medicine.

1992 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Yasuzo KURONO ◽  
Tatsuyo ISHIGAMI ◽  
Sigeru HORI ◽  
Hironori NAKAMURA ◽  
Ko YAMADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Living Body

scholarly journals The Analysis of the Characteristic Development of Material Chemistry Specialty under the Background of "Big Materials"

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Zegong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Chemistry Major ◽  
Material Chemistry ◽  
Nanometer Materials ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Teaching Purpose

<p>With the rapid development of science and technology, the material discipline also developed rapidly, and gradually developed a lot of new materials. With the emergence of new materials, there are many specialties such as nanometer materials and technology, functional materials, new energy materials and devices. The material chemistry major is a kind of material and chemistry cross traditional major. The teaching purpose of material chemistry major is to improve students' knowledge and skills in material chemistry, so that they can carry out scientific research, teaching, development and other management work in engineering, material science and other related industries, and become an innovative talent in the field of material science. At present, in the environment of rapid development of large materials, the most prominent problem of material chemistry major is how to highlight the specialty characteristics as much as possible in this environment, so as to realize the construction and development of specialty characteristics.</p>

scholarly journals NANOBIOMATERIALS LIBRARY SYNTHESIS FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING USING A DRY POWDER PRINTING METHOD

Nano LIFE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250006 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZONGQI LI ◽  
SHOUFENG YANG
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Library Synthesis ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Printing Method

High-throughput (HT) screening and combinatorial searches for the discovery, development and optimization of functional materials have been widely accepted in many new materials discovery. Dry powder HT library synthesis have advantages such as using same powder materials in lab as in production, and avoiding the use of additives and/or solvents which could be harmful for cells. The VaryDose dry powder dispensing technology was adapted in this work to dispense nanobioceramic powders in quantities as low as 0.1 mg per dispensing. Nanocalcium phosphate biomaterials, including hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), were selected to demonstrate the library fabrication. The dispensing unit design and the effect of the dispensing parameters on dosage control and uniformity are discussed.

scholarly journals Strain-driven autonomous control of cation distribution for artificial ferroelectrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. eabd7394
Author(s):  
Changhee Sohn ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Rama K. Vasudevan ◽  
Sabine M. Neumayer ◽  
Nina Balke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Crystallographic Position ◽  
Atomic Position ◽  
Steep Ascent ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Synthesis Methodology

In past few decades, there have been substantial advances in theoretical material design and experimental synthesis, which play a key role in the steep ascent of developing functional materials with unprecedented properties useful for next-generation technologies. However, the ultimate goal of synthesis science, i.e., how to locate atoms in a specific position of matter, has not been achieved. Here, we demonstrate a unique way to inject elements in a specific crystallographic position in a composite material by strain engineering. While the use of strain so far has been limited for only mechanical deformation of structures or creation of elemental defects, we show another powerful way of using strain to autonomously control the atomic position for the synthesis of new materials and structures. We believe that our synthesis methodology can be applied to wide ranges of systems, thereby providing a new route to functional materials.

scholarly journals Changes of the chlorogenic acid, caffeine, gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and antioxdant activities during germination of coffee bean (Coffea arabica)

2018 ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeokyeong Kim ◽  
Yeongyil Kim, and Deok-Young Jhon
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Coffee Beans

This study was carried out to identify changes in functional materials during the germination of coffee seeds. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine, and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was assayed by HPLC method while germinating coffee beans for 20 days. The contents of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid compounds were measured by colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was measured by both 2,2-diphenyl-2-pycryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) assay method. It was found that CGAs (5-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), 4-CQA, 3-CQA), caffeine, and GABA increased and then decreased during germination. There were no significant changes in total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Especially, all of the major isomers of CGA increased to the highest value at 10 days of germination, and GABA also increased significantly at the early stage of germination. This study showed that coffee beans changed into more functional food materials by germination and showed maximum functionality in appropriate germination conditions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Resistance and Bioremediation Ability ofLactobacillusStrains to Lead and Cadmium

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Kirillova ◽  
Anna A. Danilushkina ◽  
Denis S. Irisov ◽  
Nataliya L. Bruslik ◽  
Rawil F. Fakhrullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Metal Ion Binding ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Accumulation Mechanism ◽  
Cd Removal

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are heavy metals, important environmental pollutants, and potent toxicants to organism. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been reported to remove Cd and Pb from solutions and therefore represent a useful tool for decontamination of food and beverages from heavy metals. Heavy metal ion binding by LAB was reported as metabolism-independent surface process. In this work tenLactobacillusstrains were investigated with respect to hydrophobicity, Lewis acid-base, and electrostatic properties of their outer cell surface in order to characterize their Cd and Pb removal capacity. SevenL. plantarumandL. fermentumstrains were shown to remove Cd from culture medium. The metabolism-dependent accumulation mechanism of Cd removal was proposed based on extended character of Cd binding and lack of correlation between any of the surface characteristics and Cd removal. The results of this study should be considered when selecting probiotic strains for people at risk of Cd exposure.

Doping by Design: Finding New n-type Dopable ABX4 Zintl Phases for Thermoelectrics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxing Qu ◽  
Vladan Stevanovic ◽  
Elif Ertekin ◽  
Prashun Gorai
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Zintl Phases ◽  
Prototype Structure ◽  
New Compounds

Doping remains a bottleneck in discovering novel functional materials for applications such as thermoelectrics (TE) and photovoltaics. The current computational approach to materials discovery is to identify candidates by predicting the functional properties of a pool of known materials, and hope that the candidates can be appropriately doped. What if we could "design" new materials that have the desired functionalities and doping properties? In this work, we use an approach, wherein we perform chemical replacements in a prototype structure, to realize doping by design. We hypothesize that the doping characteristics and functional performance of the prototype structure are translated to the new compounds created by chemical replacements. Discovery of new <i>n</i>-type Zintl phases is desirable for TE; however, <i>n</i>-type Zintl phases are a rarity. We demonstrate our doping design strategy by discovering 7 new, previously-unreported ABX<sub>4</sub> Zintl phases that adopt the prototypical KGaSb<sub>4</sub> structure. Among the new phases, we computationally confirm that NaAlSb<sub>4</sub>, NaGaSb<sub>4</sub> and CsInSb<sub>4</sub> are <i>n</i>-type dopable and potentially exhibit high <i>n</i>-type TE performance, even exceeding that of KGaSb<sub>4</sub>. Our structure prototyping approach offers a promising route to discover new materials with designed doping and functional properties.

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