The Effect of Rare Earth Modification on the Structure and Catalytic Performance of SO42-/ZrO2 Solid Acid Catalysts

Rare earth modified SO2-4/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods respectively. The properties of the samples were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). And their catalytic performances were evaluated and investigated by transesterification of waste oil with methanol. The results showed that the catalyst containing 4% Ce and calcined at 550°C displayed the highest production rate and the better reuse ability than the others. 63.5% yield of fatty acid methyl ester was achieved. An analysis of XRD patterns reveal that the incorporation of rare earth into tetragonal zirconia stabilizes the compound, and the calcination at 550°C increases the reactivity of the catalyst by producing a greater fraction of active tetragonal zirconia. It can be seen from the FT-IR spectra that superacids structures are formed in the catalysts and the acidity is strengthened remarkably and the activated centre of the catalyst were increasesed.

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Preparation and Characterization of Supported H3PW12O40 and Supported Cesium-Substituted Dodecatungstophosphate

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.509.321 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 509 ◽

pp. 321-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zi Li Liu ◽

Cui Xia Xu ◽

Qian Wen Dai ◽

Chao Xiang ◽

Jian Jie Zhang

Keyword(s):

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Highly Dispersed ◽

Probe Experiment ◽

Ft Ir

Supported H3PW12O40 (HPW) and supported Cesium-Substituted dodecatungsto-phosphate are eco-friendly solid acid catalysts. A series of different loading H3PW12O40/SiO2 and HPW/diatomite were prepared by a typical incipient wetness impregnation of methanol, meanwhile SiO2 and diatomite supported Cs-salt catalysts were prepared via two-step impregnating method. The catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicate that the Keggin structure of HPW is intact in the SiO2-supported HPW and SiO2-supported CsHPW. HPW and CsHPW are highly dispersed in the SiO2 at the low loading, while the loading is more than 40% the catalyst grains increase and gather on the surface of the carrier. What's more, diatomite is not a suitable support. HPW and CsHPW have better distribution in the SiO2 than in the diatomite. The activity of catalyst was tested in probe experiment of the alkylation of thiopene (TH) with 1-hexene.

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Rare earth exchanged (Ce3+, La3+ and RE3+) H–Y zeolites as solid acid catalysts for the synthesis of linear alkyl benzenes

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.05.035 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (1-3) ◽

pp. 329-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Bejoy Thomas ◽

Bibhuti B. Das ◽

S. Sugunan

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

Y Zeolites ◽

Linear Alkyl Benzenes ◽

Alkyl Benzenes

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Highly efficient continuous-flow oxidative coupling of amines using promising nanoscale CeO2–M/SiO2 (M = MoO3 and WO3) solid acid catalysts

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra21218b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (97) ◽

pp. 95252-95262 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bolla Govinda Rao ◽

Putla Sudarsanam ◽

Baithy Mallesham ◽

Benjaram M. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

Highly Efficient

Nanoscale CeO2–MoO3/SiO2 solid acid shows an outstanding catalytic performance in the oxidative coupling of amines under industrially-favourable conditions.

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Halloysite nanotubes based heterogeneous solid acid catalysts

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj02846k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (30) ◽

pp. 12897-12908

Author(s):

Aman Mahajan ◽

Princy Gupta

Keyword(s):

Acid Catalysis ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Solid Acids ◽

Review Article ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

Heterogeneous Solid ◽

Excellent Catalytic Performance

Taking into account the excellent catalytic performance of halloysite nanotubes, the main focus of this review article is to unveil the research on halloysite nanotubes for the preparation of solid acids and their applications in acid catalysis.

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Optimization of Salix Carbonation Solid Acid Catalysts for One-Step Synthesis by Response Surface Method

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9081518 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1518

Author(s):

Ping Lu ◽

Kebing Wang ◽

Juhui Gong

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Response Surface Method ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Infrared Analysis ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

Surface Method ◽

One Step

Salix carboniferous solid acid catalysts were successfully obtained via one-step carbonization and sulfonation of Salix psammophila in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, which was then used in the esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol to prepare the biodiesel. The esterification rate of the catalyst obtained from the reaction indicated the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Afterwards, the recycling performance of the catalyst was optimized and characterized based on Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The catalyst performance was examined and optimized through the response surface method, and the catalyst was determined and characterized based on scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared analysis. The results suggested that the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: reaction temperature of 125 °C, reaction time of 102 min, solid–liquid ratio of 17 g/100 mL, standing time of 30 min, and the highest conversion level of 94.15%.

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Rare-earth (Ce3+, La3+, Sm3+, and RE3+) exchanged Na-Y zeolites and K-10 clay as solid acid catalysts for the synthesis of benzoxazole via Beckmann rearrangement of salicylaldoxime

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.06.005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (1-3) ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bejoy Thomas ◽

S. Sugunan

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Beckmann Rearrangement ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

Y Zeolites

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Determination of Acid Structures on the Surface of Sulfated Monoclinic and Tetragonal Zirconia through Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

Catalysis Science & Technology ◽

10.1039/d1cy01860d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daofeng Huang ◽

Siyue Chen ◽

Sicong Ma ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Yuanhang Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfated Zirconia ◽

Tetragonal Phase ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Tetragonal Zirconia ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

Theoretical Approaches

Sulfated zirconia (SZ) plays an important role in solid acid catalysts. To understand the origin of the super acidity over the surface of sulfated zirconia, pure monoclinic and tetragonal phase...

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Preparation of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using Rice Straw Biomass and Their Application in Hydration of α-Pinene

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10020213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhaozhou Wei ◽

Deyuan Xiong ◽

Pengzhi Duan ◽

Shilei Ding ◽

Yuanlin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Side Reactions ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

High Porosity ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Carbon Based

Carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared using rice straw (RS) waste, and the effects of carbonization temperature and sulfonation temperature on the catalytic activity were investigated. The properties of the catalysts were characterized using thermo gravimetric (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their activities were investigated through the hydration of α-pinene. The conversion of α-pinene and the selectivity of α-terpineol reached 67.60% and 57.07% at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure in 24 h, respectively. The high catalytic capacity of the catalyst is attributed to the high acid site density and high porosity of the catalyst. TPD analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the catalyst produced by low-temperature carbonization at 300 °C followed by low-temperature sulfonation at 80 °C had abundant strong acid sites (0.82 mmol/g), which can effectively inhibit the side reactions of hydrated α-pinene. The total acidity reached 2.87 mmol/g. N2-physisorption analysis clearly indicated that the obtained catalysts were mesopore-predominant materials, and the SBET and VTotal of catalysts reached 420.9 m2/g and 4.048 cm3/g, respectively. Preparation of the catalyst involves low energy consumption, and its cheap raw materials make the whole process simple, economical, and environmentally friendly.

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