Evaluation of Li-Mg-B Alloy Anode for Intermediate Temperature Lithium Batteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1553-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Jie Wang ◽  
Yong Qiang Niu ◽  
Jun Lin Du ◽  
Nai Xin Xu ◽  
Zhu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Alloy Anode ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Discharge Behavior ◽  
The Cost

A ternary Li-Mg-B alloy (64%Li, 4%Mg and 32%B, all compositions are reported as weight percent in this paper) foil was prepared and its phase structure and discharge behavior were investigated. The main phases existing in the alloy included Li5B4, Li3Mg7, LiB and Li. Coupled with LiNO3-KNO3eutectic electrolyte and MnO2cathode, the anode exhibited great potential in the intermediate temperature lithium batteries. At temperatures above 200°C, two steady voltage plateaus were obtained at near 3V and 2.7V, and the cell displayed an open-circuit voltage exceeding 3.2V. The experimentally measured capacity of the Li-Mg-B alloy was 5427C·g-1at 200°C, which was higher than that of LiB alloy (70%Li). Adding magnesium to LiB alloy could lower the cost of anodes without capacity loss.

scholarly journals Experimental study on a high concentration photovoltaic/thermal system with plane mirrors array

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 517-525
Author(s):  
Haifei Chen ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Jie Ji ◽  
Wenzhu Huang ◽  
Gang Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Uniform Illumination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
The Cost

A high concentration photovoltaic/thermal system based on plane mirrors array has been developed and analyzed. It is found that the system with plane mirrors array not only can reduce the cost but also achieve a uniform illumination and adjustable concentration ratios. The system produces both electrical and thermal energy, with the electrical efficiency above 22% and the thermal efficiency above 47%. The experimental results show that the temperature coefficient of open circuit voltage in this photovoltaic module is around ?0.12 V/?C. Moreover, when the concentration ratio varies between 200 and 450, the decrease of electrical efficiency with the temperature is 0.08% per?C.

Cathode Supported Honeycomb SOFCs for Intermediate Temperature Operation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sota Shimizu ◽  
Toshiaki Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoshinobu Fujishiro ◽  
Masanobu Awano
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Anode Current ◽  
Power Module ◽  
Electrical Simulation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Electrochemical Evaluation

A novel cathode supported honeycomb SOFC for intermediate temperature operation has been developed for application as a compact power module with quick start-up and shut-down functions. In this study, effects of resistances of glass sealant and anode current collector formed on the edge face of the honeycomb on the SOFC performance was investigated using an electrical simulation and a practical electrochemical evaluation method. Open circuit voltage (OCV) for a honeycomb SOFC unit was improved with an increase in the resistance glass sealant or a decrease in anode current collector. The fabricated honeycomb SOFC showed the OCV values above 1.05 V in a temperature range of 500 to 600 °C.

Self-Discharge Behavior of Lithium/Sulfur Battery Using Aluminum Current Collector

2005 ◽  
Vol 486-487 ◽  
pp. 630-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Suk Ryu ◽  
Hyo Jun Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
The Self ◽  
Discharge Behavior ◽  
Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sulfur Electrode ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

We investigated the self discharge behavior of lithium/sulfur cell using an alumium current collector. The discharge capacity decreased by 14% for oriniginal one after 30 days’ storage at room temperature. The open circuit voltage(OCV) of Li/S battery gradually decreased from 2.45V to 2.38V during the 30 days. The self discharge behavior was related to the decrease of elemental sulfur in the sulfur electrode.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Calendar Aging Behavior of Six Different Lithium-Ion Cell Chemistries in Terms of Parameter Variation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3358
Author(s):  
Christian Geisbauer ◽  
Katharina Wöhrl ◽  
Daniel Koch ◽  
Gudrun Wilhelm ◽  
Gerhard Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell ◽  
Capacity Degradation ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Stationary Conditions

The degradation of lithium-ion cells is an important aspect, not only for quality management, but also for the customer of the application like, e.g., scooters or electric vehicles. During the lifetime of the system, the overall health on the battery plays a key role in its depreciation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the health of the battery during operation, i.e., cycle life, but also during stationary conditions, i.e., calendar aging. In this work, the degradation due to calendar aging is analyzed for six different cell chemistries in terms of capacity degradation and impedance increase and their performance are being compared. In a new proposed metric, the relative deviations between various cells with the exact identical aging history are being analyzed for their degradation effects and their differences, which stands out in comparison to similar research. The capacity loss was found to be most drastic at 60 °C and at higher storage voltages, even for titanate-oxide cells. LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC), LiNiCoAlO2 (NCA) and Li2TiO3 (LTO) cells at 60 °C showed the most drastic capacity decrease. NMC and NCA cells at 60 °C and highest storage voltage did not show any open circuit voltage, as their current interrupt mechanism triggered. The effect of aging shows no uniform impact on the changes in the capacity variance when comparing different aging conditions, with respect to the evaluated standard deviation for all cells. The focus of this work was on the calendar aging effect and may be supplemented in a second study for cyclic aging.

Effects of mixed conduction on the open-circuit voltage of intermediate-temperature SOFCs based on Sm-doped ceria electrolytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 176 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Matsui ◽  
Takuya Kosaka ◽  
Minoru Inaba ◽  
Atsushi Mineshige ◽  
Zempachi Ogumi
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Mixed Conduction

Microcrystalline (Si,Ge):H Solar Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhu ◽  
Vikram L. Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Ecr Plasma

AbstractWe report on the growth and properties of microcrystalline Si:H and (Si,Ge):H solar cells on stainless steel substrates. The solar cells were grown using a remote, low pressure ECR plasma system. In order to crystallize (Si,Ge), much higher hydrogen dilution (∼40:1) had to be used compared to the case for mc-Si:H, where a dilution of 10:1 was adequate for crystallization. The solar cell structure was of the p+nn+ type, with light entering the p+ layer. It was found that it was advantageous to use a thin a-Si:H buffer layer at the back of the cells in order to reduce shunt density and improve the performance of the cells. A graded gap buffer layer was used at the p+n interface so as to improve the open-circuit voltage and fill factor. The open circuit voltage and fill factor decreased as the Ge content increased. Quantum efficiency measurements indicated that the device was indeed microcrystalline and followed the absorption characteristics of crystalline ( Si,Ge). As the Ge content increased, quantum efficiency in the infrared increased. X-ray measurements of films indicated grain sizes of ∼ 10nm. EDAX measurements were used to measure the Ge content in the films and devices. Capacitance measurements at low frequencies ( ~100 Hz and 1 kHz) indicated that the base layer was indeed behaving as a crystalline material, with classical C(V) curves. The defect density varied between 1x1016 to 2x1017/cm3, with higher defects indicated as the Ge concentration increased.

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